一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英(ying)文(wen)名稱：Cable Accessories）是連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)輸配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路及相關(guan)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)產品，一般(ban)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線路中各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)中間連接(jie)及終端(duan)連接(jie)，它與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一起構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸送網絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)主(zhu)要是依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構的(de)特性(xing)(xing)，既能(neng)恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，又保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長度的(de)延長及終端(duan)的(de)連接(jie)。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)可(ke)以(yi)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、密封防(fang)潮(chao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、機械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等方面(mian)進行(xing)評(ping)判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制作電纜(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭和終端(duan)頭的配(pei)件有接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端(duan)子、連接(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)地線(xian)、撐板、電纜(lan)終端(duan)盒、電纜(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也稱接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與設備端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。根據電纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)材(cai)料的不(bu)同，接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DT和DTM系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DLM系(xi)列(lie)鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DTL系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)于電纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與所接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)設備材(cai)料均(jun)為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。當電纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與所接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)設備材(cai)料不(bu)同時要采用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各(ge)種接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)有成品供應(ying)，特殊(shu)情況下也可以單獨加工(gong)。

2、連接管

用于電纜中間接頭的導線連接，也分(fen)為銅連接管（如：GT系列銅連接管）、鋁連接管（如：GL和GLM系列鋁連接管）、銅鋁過渡連接管（如：GTLM系列銅鋁連接管）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)纜導線流過(guo)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流時(shi)，由于短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流往往較大，會在金屬護套(tao)中產(chan)生一定的(de)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓，當感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)一定值時(shi)，就能擊穿電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)內襯層(ceng)，引起電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)，嚴重的(de)還會燒壞電(dian)(dian)纜護套(tao)。為(wei)了防止(zhi)這種事故(gu)的(de)發生，必須將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜線路(lu)中除(chu)線芯以外(wai)的(de)金屬部分連接(jie)(jie)起來并且接(jie)(jie)地。通(tong)常的(de)做法是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)金屬護套(tao)、金屬屏蔽層(ceng)、鎧裝(zhuang)層(ceng)、電(dian)(dian)纜終端(duan)頭及中間接(jie)(jie)頭的(de)金屬外(wai)殼用導線錫焊起來并與接(jie)(jie)地網相連接(jie)(jie)。

4、撐板

在(zai)多(duo)芯(xin)電(dian)纜的(de)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭中(zhong)，為了保(bao)(bao)持(chi)絕緣線(xian)芯(xin)之間(jian)及(ji)與(yu)鉛或銅套(tao)管(guan)之間(jian)的(de)距離，保(bao)(bao)證相間(jian)絕緣以及(ji)便于(yu)固定(ding)安裝，需要(yao)使用撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主要(yao)有(you)瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)選(xuan)擇要(yao)與(yu)護套(tao)管(guan)相配套(tao)。沒有(you)合適的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可(ke)以將絕緣帶卷成小卷置于(yu)電(dian)纜芯(xin)之間(jian)，以代替成撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒是電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)頭(tou)的外(wai)殼總(zong)稱。根據(ju)不同的使用環(huan)境(jing)，電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒可以分為(wei)戶(hu)內終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒和戶(hu)外(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒兩(liang)種(zhong)。戶(hu)內電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒一般采(cai)用尼(ni)龍、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)或聚丙(bing)乙烯等作為(wei)材料。戶(hu)外(wai)電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒有鋁合(he)金電(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒等。選(xuan)擇時(shi)要根據(ju)實際情(qing)況而定(ding)。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)的外殼稱為電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)根據使用(yong)的場合和材料的不同(tong)主要分(fen)為以下幾(ji)類：鉛套(tao)管式(shi)地下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、玻(bo)璃鋼地下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)、鑄鋁合金(jin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)盒(he)(he)(he)。