購買種子(zi)須知

當前春耕(geng)在(zai)即，正是(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)銷售旺季和農(nong)民(min)大量(liang)購(gou)買種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)時節。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)作為(wei)有生(sheng)命的(de)再生(sheng)的(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產資料，質量(liang)的(de)好(hao)壞關系到農(nong)民(min)一年的(de)收成。種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)技術(shu)含(han)量(liang)很高(gao)的(de)商(shang)品，用肉眼、憑(ping)表象往往難以識(shi)別種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質量(liang)的(de)優劣，只(zhi)能是(shi)在(zai)購(gou)買時加(jia)以防范，多加(jia)注意，選擇合法的(de)經營者(zhe)、合適的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)等(deng)。那么，在(zai)購(gou)買種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)時候如何防范假劣種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)呢？

買誰的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，到什(shen)么地方去買種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)總體(ti)上講，就是(shi)要買合(he)法經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，要買資金雄厚、信(xin)譽好的(de)(de)(de)大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。按照(zhao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)包括具(ju)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)及(ji)其分支機(ji)構(gou)和代銷者(zhe)(zhe)、包裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)零售商。但所(suo)有經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)都應(ying)辦理營(ying)(ying)業執照(zhao)。因此(ci)，購買種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應(ying)當(dang)到有固定的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)場所(suo)、當(dang)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)等(deng)單位，最(zui)好是(shi)選擇大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)分支機(ji)構(gou)。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)買(mai)小包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，根(gen)據自(zi)己的(de)需求選(xuan)(xuan)擇不同的(de)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)買(mai)標簽(qian)齊(qi)全的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。根(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)的(de)有關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，銷售(shou)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)應當(dang)(dang)加(jia)工(gong)、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、附(fu)有標簽(qian)，標簽(qian)應當(dang)(dang)標注作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)類別、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)稱、產(chan)地(di)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指標、檢疫證明編(bian)號(hao)、凈含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、生(sheng)產(chan)年月、生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)名(ming)稱、生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)地(di)址以及(ji)(ji)聯系方(fang)式(shi)等，主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還應當(dang)(dang)加(jia)注種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)許(xu)可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)和品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)編(bian)號(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)這樣(yang)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)便于(yu)使(shi)用(yong)者選(xuan)(xuan)擇。多(duo)數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)將標簽(qian)內容印在包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋上(shang)，農(nong)民購(gou)買(mai)時要(yao)注意(yi)查(cha)(cha)看(kan)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)符合(he)需求，經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)、生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)地(di)址及(ji)(ji)聯系方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)齊(qi)全，必(bi)要(yao)時可(ke)通(tong)過經營(ying)許(xu)可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)等信息(xi)向農(nong)業行政主(zhu)管部門(men)核實生(sheng)產(chan)商(shang)情況，通(tong)過品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)編(bian)號(hao)查(cha)(cha)詢(xun)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)買(mai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)合(he)格(ge)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，不可(ke)貪(tan)圖便宜購(gou)買(mai)不合(he)格(ge)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)購(gou)買(mai)合(he)適(shi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，尤其(qi)要(yao)注意(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)適(shi)宜當(dang)(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，要(yao)注意(yi)查(cha)(cha)看(kan)標簽(qian)中標注的(de)適(shi)宜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區域(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)本(ben)地(di)，主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應當(dang)(dang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)過的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次要(yao)少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)試驗、摸索其(qi)栽(zai)培技術及(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)應性、來(lai)年再大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。

不要買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)散裝(zhuang)種子(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)已打(da)開包裝(zhuang)的(de)種子(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)無證包裝(zhuang)的(de)種子(zi)(zi)；二是(shi)標識模糊、標注不全的(de)種子(zi)(zi)；三是(shi)走街串巷、沿(yan)街叫賣、來路不明(ming)的(de)種子(zi)(zi)；四是(shi)小廣告宣(xuan)傳新(xin)特優、郵寄的(de)種子(zi)(zi)。

購種時注意事項

一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)核實種(zhong)子(zi)經(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)證照，查(cha)看證照經(jing)營(ying)范圍與(yu)其所賣種(zhong)子(zi)是(shi)否(fou)相符；二是(shi)查(cha)看包(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)簽是(shi)否(fou)完整清(qing)(qing)晰；三是(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)發票(piao)等(deng)購(gou)(gou)(gou)種(zhong)憑據(ju)，購(gou)(gou)(gou)種(zhong)憑據(ju)要(yao)(yao)(yao)蓋有公章，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)清(qing)(qing)楚(chu)地(di)標(biao)明購(gou)(gou)(gou)買時間、品(pin)種(zhong)名稱、數量(liang)、等(deng)級、價格等(deng)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)信息(xi)，不要(yao)(yao)(yao)接受(shou)個(ge)人(ren)簽名的(de)字據(ju)或收條等(deng)；四是(shi)向經(jing)營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)子(zi)簡(jian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)性狀、主要(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使(shi)用條件的(de)說明等(deng)材料（如生產商已將此類內容印在(zai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)袋上(shang)作為標(biao)簽一部分可以不索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)）。另外，農民朋友(you)購(gou)(gou)(gou)買種(zhong)子(zi)后要(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善保存，尤(you)其是(shi)南方陰雨潮濕氣候條件下(xia)，最(zui)好放在(zai)冷(leng)涼干燥的(de)地(di)方，防止霉(mei)爛(lan)變質，特別是(shi)發芽率降低。

用種時注意事項

一是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)嚴格按(an)種(zhong)子經(jing)營者提供的(de)主要(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)說明(ming)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，要(yao)(yao)做到(dao)良種(zhong)良法配套，尤其不可隨意改變播(bo)期和使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)調節(jie)劑，以免因使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不當造(zao)成損失(shi)。近幾年(nian)接觸的(de)一些種(zhong)子案(an)件(jian)(jian)，有相當一部(bu)分是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不當引起的(de)，如有些農民為(wei)了甘藍早上(shang)市，賣上(shang)好(hao)價(jia)錢，提前播(bo)種(zhong)，結果造(zao)成抽薹，不結球，造(zao)成減產甚至絕收。二(er)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)土壤墑情等(deng)因素合(he)理確定(ding)播(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)，自己儲存時(shi)間較長(chang)(chang)的(de)種(zhong)子最好(hao)先作一下發(fa)芽試驗。三是(shi)(shi)按(an)規定(ding)處理剩余(yu)種(zhong)子，尤其包衣種(zhong)子要(yao)(yao)注意防止中毒，不可用(yong)(yong)(yong)作飼料或(huo)糧食。四是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)妥(tuo)善保存包裝袋、標簽、說明(ming)和購種(zhong)憑證等(deng)物品，以便(bian)出現(xian)事故時(shi)作為(wei)證據(ju)。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根據種(zhong)子(zi)法的規定，種(zhong)子(zi)使用中出現問題，可(ke)通(tong)過以下幾種(zhong)途徑解決：一(yi)是與種(zhong)子(zi)經營者協商；二是請求其(qi)他(ta)人或有關部門（農業局、工商局、消費者協會(hui)等）調解；三是向(xiang)仲(zhong)裁(cai)機構申請仲(zhong)裁(cai)；四是向(xiang)人民(min)法院起(qi)訴。

田(tian)間(jian)種(zhong)植的(de)莊稼(jia)出(chu)了(le)問(wen)(wen)題，可能有(you)多方面的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，除種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)外(wai)，氣候、病(bing)蟲(chong)害、栽培(pei)不(bu)當(dang)等(deng)(deng)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)都(dou)可能造(zao)成問(wen)(wen)題。因(yin)(yin)此，出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)(wen)題后首先要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)保(bao)全證據，弄清原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。向(xiang)當(dang)地農業(ye)局種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)管理站(zhan)、工商(shang)局、消費者(zhe)協會(hui)等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門投訴，提(ti)交購種(zhong)憑證和種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包裝袋(dai)等(deng)(deng)證據，請(qing)種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營者(zhe)及有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門現(xian)場(chang)(chang)考察，進行現(xian)場(chang)(chang)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)等(deng)(deng)。關(guan)于(yu)如(ru)何鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)和損失程(cheng)度，2003年(nian)農業(ye)部(bu)發布了(le)《種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量糾(jiu)紛田(tian)間(jian)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)辦法》，規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)程(cheng)序和方法，種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)管理部(bu)門會(hui)根據辦法給出(chu)一個科學的(de)結論(lun)。同時，在(zai)這里提(ti)醒廣(guang)大(da)農民朋友，為(wei)最(zui)大(da)限度地減少損失，在(zai)保(bao)全證據的(de)前提(ti)下，要(yao)積極(ji)采取補(bu)種(zhong)、加強田(tian)間(jian)管理等(deng)(deng)補(bu)救措施，切不(bu)可棄(qi)管。