一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文(wen)名稱：Cable Accessories）是連(lian)接電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)與輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)線路及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)配電(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)，一(yi)般指電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)線路中各種電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)中間連(lian)接及(ji)(ji)終端連(lian)接，它與電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)一(yi)起構成電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸(shu)(shu)送網絡。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)附件主要是依據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)結構的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，既(ji)能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)，又保證電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)長度(du)的(de)(de)(de)延長及(ji)(ji)終端的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接。高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)附件的(de)(de)(de)可靠性(xing)可以從(cong)電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)、密(mi)封(feng)防潮(chao)性(xing)能(neng)、機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)和(he)工(gong)藝性(xing)能(neng)等方面進(jin)行評判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用(yong)于制(zhi)作電纜(lan)中間接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)和(he)終端頭(tou)的配件(jian)有接(jie)(jie)(jie)線端子、連接(jie)(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)(jie)地線、撐板、電纜(lan)終端盒、電纜(lan)中間接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒等(deng)。

1、接線端子

也稱接(jie)(jie)線鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，通(tong)過(guo)接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線與設備(bei)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)相(xiang)連接(jie)(jie)。根據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線材(cai)料的(de)不同，接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)分為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DT和DTM系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DLM系列(lie)(lie)鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過(guo)渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DTL系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線與所接(jie)(jie)設備(bei)材(cai)料均為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)。當電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線與所接(jie)(jie)設備(bei)材(cai)料不同時(shi)要采用銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過(guo)渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，各種接(jie)(jie)線鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)均有成品供(gong)應，特殊情(qing)況下也可(ke)以單獨加(jia)工。

2、連接管

用于電纜中間接(jie)頭的導線連接(jie)，也分為銅(tong)連接(jie)管（如：GT系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)連接(jie)管）、鋁連接(jie)管（如：GL和GLM系(xi)列(lie)鋁連接(jie)管）、銅(tong)鋁過渡連接(jie)管（如：GTLM系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)鋁連接(jie)管）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導線(xian)流過短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi)，由(you)于短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流往(wang)往(wang)較大，會(hui)在(zai)金屬(shu)(shu)護(hu)套中(zhong)產生一定的(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過一定值時(shi)(shi)，就能(neng)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)內襯層，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，嚴重(zhong)的(de)還會(hui)燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)護(hu)套。為了防(fang)止這種事故的(de)發生，必須(xu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)除線(xian)芯以外的(de)金屬(shu)(shu)部分(fen)連接(jie)起(qi)來并且接(jie)地(di)。通常的(de)做法是(shi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)金屬(shu)(shu)護(hu)套、金屬(shu)(shu)屏蔽層、鎧裝層、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端頭及(ji)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭的(de)金屬(shu)(shu)外殼用導線(xian)錫焊起(qi)來并與接(jie)地(di)網相(xiang)連接(jie)。

4、撐板

在多芯(xin)電(dian)纜的(de)中間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)中，為了保(bao)持(chi)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)及與(yu)鉛或(huo)銅套管之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)距(ju)離，保(bao)證相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及便于固定安裝(zhuang)，需要使(shi)用撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主要有瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環(huan)氧樹脂撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)選擇(ze)要與(yu)護套管相(xiang)配套。沒有合(he)適(shi)的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可以(yi)將絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)帶(dai)卷(juan)成小卷(juan)置于電(dian)纜芯(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，以(yi)代替成撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)頭的外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)總稱。根(gen)據(ju)不同的使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)境，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)可以分為戶(hu)內終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)和戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)兩種(zhong)。戶(hu)內電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)一般采(cai)用(yong)尼龍、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂或聚丙乙烯等作為材料。戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)有(you)鋁合(he)金(jin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)等。選擇(ze)時要根(gen)據(ju)實際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)根據使用的(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)和材料的(de)(de)不同主要分為(wei)以下幾(ji)類：鉛(qian)套(tao)管式地下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、玻璃(li)鋼地下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、鑄鋁(lv)合(he)金電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。