一、電纜附件是什么
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(英文名(ming)稱:Cable Accessories)是(shi)連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)與輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路及相關配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)產品(pin),一(yi)般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)路中各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)中間連接(jie)及終(zhong)端連接(jie),它與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)一(yi)起構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)送網絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件主要是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)結構的(de)(de)特性,既能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)性能(neng),又保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)長度的(de)(de)延長及終(zhong)端的(de)(de)連接(jie)。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)附(fu)件的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性可(ke)以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)、密封防潮性能(neng)、機械性能(neng)和(he)工(gong)藝性能(neng)等方面進行(xing)評(ping)判。
二、電纜附件包括什么
電(dian)纜(lan)的各種中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)和終端(duan)頭(tou)(tou),統稱(cheng)為電(dian)纜(lan)附件,常(chang)用于(yu)制作電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)和終端(duan)頭(tou)(tou)的配件有接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子、連接(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)地線、撐(cheng)板、電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)盒、電(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒等。
1、接線端子
也稱接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),通(tong)過接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)設備(bei)(bei)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)(jie)(jie)。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)材(cai)料的不(bu)同,接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)為銅(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(如:DT和(he)DTM系列銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(如:DLM系列鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))、銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(如:DTL系列銅(tong)鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))。銅(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)(jie)設備(bei)(bei)材(cai)料均為銅(tong)。當電(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)(jie)設備(bei)(bei)材(cai)料不(bu)同時(shi)要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),各種接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均有成品供(gong)應,特殊情況(kuang)下也可(ke)以單(dan)獨(du)加工。
2、連接管
用于(yu)電纜中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭的導線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)(jie),也分(fen)為銅連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan)(如(ru):GT系列銅連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan))、鋁(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan)(如(ru):GL和GLM系列鋁(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan))、銅鋁(lv)(lv)過渡(du)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan)(如(ru):GTLM系列銅鋁(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管(guan))。
3、接地線
當電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線(xian)流(liu)過(guo)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時,由于短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)往往較(jiao)大,會(hui)(hui)在金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套中(zhong)(zhong)產生(sheng)一(yi)定的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,當感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)一(yi)定值時,就能擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)內(nei)襯(chen)層,引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧,嚴(yan)重的(de)還會(hui)(hui)燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)護(hu)套。為了防止這種事(shi)故的(de)發生(sheng),必(bi)須將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)除線(xian)芯以外的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)部(bu)分連(lian)接(jie)起來并且接(jie)地。通常的(de)做(zuo)法是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)屏蔽(bi)層、鎧裝(zhuang)層、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終端頭(tou)及中(zhong)(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)外殼用導線(xian)錫(xi)焊起來并與(yu)接(jie)地網(wang)相連(lian)接(jie)。
4、撐板
在多芯電纜(lan)的中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)中(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)了保(bao)持絕緣(yuan)線芯之間(jian)及(ji)與(yu)鉛或銅套管之間(jian)的距離,保(bao)證相(xiang)間(jian)絕緣(yuan)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)便(bian)于固定安(an)裝,需要(yao)使用撐板(ban)(ban),撐板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)有(you)瓷撐板(ban)(ban)和環(huan)氧樹脂撐板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐板(ban)(ban)的選擇要(yao)與(yu)護套管相(xiang)配套。沒有(you)合適的撐板(ban)(ban)時也可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)絕緣(yuan)帶卷(juan)成小卷(juan)置于電纜(lan)芯之間(jian),以(yi)(yi)代替成撐板(ban)(ban)。
5、電纜終端盒
電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)頭的(de)(de)外殼總稱。根據不同(tong)的(de)(de)使用(yong)環(huan)境,電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)可(ke)以分為(wei)戶(hu)(hu)內終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)和戶(hu)(hu)外終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)兩種。戶(hu)(hu)內電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)一般采用(yong)尼(ni)龍、環(huan)氧樹脂或聚丙(bing)乙烯等作為(wei)材(cai)料。戶(hu)(hu)外電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)有鋁合金電(dian)纜(lan)終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)、環(huan)氧樹脂終端(duan)(duan)盒(he)等。選擇時(shi)要根據實際(ji)情況而定。
6、電纜中間接頭盒
電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)外殼稱為電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)根據使用(yong)的(de)場合和材料的(de)不同主要分為以下幾類:鉛(qian)套管式地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、玻(bo)璃鋼地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁合金電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。
三、電纜附件的種類有哪些
電纜附件的種類繁多,具有不同類型的特點及局(ju)限性,一般不能相互(hu)取代。常見的有如下(xia)幾種:
1、繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)(bao)式(shi):用制(zhi)成(cheng)的橡膠帶(dai)材(自粘性)現(xian)場繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)(bao)制(zhi)作(zuo)的電纜附件稱為繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)(bao)式(shi)電纜附件,該附件易松(song)脫、耐火性較差、壽命(ming)短。
2、澆(jiao)灌(guan)式:用熱(re)固(gu)性樹脂(zhi)作為主要材(cai)料在(zai)現場(chang)澆(jiao)灌(guan)而成,所(suo)選的(de)材(cai)料有(you)環氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)、聚氨脂(zhi)、丙烯酸脂(zhi)等,該類附件的(de)致命(ming)缺點是固(gu)化時易(yi)產生氣(qi)泡。
3、模塑(su)式:主(zhu)要(yao)用于(yu)(yu)電(dian)纜中間連接,在現場進行(xing)加(jia)模加(jia)溫,與(yu)電(dian)纜融(rong)為一(yi)體,該附件制作(zuo)工藝復(fu)雜(za)且時間長,亦不適用于(yu)(yu)終端接頭(tou)。
4、冷縮式:用(yong)硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)、三元乙丙(bing)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)等(deng)彈(dan)性體先在工(gong)廠預擴(kuo)張并(bing)加入塑料支(zhi)(zhi)撐條(tiao)而成(cheng)型(xing)。在現場(chang)(chang)施工(gong)時,抽出支(zhi)(zhi)撐條(tiao)使(shi)管材在橡(xiang)膠(jiao)固有的彈(dan)性效(xiao)應下(xia)玲收縮在電纜(lan)上(shang)而制成(cheng)電纜(lan)附(fu)件,該附(fu)件最適合于(yu)不能用(yong)明火加熱(re)的施工(gong)場(chang)(chang)所,如礦山(shan)、石油(you)化工(gong)等(deng)。
5、熱縮式:將橡塑合金制(zhi)成(cheng)具有(you)“形狀記憶效應的不同(tong)組件制(zhi)品,在現場加熱收縮在電纜上而(er)制(zhi)成(cheng)的附件。該(gai)附件具有(you)重量輕、施工簡(jian)單方(fang)便、運行可靠、價格低廉等特點。
6、預制(zhi)式(shi):用硅橡(xiang)膠(jiao)注射成不(bu)同(tong)組(zu)件(jian),一次硫化成型,僅保留(liu)接觸界(jie)面,在現場施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時插入(ru)電纜(lan)而制(zhi)成的(de)附件(jian)。該(gai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝將環境中(zhong)不(bu)可測的(de)不(bu)利(li)因素降低到最低程度,因此該(gai)附件(jian)具有巨大的(de)潛在使(shi)用價值(zhi),是交聯電纜(lan)附件(jian)的(de)發展方向(xiang),但制(zhi)造技(ji)術難度高(gao),涉及(ji)多種學科及(ji)行業(ye)。預制(zhi)式(shi)附件(jian)在電纜(lan)的(de)三叉口(kou)及(ji)屏蔽口(kou)以下的(de)安(an)裝材料(liao)仍(reng)采用熱(re)縮材料(liao),因此實際上是預制(zhi)式(shi)和熱(re)縮式(shi)的(de)組(zu)合。
四、電纜附件的作用是什么
電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)件的(de)(de)作用,就是起(qi)到(dao)一(yi)種(zhong)連接作用和穩(wen)定(ding)作用,從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓從高(gao)位(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)底端進行(xing)一(yi)定(ding),以達到(dao)一(yi)種(zhong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)狀態,使(shi)其各種(zhong)終端電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)軸應力(li)和向(xiang)(xiang)應力(li)發展一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua),從而實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)連續。
目前,在電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)施(shi)工(gong)當中,電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)主要(yao)由(you)導體、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)、護層和(he)屏蔽這(zhe)三個方(fang)面組成的(de)(de)(de),而(er)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)則是(shi)通(tong)過本身的(de)(de)(de)連接和(he)穩定的(de)(de)(de)作用,使(shi)其電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)功能得以(yi)延續(xu)。以(yi)實現(xian)導體間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)良好接觸和(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)外層的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠實施(shi),從(cong)而(er)保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性,使(shi)得人們的(de)(de)(de)生活質量不(bu)受到(dao)影響,讓社會經濟(ji)可(ke)以(yi)快速的(de)(de)(de)發展。
在進(jin)行電纜(lan)(lan)施(shi)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,電纜(lan)(lan)附件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造工藝和(he)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電氣元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造工廠存在著一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特性,而且除(chu)了要保(bao)證自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性以(yi)外,還要保(bao)證電纜(lan)(lan)附件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣性,以(yi)確(que)保(bao)在長久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電力使(shi)用中不會出現(xian)問題,而且超(chao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防水性,也(ye)可以(yi)大幅(fu)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高了電纜(lan)(lan)使(shi)用壽(shou)命。
更多電纜附件內容請查看電纜附件十大品牌。