中國神話

盤古神話,西王母神話

神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)人(ren)類早期(qi)歷史的活化石(shi)，是(shi)人(ren)類各共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)集體(ti)(ti)創造(zao)、代代相承的一(yi)種以超自然形象(xiang)為主(zhu)人(ren)公、以特定(ding)宗教信(xin)仰(yang)為內(nei)核并(bing)為其服(fu)務(wu)的神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圣(sheng)敘事。它既是(shi)一(yi)種經典性(xing)的文(wen)學(xue)體(ti)(ti)裁，也是(shi)遠古(gu)(gu)人(ren)類的知識體(ti)(ti)系和信(xin)仰(yang)體(ti)(ti)系。中國(guo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)指古(gu)(gu)往今來生(sheng)活于這片土地(di)之上的各個民族創造(zao)的全部神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的集合。按照其表現的內(nei)容可(ke)分為六大(da)類：宇(yu)宙起(qi)源神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、人(ren)類起(qi)源神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、洪水再生(sheng)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)和其他災難神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、族群(qun)起(qi)源神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、文(wen)化發明神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、戰(zhan)爭神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。其中，盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、邵原神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)群(qun)（盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)開(kai)天(tian)辟(pi)地(di)、女媧摶土造(zao)人(ren)、女媧煉石(shi)補(bu)天(tian)、軒轅祭(ji)天(tian)與(yu)戰(zhan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)蚩(chi)尤、伏羲(xi)演八(ba)卦、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)農(nong)嘗百(bai)草播五(wu)谷、顓頊與(yu)共(gong)工、大(da)禹治水）、西王母神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)等神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)(hua)(hua)被列入中國(guo)非物質文(wen)化遺產名錄。

民間傳說

梁祝傳說,白蛇傳傳說,牛郎織女傳說,孟姜女傳說

民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是圍繞客觀實(shi)在物(wu)(wu)(wu)，運用(yong)文(wen)學表現(xian)手法和歷史(shi)表達方式構建出(chu)來(lai)的(de)，具(ju)有(you)審美意味的(de)散(san)文(wen)體口頭敘(xu)事文(wen)學。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)往(wang)往(wang)是歷史(shi)上(shang)實(shi)有(you)的(de)，在敘(xu)述該人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)活動時，敘(xu)述者往(wang)往(wang)用(yong)親(qin)眼所見、親(qin)耳(er)所聞來(lai)加重(zhong)其內容的(de)可信性。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)分為(wei)：人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、史(shi)事傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、地方風物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、風俗傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五(wu)大(da)類(lei)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)對人(ren)類(lei)文(wen)化多樣性文(wen)明發展(zhan)有(you)巨大(da)貢獻，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)化中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一顆璀(cui)璨明珠。作為(wei)民(min)眾生活文(wen)化重(zhong)要組成部分的(de)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，不僅以它特有(you)的(de)方式保存民(min)眾的(de)歷史(shi)，而且在大(da)力發展(zhan)旅游事業的(de)今(jin)天，民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)仍(reng)然(ran)能夠發揮重(zhong)要的(de)作用(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梁祝傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、白蛇傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、牛郎織女(nv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、孟姜女(nv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)四大(da)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，也是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)非物(wu)(wu)(wu)質文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有(you)代(dai)表性的(de)民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。

民間故事

走馬鎮民間故事,伍家溝民間故事

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)廣大民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾創作(zuo)并傳承的(de)反映(ying)人(ren)類社會(hui)生活以(yi)及民(min)(min)(min)(min)眾理(li)想(xiang)愿(yuan)望的(de)口頭(tou)文(wen)(wen)學作(zuo)品。自20世紀90年代以(yi)來，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集成》各省(sheng)卷(juan)開始陸續出(chu)(chu)版，至目前(qian)已全(quan)部出(chu)(chu)齊。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簡要分(fen)為四(si)大門類：幻想(xiang)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、生活故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)笑話(hua)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)寓(yu)言。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)幻想(xiang)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)一(yi)半，如田螺姑娘、神筆、猴子撈月、稻草人(ren)等。在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)分(fen)布范圍極(ji)廣，每個地區(qu)都有諸(zhu)多(duo)著名的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。為此在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)非物質文(wen)(wen)化遺產名錄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也將一(yi)些(xie)極(ji)具代表(biao)性的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地區(qu)及著名民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)講述家(jia)，列(lie)入了(le)保(bao)護范圍。如走馬(ma)鎮民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(走馬(ma)鎮工農(nong)村被列(lie)為“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)村”)、伍家(jia)溝民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、譚振山民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、滿族(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、錫伯(bo)族(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、回(hui)族(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鄂(e)溫克族(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)(jian)故(gu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。

中國英雄史詩

格薩爾,瑪納斯,江格爾

史(shi)(shi)詩是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種古老而(er)源(yuan)遠流長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)韻體(ti)敘(xu)事文(wen)(wen)(wen)學樣(yang)式，一(yi)(yi)種專門描寫(xie)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)起源(yuan)、民族(zu)(zu)(zu)遷(qian)(qian)徙、民族(zu)(zu)(zu)戰爭、民族(zu)(zu)(zu)英雄(xiong)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)朽業績等傳說的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)篇民間敘(xu)事詩，是(shi)原始社(she)會(hui)或奴隸社(she)會(hui)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)形象化記載，是(shi)“詩性的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)”，可以(yi)視為某(mou)一(yi)(yi)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)早期生活的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)科全書(shu)。中國史(shi)(shi)詩的(de)(de)(de)主要類別(bie)有創世史(shi)(shi)詩、遷(qian)(qian)徙史(shi)(shi)詩、英雄(xiong)史(shi)(shi)詩，其中中國少數(shu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)三大史(shi)(shi)詩——藏族(zu)(zu)(zu)《格薩(sa)爾》、蒙古族(zu)(zu)(zu)《江(jiang)格爾》和(he)柯爾克孜族(zu)(zu)(zu)《瑪納斯(si)》，是(shi)公認的(de)(de)(de)中國偉大英雄(xiong)史(shi)(shi)詩，已經引起國內外廣泛的(de)(de)(de)關注。《格薩(sa)（斯(si)）爾》《江(jiang)格爾》《瑪納斯(si)》均被(bei)列入第一(yi)(yi)批(pi)國家級非物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺產(chan)代表性項目(mu)名(ming)錄，其中，《瑪納斯(si)》和(he)《格薩(sa)（斯(si)）爾》被(bei)列入聯合國教科文(wen)(wen)(wen)組織《保護非物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺產(chan)公約》人類非物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺產(chan)代表作名(ming)錄。

童謠

北京童謠,閩南童謠,納西族童謠

童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)，也被稱(cheng)作兒(er)歌，指傳唱于(yu)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之口(kou)的(de)(de)沒有樂譜的(de)(de)歌謠(yao)(yao)，是(shi)流傳于(yu)全國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地的(de)(de)一種由特殊(shu)(shu)群(qun)體念唱、傳播(bo)，具(ju)有特殊(shu)(shu)意(yi)義的(de)(de)民(min)(min)謠(yao)(yao)種類。童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)已(yi)有千(qian)(qian)年的(de)(de)歷(li)史，歷(li)朝官修(xiu)正史及雜傳、筆記(ji)、小說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)不乏童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)。童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)主(zhu)要有書面、口(kou)頭兩種傳承(cheng)方式，其語言淺顯易(yi)懂，內容樸實(shi)自(zi)然，是(shi)民(min)(min)間文(wen)學(xue)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)優秀代(dai)表。童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)積淀了優秀的(de)(de)民(min)(min)族文(wen)化，蘊(yun)涵著(zhu)豐富的(de)(de)教育內容。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)北(bei)(bei)京童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)、閩南(nan)童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)、紹興童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)、納西族童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)入(ru)選(xuan)國(guo)(guo)家級非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產名錄(lu)，長沙童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)等被列入(ru)湖南(nan)省(sheng)級非(fei)遺項目(mu)名錄(lu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，北(bei)(bei)京童(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)謠(yao)(yao)表現了各(ge)時期北(bei)(bei)京的(de)(de)城市性(xing)格(ge)和北(bei)(bei)京人的(de)(de)思想感(gan)情，承(cheng)載著(zhu)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)幾千(qian)(qian)年的(de)(de)歷(li)史，代(dai)表作有《東直(zhi)門掛著(zhu)匾》《大頭兒(er)大》《一園青菜(cai)成(cheng)了精》《過水面》《風婆婆》《金(jin)箍(gu)嚕棒》等。

諺語

滬諺,陜北民諺

諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)千百年來流傳在(zai)人民(min)大眾口頭(tou)上(shang)相對固定(ding)成型而短小精(jing)煉(lian)的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)句，以(yi)極其簡單(dan)和通俗易懂的(de)(de)言(yan)辭說明(ming)一個深刻的(de)(de)道理，是(shi)中國民(min)間文(wen)學重要組成部分(fen)，也是(shi)中華民(min)族寶貴的(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)之一。諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)反映了勞動人民(min)的(de)(de)生活實(shi)踐經驗，口語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)性強，通俗易懂，反映的(de)(de)內容涉及(ji)社會生活的(de)(de)各(ge)個方(fang)面。諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)按類(lei)型可以(yi)分(fen)為生活諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、農業諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、風土諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、時政諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。據Maigoo小編(bian)了解，諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)（滬(hu)諺(yan)）入選(xuan)第三批(pi)國家級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄，諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)（陜(shan)北民(min)諺(yan)）入選(xuan)第四批(pi)國家級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄，諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)（哈薩克族諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)）入選(xuan)第五批(pi)國家級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄，還有部分(fen)地級(ji)市諺(yan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)入選(xuan)省市級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄。

歌謠

劉三姐歌謠,苗族古歌,土家族哭嫁歌

民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，是民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)文學體裁(cai)之一(yi)，是篇幅短小，以(yi)抒情(qing)為主的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)詩歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)總稱，也(ye)是中國民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)文學重要組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)。歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)“民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)”和“民(min)(min)(min)(min)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”兩部分(fen)(fen)構成(cheng)，按(an)內容(rong)分(fen)(fen)，有(you)(you)苦歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、情(qing)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、盤歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、風俗歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、節令歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)，按(an)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)，有(you)(you)藏族(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)。歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)口(kou)頭創作，最貼近生活，直接(jie)表達了人民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)思想(xiang)感情(qing)和意志(zhi)愿望，在文學史上有(you)(you)重要意義。中國非(fei)遺民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中，有(you)(you)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、劉三姐歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、布依族(zu)(zu)(zu)盤歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、土家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)梯(ti)瑪歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)嘹歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、土家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)哭嫁歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、仫佬族(zu)(zu)(zu)古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)具(ju)有(you)(you)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)特色(se)的(de)(de)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，還有(you)(you)吳歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、酉陽古歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、常山(shan)喝(he)彩歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、雷州歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等(deng)地方特色(se)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，這些(xie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)謠(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)都入選國家(jia)級(ji)非(fei)物質文化(hua)遺產名錄。

民間謎語

澄海燈謎,青林寺謎語

謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)源自中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古代民(min)間(jian)，是帶有知識性和趣味性的(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)韻文(wen)(wen)作品，也是一種和游戲娛樂分(fen)不(bu)開的(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)口頭語(yu)言藝術，歷經數千年(nian)的(de)(de)演(yan)變和發展，是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古代勞(lao)動人民(min)集(ji)體智(zhi)慧創造的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)產(chan)物，也是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分(fen)。謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)根(gen)據謎(mi)(mi)底(di)所反(fan)映的(de)(de)事(shi)物性質和對象，一般分(fen)為(wei)三大(da)類：物謎(mi)(mi)、事(shi)謎(mi)(mi)、字謎(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)歷經數千年(nian)的(de)(de)演(yan)變、發展、完善才(cai)形成(cheng)現今的(de)(de)體系格局，成(cheng)為(wei)廣大(da)人民(min)喜聞樂見的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)學形式(shi)，并流(liu)傳至今。謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)（澄海燈(deng)謎(mi)(mi)）入選第二批國家級(ji)非物質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄，青林寺謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)入選第一批國家級(ji)非物質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名(ming)錄。此外(wai)，青林寺村被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)協命名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國謎(mi)(mi)語(yu)村”，澄海被文(wen)(wen)化(hua)部命名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)燈(deng)謎(mi)(mi)藝術之鄉”。

民間敘事長詩

孔雀東南飛,阿詩瑪

民(min)間(jian)敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)長(chang)詩(shi)是民(min)間(jian)文學體裁之一，為(wei)一種具(ju)(ju)有(you)比較完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)情節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)韻(yun)文或散韻(yun)結合的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)詩(shi)歌，也是中國民(min)間(jian)文學的(de)(de)(de)重要組成部分。民(min)間(jian)敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)長(chang)詩(shi)是人民(min)群眾集(ji)體創作、口頭流(liu)傳(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)以第三(san)人稱(cheng)進行敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)完(wan)整故事(shi)情節(jie)并注重人物刻(ke)畫的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)篇韻(yun)文或韻(yun)散相間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)歌作品，也稱(cheng)“故事(shi)歌”或“故事(shi)詩(shi)”。在中國非(fei)遺項目中，也產生(sheng)了很多國家級非(fei)遺民(min)間(jian)敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)詩(shi)，如云南石林彝族敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)長(chang)詩(shi)《阿詩(shi)瑪(ma)》、甘肅米(mi)東《米(mi)拉尕黑》、青海(hai)互助土族民(min)間(jian)敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)長(chang)詩(shi)《祁家延西》、云南西雙(shuang)版納傣(dai)族《召樹屯與(yu)喃(nan)木諾娜》等，還有(you)聞(wen)名遐(xia)邇的(de)(de)(de)《孔雀東南飛》《木蘭辭》，為(wei)我國古代民(min)間(jian)敘(xu)(xu)(xu)事(shi)長(chang)詩(shi)中璀璨耀眼的(de)(de)(de)“雙(shuang)子星座”。

民間說唱

寶卷

民(min)間(jian)(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)是(shi)(shi)以說(shuo)(shuo)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)唱(chang)的(de)(de)(de)形式來(lai)敷演(yan)(yan)故(gu)(gu)事或(huo)(huo)刻畫人(ren)物形象的(de)(de)(de)口頭文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)作(zuo)品，也(ye)叫說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)部(bu)分。民(min)間(jian)(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)同(tong)民(min)間(jian)(jian)曲藝(yi)既(ji)有密(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，又有明顯的(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)(bie)，不同(tong)于民(min)間(jian)(jian)曲藝(yi)，民(min)間(jian)(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)側(ce)重于文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)方面，主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)從文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)角度探討作(zuo)為(wei)曲藝(yi)表演(yan)(yan)底本的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成(cheng)與(yu)特(te)點(dian)，屬于民(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)范疇(chou)。民(min)間(jian)(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)從內(nei)容和形式上，分為(wei)唱(chang)故(gu)(gu)事、說(shuo)(shuo)故(gu)(gu)事、說(shuo)(shuo)笑話三個類別(bie)(bie)。我國民(min)間(jian)(jian)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)歷史悠(you)久，形成(cheng)了富有民(min)族(zu)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)傳統。在中(zhong)國非(fei)(fei)遺保護(hu)中(zhong)，說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以曲藝(yi)或(huo)(huo)者民(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)義(yi)進入(ru)到各級(ji)非(fei)(fei)遺名(ming)錄當中(zhong)，其中(zhong)，河西寶(bao)卷(juan)、靖江(jiang)寶(bao)卷(juan)、吳地(di)寶(bao)卷(juan)、岷縣寶(bao)卷(juan)、楊家將說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)等入(ru)選(xuan)國家級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產名(ming)錄，成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國非(fei)(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產重要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分。尤其是(shi)(shi)寶(bao)卷(juan)，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)綜(zong)合文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、音樂(le)、表演(yan)(yan)于一體的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)唱(chang)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，被稱(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國俗文(wen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)“活化(hua)石”。

榜單聲明：中國十大非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產的民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)學排(pai)(pai)行(xing)榜(bang)，是Maigoo小編(bian)主要依(yi)據國內國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產之民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)學的歷史、藝術、科學價值、傳(chuan)承情況以(yi)及(ji)在國內地區的影響力等因素進行(xing)選擇，參(can)考(kao)(kao)(kao)聯合(he)國教科文(wen)(wen)(wen)組(zu)織評選的《人類非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產代表作名(ming)錄》和國務院批(pi)準并(bing)公布的國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產名(ming)錄，并(bing)綜合(he)參(can)考(kao)(kao)(kao)互(hu)聯網相關排(pai)(pai)行(xing)榜(bang)/榜(bang)單(dan)進行(xing)推薦，名(ming)單(dan)僅供參(can)考(kao)(kao)(kao)，排(pai)(pai)名(ming)不分先后，歡迎(ying)大家(jia)在評論(lun)區留言補(bu)充。