電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)原理介紹 電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是(shi)易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常用(yong)的開關電(dian)源式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器又(you)分半橋式(shi)和單激式(shi)兩大類，單激類又(you)分為正激式(shi)和反激式(shi)兩類。半橋式(shi)成(cheng)本高，性能(neng)好，常用(yong)于帶負(fu)脈沖的充(chong)電(dian)器；單激式(shi)成(cheng)本低，市場占有率高。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據(ju)麥(mai)斯先生的(de)三定律制(zhi)作成功(gong)了(le)多種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是(shi)：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接(jie)通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這(zhe)一(yi)原理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，不切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路(lu)(lu)(lu)時由(you)于不切(qie)(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中串(chuan)連了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般(ban)在1秒(miao)內短路(lu)(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能跳變，短路(lu)(lu)(lu)時間(jian)短促(cu)，可以保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如(ru)果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫(jiao)正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了(le)名詞“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且(qie)稱可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近(jin)幾年，電(dian)動車普遍使(shi)用(yong)了所(suo)謂三段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器，第(di)一個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫恒流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)，第(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫恒壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)，第(di)三個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)叫涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。大多數充(chong)電(dian)器第(di)一、二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)是紅燈，第(di)三階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)變綠燈。

買新(xin)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)要檢查三段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)三個重要參(can)數(shu)，一般可以自(zi)己測(ce)得(de)(de)第三階段(duan)的(de)低恒壓值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接電(dian)(dian)池，給充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)字萬用表的(de)200V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)壓檔測(ce)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓。另兩個參(can)數(shu)高(gao)恒壓值(zhi)和轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)流一般需(xu)要專用工具才能測(ce)得(de)(de)。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后(hou)再(zai)接著充2－3小時。

2、原(yuan)則(ze)是淺放（電）勤充(chong)（電），就(jiu)是騎(qi)行不足夠遠，也要(yao)及時充(chong)電，避(bi)免放光再(zai)充(chong)電。

3、長期不(bu)騎，要定(ding)期（2－3個(ge)月）充電一次。

4、長(chang)期淺放(fang)的(de)電池，3個月左右，作一(yi)次深(shen)放(fang)電，就是所謂放(fang)光再(zai)充電，有(you)利于電池深(shen)部(bu)的(de)長(chang)期不動(dong)(dong)的(de)物質的(de)活化。放(fang)光的(de)意思是，騎(qi)到(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)器電池欠壓(ya)保護動(dong)(dong)作為止(zhi)。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新電池(chi)(chi)投入使用8－10個月(yue)后(hou)，要對電池(chi)(chi)進行檢(jian)查(cha)和(he)維(wei)護。

2、一(yi)般(ban)名牌車(che)配套的充電(dian)器是經過(guo)篩(shai)選的，通常不用測(ce)試，但是單獨(du)到市場上(shang)采購的非配套充電(dian)器，一(yi)定要進(jin)行前述三(san)個參(can)數的測(ce)試。

3、有一種不帶工頻(pin)變壓器的可(ke)控硅充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，直接整流(liu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)調(diao)，未(wei)徹底切斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，貨運三輪使(shi)用(yong)這類充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的客戶特別(bie)要(yao)注(zhu)意安全(quan)。