國(guo)家(jia)獎學(xue)(xue)金(jin)由中央政府出資設立,用來獎勵(li)在德、智、體(ti)、美等方(fang)面全(quan)面發展的優(you)秀學(xue)(xue)生。此前,國(guo)家(jia)獎學(xue)(xue)金(jin)只(zhi)限于普通本科高(gao)校(xiao)、高(gao)等職業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)和高(gao)等專科學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)等高(gao)等教育領域。如今,中等職業(ye)(ye)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)將設國(guo)家(jia)獎學(xue)(xue)金(jin),對于推動中等職業(ye)(ye)教育發展的意義重大而深遠。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育擔負著(zhu)培養數以億計高(gao)素質勞動(dong)者(zhe)的重(zhong)要任務,是經(jing)濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)的重(zhong)要基礎。近年(nian)來,國家先(xian)后出(chu)臺一(yi)系列政策措施,完善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學校(xiao)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)經(jing)費標準,實施中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育免除學雜費,但中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育發(fa)展(zhan)依然相對緩慢。2018年(nian)全(quan)國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育共(gong)有(you)學校(xiao)1.03萬所(suo),招生559.41萬人(ren)(ren),在(zai)校(xiao)生1551.84萬人(ren)(ren),與上(shang)年(nian)相比均(jun)有(you)所(suo)下降。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育招生占高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)階段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育招生的比例為41.37%,距(ju)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)階段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)普比1∶1的要求有(you)一(yi)定差距(ju)。

中(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展緩慢(man),主要源于“重普通高(gao)中(zhong),輕中(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)”的(de)觀念誤(wu)區。一(yi)些(xie)地方政府只看(kan)到普通教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)為升學服務的(de)功(gong)能,忽視了經濟(ji)社會發展對于職(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)需求(qiu),對中(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)重視、缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)思(si)路(lu)、缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)力度、缺(que)乏(fa)(fa)進(jin)度。在社會層面而言,中(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)地位不(bu)(bu)高(gao)、聲譽不(bu)(bu)佳(jia),中(zhong)職(zhi)學校(xiao)成為低于普通中(zhong)學的(de)“二流(liu)學校(xiao)”,中(zhong)職(zhi)生(sheng)也成為“差(cha)等生(sheng)”的(de)代名詞。一(yi)些(xie)家長寧愿(yuan)花錢(qian)讓孩(hai)子上(shang)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)高(gao)中(zhong),也不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)讓孩(hai)子去中(zhong)職(zhi)學校(xiao)。一(yi)些(xie)中(zhong)職(zhi)學校(xiao)的(de)學生(sheng)也往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)自(zi)認為是失敗者,容(rong)易滋生(sheng)混日子、自(zi)暴(bao)自(zi)棄的(de)思(si)想。

在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)背景下,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業學校(xiao)(xiao)設(she)立(li)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)導向意(yi)義。與國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)助學金(jin)(jin)(jin)相(xiang)比,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)更(geng)(geng)突(tu)出一(yi)個“獎(jiang)(jiang)”字,體現了(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)對于中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)肯定和(he)(he)鼓勵,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)民(min)教(jiao)育(yu)體系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)地位。設(she)立(li)獎(jiang)(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)所傳遞(di)出的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)意(yi)志(zhi),必(bi)將推動更(geng)(geng)多地方政府(fu)和(he)(he)教(jiao)育(yu)部門提高(gao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視程度(du)和(he)(he)投入(ru)力度(du),切實承擔起(qi)加快中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)發展的(de)責任。同時(shi),也在(zai)(zai)社會(hui)層面(mian)為中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)“正(zheng)名”,中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)不再(zai)是“二等公(gong)民(min)”,而是可以和(he)(he)普(pu)通本(ben)科高(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)、高(gao)等職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業學校(xiao)(xiao)等相(xiang)提并論,共同承擔培養人才的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)使(shi)命。與獎(jiang)(jiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)本(ben)身相(xiang)比,學生和(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)長更(geng)(geng)看(kan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獲得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)榮(rong)譽。中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學校(xiao)(xiao)設(she)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin),無疑將引領(ling)廣大(da)(da)公(gong)眾重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新審視中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu),在(zai)(zai)求學時(shi)作出適合自己的(de)選擇,在(zai)(zai)入(ru)學后能夠“留得(de)下,學得(de)進(jin),早成才”。

此外(wai),中職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校設國家獎學(xue)金,還可以起到“四兩撥千斤(jin)”的作用,加快民(min)辦中職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校發(fa)展。今年的政府工(gong)作報告專門提到了“支持企(qi)業和(he)社會力(li)量興辦職(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)”。這顯然不是一句(ju)簡(jian)單的口號,必須通過完善激(ji)勵(li)機(ji)制(zhi),激(ji)發(fa)社會各界(jie)特別是行業企(qi)業興辦和(he)參與職(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)的內生動力(li)。除了教(jiao)育(yu)費附(fu)加減免等政策手(shou)段外(wai),在(zai)中職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校設國家獎學(xue)金同樣可以成為國家大力(li)發(fa)展職(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)的風向標,吸引嗅覺靈敏的民(min)間資本聞風而動。