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【鋰電池百科】鋰電池的充電方法 如何保養鋰電池

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導語

人(ren)們(men)常(chang)將鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)稱為鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),實際上,這兩者(zhe)嚴格上來(lai)說是(shi)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是(shi)以金屬鋰(li)(li)(li)做(zuo)負(fu)極活性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)總稱,它(ta)一(yi)般指的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)次鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),不(bu)可進行循環充電(dian)(dian),且易產生枝(zhi)晶引起(qi)爆炸(zha),因此(ci)(ci)很少應用于日常(chang)電(dian)(dian)子產品。但隨著鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)運用越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣泛(fan),鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)概念不(bu)斷被模糊(hu),因此(ci)(ci)人(ren)們(men)便將鋰(li)(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)稱為鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。接(jie)下來(lai)就和小編一(yi)起(qi)來(lai)看看鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)百科(ke)吧(ba)。

  • 鋰電池品牌
  • 鋰電池網購
  • 目錄
    鋰電池是什么
    鋰電池怎么充電
    鋰電池的壽命
    鋰電池會爆炸嗎
    鋰電池的優缺點
    鋰電池的保養方法
    鋰電池如何選購
    鋰電池什么牌子好
    1
    鋰電池是什么
    鋰電池

    隨(sui)(sui)著科學技術(shu)的發(fa)展,現在鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池類產品已(yi)經成為了主流。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池是一類由鋰(li)(li)金屬或鋰(li)(li)合(he)金為負極材(cai),使用(yong)非水電(dian)(dian)解質溶液制(zhi)作而成的電(dian)(dian)池,大致(zhi)可分為鋰(li)(li)金屬電(dian)(dian)池和鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池這兩(liang)種(zhong)類別。在文獻和現實生活中,鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池和鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池是互相區(qu)別而又有繼承和發(fa)展關系的一對概念(nian),而隨(sui)(sui)著鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池的運用(yong)越來越廣泛,人們(men)便普(pu)遍將鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池稱為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池。

    鋰(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最早于1912年出(chu)并研究,也(ye)可稱為(wei)鋰(li)原(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),它是一(yi)種一(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),主要有鋰(li)錳,鋰(li)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等等。鋰(li)金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以連(lian)續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),也(ye)可以間歇放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),一(yi)旦(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能耗盡便不(bu)能再用(yong),不(bu)可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)容易引起爆(bao)炸。

    鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池是指(zhi)以兩種不同的,能夠可逆的,嵌入和(he)(he)脫嵌鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)的嵌鋰(li)(li)(li)化合(he)物(wu)分別(bie)作為電(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)(he)負(fu)極(ji)的二次(ci)電(dian)池體系,鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池可循環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池和(he)(he)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池的相同點是在正(zheng)極(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)解質上,兩種電(dian)池都(dou)采用金(jin)屬氧化物(wu)和(he)(he)硫化物(wu)作為正(zheng)極(ji),而以有機溶劑或(huo)無機鹽體系作為電(dian)解質。

    2
    鋰電池怎么充電

    一、新電池充電

    新電池(chi)一(yi)般要激活(huo),電池(chi)放(fang)置一(yi)段時(shi)間后(hou),會(hui)進(jin)入休(xiu)眠狀(zhuang)態,此(ci)時(shi)容(rong)量低于正常值,使用時(shi)間亦隨(sui)之縮短,因此(ci)需要激活(huo)。鋰電池(chi)激活(huo)方法非常簡單,只(zhi)要經過3—5次正常的充放(fang)電循環就(jiu)可激活(huo)電池(chi),恢復正常容(rong)量。

    二、舊電池充電

    1、充電方法

    舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是指已經(jing)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多次(ci)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),而不是報廢的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽(shou)命與充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)無關,它沒(mei)(mei)有記憶效(xiao)應,不論你怎么充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),都不會影響充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)(shu)。因此不要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用到(dao)完全沒(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)才去(qu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),最(zui)好是當你能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),就(jiu)盡量把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)飽,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間以2-3小(xiao)時(shi)以內為宜(yi),當然你也(ye)不一定非要充(chong)滿。

    2、充電電壓

    鋰電(dian)池(chi)安全(quan)工作電(dian)壓范(fan)圍(wei)是2.8到4.2V,低(di)于或高(gao)于這個(ge)電(dian)壓范(fan)圍(wei),電(dian)池(chi)中的鋰離子(zi)變得非常不(bu)穩定(ding),甚至造成事故。為保證電(dian)池(chi)處于安全(quan)范(fan)圍(wei),因此(ci)需要專(zhuan)門的充電(dian)器(qi)。這些充電(dian)器(qi)會自動根據電(dian)池(chi)當前(qian)狀態而調整(zheng)充電(dian)方式。

    3、充電工具

    鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi),它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)障充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安(an)全性。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工作時(shi),以(yi)恒定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao),充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)同時(shi)提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,以(yi)加(jia)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)到達4.2V截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)候,此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)大約僅沖入70%左右的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(并(bing)未飽滿)。此(ci)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)即(ji)以(yi)恒定(ding)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,逐漸變小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),當值至小于(yu)0.1A充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)仍然檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓繼續(xu)升(sheng)高(gao)時(shi)候才停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

    4、定期充電

    長期不用的鋰電池,應該以半電狀態,存放在陰涼偏干燥的地方。滿電存放有危險,且電池會有損害,而無電存放,電池可能會被破壞,從而失去作用。在存放過程中,每隔3--6個月,要完成一個充電周期,做一次電量校準。【詳細>>】

    3
    鋰電池的壽命

    鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般能(neng)夠(gou)完全充(chong)放300-500個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi),超過(guo)這(zhe)個次(ci)數(shu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不能(neng)用(yong)了,當然,這(zhe)只能(neng)作為(wei)參考。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu)無(wu)關,與(yu)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的周(zhou)期(qi)有(you)關,也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是從零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)到滿(man)(man)(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的次(ci)數(shu)。一(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量由滿(man)(man)(man)用(yong)到空,再由空充(chong)到滿(man)(man)(man)的過(guo)程,這(zhe)并不等同(tong)于(yu)充(chong)一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。比如(ru)(ru)說,一(yi)塊鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)在第一(yi)天只用(yong)了一(yi)半的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量,然后又為(wei)它充(chong)滿(man)(man)(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)果第二天還(huan)如(ru)(ru)此,即用(yong)一(yi)半就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)充(chong),總共兩(liang)次(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)下來,這(zhe)只能(neng)算作一(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期(qi),而不是兩(liang)個。

    在日常生活中,通常可能要經過好幾次充電才完成一個周期。每完成一個充電周期,電池容量就會減少一點。不過,這個電量減少幅度非常小,高品質的電池充過多次周期后,仍然會保留原始容量的80%,很多鋰電供電產品在經過兩三年后仍然照常使用。當然,鋰電壽命到了最終后仍是需要更換的。【詳細>>】

    4
    鋰電池會爆炸嗎

    鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能會(hui)(hui)爆(bao)炸(zha),其爆(bao)炸(zha)原因(yin)有很多,可(ke)大致歸(gui)類(lei)為外部短(duan)路、內部短(duan)路、及過充三種。正常(chang)情況(kuang)下,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的兩(liang)(liang)極本身是絕對(dui)不會(hui)(hui)接觸的,因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠商會(hui)(hui)在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)極之間放置隔膜。

    質量(liang)好的(de)隔膜紙,在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部溫度較高時,會(hui)將細孔關閉,將電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應終(zhong)止,使(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)驟降,溫度也慢(man)慢(man)下降,從而(er)避免爆炸發(fa)生。但如果在各種(zhong)(zhong)因素的(de)影(ying)響下,導致隔膜破裂,那么電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)里所有的(de)能量(liang)都會(hui)涌(yong)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye),而(er)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)本身(shen)就(jiu)是一種(zhong)(zhong)不太穩定的(de)化(hua)學(xue)物(wu)質,承受太多能量(liang)之后(hou),就(jiu)大量(liang)發(fa)熱(re),乃至起火爆炸。

    5
    鋰電池的優缺點

    鋰電池優(you)點

    1、鋰電池(chi)電壓(ya)平(ping)臺高,單體電池(chi)的(de)平(ping)均電壓(ya)為(wei)3.7V或3.2V,約等于3只鎳(nie)鎘電池(chi)或鎳(nie)氫電池(chi)的(de)串聯電壓(ya),便(bian)于組成(cheng)電池(chi)電源組。

    2、相對電池而言鋰電池能(neng)量密度高。具有高儲存能(neng)量密度,目前已達到460-600Wh/kg,是鉛酸電池的約6-7倍。

    3、相(xiang)對鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)而(er)言(yan)鋰電(dian)池(chi)重量(liang)輕,相(xiang)同(tong)體積下重量(liang)約為(wei)鉛(qian)酸產品的1/5-6。

    4、鋰(li)電池使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命相對(dui)較長,使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命可達到6年(nian)以(yi)上,磷酸亞(ya)鐵鋰(li)為正(zheng)極的電池用1CDOD充放,有可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用1000次的記錄(lu)。

    5、具(ju)備高(gao)功率承受力(li),其中(zhong)電動汽車用的(de)磷酸亞鐵鋰(li)鋰(li)離子(zi)電池(chi)可以達(da)到15-30C充放電的(de)能力(li),便(bian)于高(gao)強度的(de)啟(qi)動加速。

    6、自放電(dian)率低,無記憶效應,常應用于日常電(dian)子產品(pin)供電(dian)。

    7、鋰電(dian)池高(gao)低溫適應性(xing)強(qiang),可以在-20℃--60℃的(de)環境下使用(yong),經過(guo)工(gong)藝上的(de)處理,可以在-45℃環境下使用(yong)。

    8、綠色環保(bao),不論生產、使用和(he)報廢,都不含有(you)、也不產生任何鉛、汞、鎘等有(you)毒有(you)害重金(jin)屬(shu)元(yuan)素(su)和(he)物質。

    鋰電池的缺點

    1、鋰(li)電池均存在安全(quan)性(xing)差,有發生爆(bao)炸的危險。

    2、鈷酸鋰(li)(li)材(cai)料的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)不能大電(dian)流放電(dian),安全性(xing)較差。

    3、鋰電池(chi)均需保護線路,防止電池(chi)被過充過放電。

    4、生產要求條件高,成本高。【詳細>>】

    6
    鋰電池的保養方法

    1、鋰電池(chi)(chi)應(ying)儲存(cun)在(zai)陰涼、干(gan)燥、安(an)全的(de)環(huan)境,它(ta)可儲存(cun)在(zai)溫度(du)(du)為-5~35℃,相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)不大于75%的(de)清潔、干(gan)燥、通風(feng)的(de)環(huan)境中。注(zhu)意在(zai)較熱的(de)環(huan)境中存(cun)放(fang)電池(chi)(chi),會(hui)不可避免的(de)對電池(chi)(chi)的(de)質量造成相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)損壞。

    2、避免將鋰電(dian)池靠近熱源(yuan)、明火、易燃易爆(bao)氣(qi)體(ti)、液體(ti),這樣(yang)可(ke)能(neng)導致電(dian)池泄露(lu)、發熱、冒煙、火災以及爆(bao)炸。

    3、鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池如需長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間儲(chu)存(超過(guo)一個月),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量應保持標(biao)稱容量的30%~50%,儲(chu)存時(shi)(shi)每月需對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)1—2小時(shi)(shi)。

    4、電池應包裝(zhuang)成箱進行運(yun)輸,在運(yun)輸過程中應防(fang)止劇(ju)烈振動(dong)、撞(zhuang)擊或擠壓,防(fang)止日曬雨淋,可使用汽車(che)、火(huo)車(che)、輪船、飛機等(deng)交通工具進行運(yun)輸。

    5、鋰電池存(cun)儲過程中應(ying)避免(mian)金屬物體進入電池箱,這可能導致電池產生泄(xie)露、發(fa)熱、冒煙(yan)、火災(zai)以及爆炸。

    6、如果(guo)在(zai)高于規(gui)定的(de)操作溫度,即35°C以上的(de)環境中使用鋰電(dian)池(chi),電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)量(liang)將會不斷的(de)減(jian)少(shao)。如果(guo)在(zai)這樣的(de)溫度下,還要為鋰電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian),那(nei)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)損傷將更大。所以,盡(jin)量(liang)保(bao)持在(zai)適(shi)宜的(de)操作溫度是延長鋰電(dian)壽(shou)命的(de)好方法。

    7、要想發揮鋰離(li)子電(dian)池的(de)最(zui)大效能(neng),就需要經常用(yong)它,讓鋰電(dian)內(nei)的(de)電(dian)子始終處(chu)于流(liu)動狀態。如果不(bu)經常使用(yong)鋰電(dian)池,請一(yi)定記得每月給鋰電(dian)完(wan)成一(yi)個充電(dian)周期,做一(yi)次電(dian)量校(xiao)準,即深(shen)(shen)放(fang)深(shen)(shen)充一(yi)次。

    8、淺放淺充對于鋰電更有益處,只有在產品的電源模塊為鋰電做校準時,才有深放深充的必要。所以,使用鋰電供電的產品不必拘泥于過程,一切以方便為先,隨時充電,不必擔心影響壽命。【詳細(xi)>>】

    7
    鋰電池如何選購

    1、看外(wai)觀

    看外觀是(shi)指看鋰電池的(de)(de)外觀,做工,大小和工藝(yi)。看外殼接縫(feng)線寬不(bu)寬,是(shi)否有毛刺,有沒有油(you)漬,摸起來手感好不(bu)好,先進的(de)(de)工藝(yi)都(dou)是(shi)手感很(hen)舒(shu)服的(de)(de),經過打磨,橡(xiang)膠油(you)拋光材料既手感好,同時絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能也(ye)很(hen)強。

    2、看是否明(ming)確標示(shi)容量

    無明確(que)標示容量的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),很可能就(jiu)(jiu)是使用劣質電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯或回收(shou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯重新組裝的垃(la)圾電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。市面(mian)上充斥著許多廉價的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),就(jiu)(jiu)是使用回收(shou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯或拆機電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)芯做的,價格雖然(ran)便宜,但是壽命短,品質不(bu)穩(wen)定,使用不(bu)慎可能會損(sun)壞設備,甚至發生爆炸。

    3、看(kan)保(bao)護電路

    鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的(de)特(te)性決(jue)定(ding)了鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池一定(ding)要外加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban),以防止鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放(fang)及短路等情況的(de)發生,不(bu)加(jia)保(bao)護板(ban)的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池會有變形、漏液、爆炸的(de)危險。在激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)價格競爭下,各電(dian)池封裝(zhuang)廠尋求更低價位(wei)的(de)保(bao)護電(dian)路,或者根本省略(lve)了這個裝(zhuang)置,使得市面(mian)上充(chong)斥(chi)著有爆炸危險的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池。當然,實際上消費(fei)者無法(fa)從外觀分辨出來是否有保(bao)護電(dian)路板(ban),因此最(zui)好選(xuan)擇有信譽的(de)商家購買。

    4、看品(pin)牌

    鋰電池的品牌很多,質量卻很難從外觀看出。在這種情況下,大家在選擇之前就要多做點功課,多去網上查詢一下廠商資料。通常來說,專業廠商比小作坊更靠譜,從業時間長的廠商比剛進入該領域的廠商更值得信任。【詳細>>】

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