舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞(wu)龍頭是福建舍族祭(ji)祖活動(dong)中(zhong)的一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)儀式,由日、月、星(xing)等組成(cheng)儀仗隊。龍頭用木(mu)雕(diao)成(cheng),涂上色彩,顯得古樸、莊嚴。祭(ji)祖時,執(zhi)龍頭者(zhe)隨著鼓(gu)點作出(chu)各種(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)作,或(huo)進或(huo)退,或(huo)舞(wu)或(huo)止,或(huo)跳或(huo)蹲(dun),有一(yi)定章法。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近(jin)年(nian)來羌(qiang)族(zu)人民對舞麻(ma)龍(long)(long)這項活動(dong)(dong)加以改進,剔(ti)去糟粕,取其精華,保留了耍(shua)花(hua)棒、龍(long)(long)鳳相會、神(shen)棍戲麻(ma)龍(long)(long)、跳神(shen)棍、麻(ma)龍(long)(long)追彩(cai)霞等套路動(dong)(dong)作。
3、舞草龍
舞草龍(long)(long)(long)是他(ta)佬族游(you)藝習(xi)俗(su)。草龍(long)(long)(long)用禾(he)稈(gan)草編成(cheng)。編織(zhi)者先編一(yi)(yi)條長長的草簾,編到(dao)最(zui)后分三個(ge)叉略往上(shang)翹起(qi),象征(zheng)“龍(long)(long)(long)尾”;把(ba)草簾的另一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)反折一(yi)(yi)層做兩個(ge)彎角(jiao)翹起(qi),形似(si)“龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”;中間每隔約2m扎(zha)一(yi)(yi)小捆橢圓形禾(he)草,串上(shang)一(yi)(yi)根竹(zhu)子做“龍(long)(long)(long)身”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省衢州市開化縣蘇莊鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)舞草(cao)(cao)龍(long)又(you)稱草(cao)(cao)龍(long)、稻(dao)草(cao)(cao)龍(long)或(huo)(huo)香龍(long)。草(cao)(cao)龍(long)捆扎(zha)(zha)以稻(dao)草(cao)(cao)搓成(cheng)粗大(da)繩索,再(zai)扎(zha)(zha)成(cheng)龍(long)首龍(long)尾,形(xing)同長龍(long),繩索上插上點(dian)燃的(de)(de)香枝。相傳(chuan)唐代便有迎草(cao)(cao)龍(long)送龍(long)神活動,一直(zhi)延傳(chuan)至今。每年中(zhong)秋之(zhi)夜,蘇莊鎮(zhen)各(ge)村農民高擎香火(huo)草(cao)(cao)龍(long),或(huo)(huo)穿梭于(yu)村中(zhong)大(da)道(dao),或(huo)(huo)起舞于(yu)曬場田(tian)野。
5、潑水龍
潑(po)水(shui)(shui)龍(long)是湖南湘(xiang)西土家族(zu)祭神求(qiu)雨的(de)儀式,一旦出現旱災,當(dang)地頭面人(ren)(ren)物就會出來組織潑(po)水(shui)(shui)龍(long),演(yan)出極其隆(long)重(zhong)。表演(yan)時有(you)龍(long)頭1個,龍(long)身9或11節,都(dou)不糊紙,不披布,只(zhi)通插(cha)柳條,取(qu)“愿得柳枝甘露水(shui)(shui)”之意,并有(you)魚、蝦(xia)、蚌、蛤等(deng)執事陪襯。表演(yan)時赤膊(bo)者(zhe)沿街舞(wu)龍(long),圍觀者(zhe)以水(shui)(shui)潑(po)之,舞(wu)龍(long)人(ren)(ren)被淋(lin)得全身濕透,以此(ci)祈(qi)求(qiu)天降(jiang)大雨,水(shui)(shui)越(yue)多則(ze)預示雨越(yue)大,故周圍村寨人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)參加。舞(wu)龍(long)和執事者(zhe)無特殊(shu)要求(qiu),但龍(long)前執龍(long)珠者(zhe)須有(you)武功,按“四門架子”、“八虎拳(quan)”、“蘇公(gong)背(bei)箭”、“猛虎跳(tiao)澗”等(deng)套路表演(yan),相沿成習。
6、香火龍
香火龍(long)(long)流傳(chuan)已久,在(zai)(zai)湖南汝城縣志早有記載,其南鄉一帶較為盛行,多在(zai)(zai)元宵(xiao)佳(jia)節舉行。表演(yan)香火龍(long)(long)時,必(bi)有兩龍(long)(long)(母龍(long)(long)和子龍(long)(long))、兩獅(shi)(母獅(shi)和子獅(shi))陪隨(sui)而舞,一獅(shi)在(zai)(zai)龍(long)(long)前引路(lu),一獅(shi)在(zai)(zai)龍(long)(long)尾跟隨(sui)。
香火(huo)龍(long)的表(biao)演(yan)程序(xu)上有:翻滾、噴水、沉(chen)(chen)海(hai)底、跳躍、吞食、睡眠等(deng)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。“沉(chen)(chen)海(hai)底”和(he)“吞食”表(biao)演(yan)技巧上難(nan)度較高。引路和(he)尾隨(sui)(sui)的兩頭獅(shi)子,除各(ge)自作(zuo)(zuo)翻滾跳躍的動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)外,還作(zuo)(zuo)些引龍(long)和(he)隨(sui)(sui)龍(long)“護駕”動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流行的(de)(de)(de)“百葉(xie)龍(long)”,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)構思、制作均極奇(qi)巧(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)。舞(wu)者手執荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈、荷(he)(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)燈、蝴(hu)蝶燈,翩(pian)(pian)翩(pian)(pian)起舞(wu)。人們(men)(men)只見朵(duo)朵(duo)盛開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),在(zai)(zai)片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)中飄移、舞(wu)動(dong),似一(yi)只美麗的(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)叢中飛翔。一(yi)段優美抒情的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者齊聚場中,突然間,一(yi)條巨龍(long)在(zai)(zai)人們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)眼前騰躍而(er)出。原來(lai)那(nei)一(yi)朵(duo)特大的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈(或聚寶(bao)盆(pen)),背面繪制的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)個輝煌壯(zhuang)麗的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)頭,朵(duo)朵(duo)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)緊緊相扣連,組(zu)成(cheng)龍(long)身,片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban),變成(cheng)龍(long)身上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)片(pian)(pian)片(pian)(pian)鱗甲,美麗的(de)(de)(de)蝴(hu)蝶成(cheng)了(le)抖擺(bai)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)尾,而(er)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)則成(cheng)了(le)朵(duo)朵(duo)白云。舞(wu)龍(long)的(de)(de)(de)姑娘們(men)(men)喜歡一(yi)塵不染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),就把天性神秘、時而(er)神形(xing)畢露。時而(er)隱身藏形(xing)、時而(er)又依附在(zai)(zai)各種(zhong)物體上(shang)招搖(yao)過市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)與荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)聯綴一(yi)體,舞(wu)起了(le)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)龍(long),讓氣吞萬(wan)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)神龍(long)平添(tian)一(yi)股嫵媚(mei)之氣。
8、燒火龍
燒火龍(long)又叫(jiao)舞火龍(long),是流傳(chuan)于廣東豐順一(yi)帶的獨特的民間傳(chuan)統項目,一(yi)般在春節和元宵夜舉行(xing)。
燒火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)的“火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)”,是用(yong)紙扎(zha)(zha)(zha)成的,長15~20米(mi),分為(wei)五節,四(si)周扎(zha)(zha)(zha)滿(man)五顏六色的鞭(bian)(bian)炮。起舞(wu)前(qian),先燃響鞭(bian)(bian)炮,以引(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)出(chu)海。然后(hou)一(yi)(yi)隊赤膊袒胸、舉著(zhu)火(huo)(huo)棍的舞(wu)火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)者(zhe),隨(sui)著(zhu)快速的鑼(luo)鼓聲(sheng)在(zai)場(chang)上(shang)(shang)快跑,反復三次,名叫(jiao)“請龍(long)(long)(long)”。接(jie)著(zhu),“火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)”出(chu)場(chang)了,它(ta)在(zai)場(chang)上(shang)(shang)繞著(zhu)大(da)圈子,先從龍(long)(long)(long)嘴中(zhong)(zhong)噴出(chu)火(huo)(huo)來,然后(hou),龍(long)(long)(long)身上(shang)(shang)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)著(zhu)的鞭(bian)(bian)炮被(bei)點燃了,從頭至尾,火(huo)(huo)光四(si)射(she),霹靂(li)連聲(sheng)。巨大(da)的龍(long)(long)(long)身就在(zai)煙(yan)火(huo)(huo)和爆響的包(bao)圍之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),上(shang)(shang)下翻(fan)飛,左右騰舞(wu),煞(sha)是好看。此時,預先準備在(zai)場(chang)上(shang)(shang)的煙(yan)花(hua)架,朝天射(she)出(chu)串串煙(yan)花(hua),五彩(cai)繽紛,摧級奪(duo)目,從而把(ba)舞(wu)火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)推向高潮(chao)。整個活(huo)動持續十多分鐘,待煙(yan)火(huo)(huo)熄滅,火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)也被(bei)燒掉了。而舞(wu)火(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)者(zhe)的胳膊上(shang)(shang)、胸脯上(shang)(shang)灼起一(yi)(yi)個個血泡(pao),以血泡(pao)最多者(zhe)為(wei)“吉(ji)利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南龍龍身厚重,風格(ge)主(zhu)攻氣勢二字,雖(sui)不夠靈活(huo),但氣勢浩大,以楊店高龍、黃陂舞龍為代表。
2、北龍
北龍較為(wei)細小和輕巧,更適(shi)于做各種花款(kuan)動(dong)作(zuo),如(ru)今(jin)在東南(nan)亞等地流行(xing)的,也(ye)是北龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞龍是甘肅(su)省酒(jiu)泉市肅(su)州區(qu)傳統舞蹈,甘肅(su)省市(州)級(ji)非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產之一(yi)。保護單位為(wei)酒(jiu)泉市肅(su)州區(qu)文(wen)化(hua)館。
龍(long)(long)舞,也稱“舞龍(long)(long)”,民間(jian)(jian)又叫“耍龍(long)(long)”“耍龍(long)(long)燈”或(huo)“舞龍(long)(long)燈”,在(zai)全國多(duo)地分布,形式品種多(duo)樣(yang)。早在(zai)商代(dai)的甲骨文(wen)(wen)中,已(yi)出現(xian)以數人集體(ti)祭龍(long)(long)求雨的文(wen)(wen)字(zi);漢代(dai)董仲(zhong)舒《春秋繁露》的記(ji)錄中已(yi)有(you)明確的有(you)關(guan)舞龍(long)(long)求雨的記(ji)載;此(ci)后歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)的詩文(wen)(wen)中記(ji)錄宮廷或(huo)民間(jian)(jian)舞龍(long)(long)的文(wen)(wen)字(zi)屢見不鮮(xian)。直至現(xian)在(zai),龍(long)(long)舞仍是民間(jian)(jian)喜慶節令場(chang)合普遍存在(zai)的舞蹈形式之(zhi)一。舞龍(long)(long)是國家級非(fei)遺(yi)代(dai)表性(xing)項(xiang)目(mu),很多(duo)地方都有(you)。