電(dian)動車(che)充(chong)電(dian)器的原理介紹 電(dian)動車(che)充(chong)電(dian)器的分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率(lv)高，但是(shi)易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常(chang)用的開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器又分(fen)半橋式和(he)單激(ji)式兩(liang)大類(lei)，單激(ji)類(lei)又分(fen)為正激(ji)式和(he)反激(ji)式兩(liang)類(lei)。半橋式成本高，性能好，常(chang)用于帶(dai)負脈(mo)沖的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器；單激(ji)式成本低(di)，市(shi)場占有率高。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據(ju)麥斯(si)先生的(de)三定律(lv)制作成(cheng)功了多(duo)種品(pin)牌的(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過程是(shi)：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短暫(zan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用到(dao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，不切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路(lu)(lu)瞬間(jian)，進行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短路(lu)(lu)時由于(yu)不切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)串(chuan)連(lian)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)。一般在1秒(miao)內短路(lu)(lu)3－5毫(hao)秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫(hao)秒(miao)），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能跳變，短路(lu)(lu)時間(jian)短促，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部(bu)分。如果(guo)把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)為負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車業就出現了名詞“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可(ke)(ke)以(yi)延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年，電動(dong)車普遍使(shi)用了所(suo)謂(wei)三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電器(qi)，第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓(juan)流階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。大多數充(chong)電器(qi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅燈，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈。

買新充(chong)電(dian)器要檢(jian)查三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)三(san)個(ge)重要參數(shu)，一般(ban)(ban)可以自己測(ce)得第三(san)階段(duan)的(de)低(di)恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接電(dian)池(chi)，給充(chong)電(dian)器加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)表的(de)200V直流電(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)參數(shu)高(gao)恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉折電(dian)流一般(ban)(ban)需要專用(yong)工具(ju)才(cai)能測(ce)得。

充電方法：

1、變綠(lv)燈后(hou)再接(jie)著充2－3小(xiao)時。

2、原則是(shi)淺放（電(dian)）勤充（電(dian)），就是(shi)騎(qi)行不足夠遠，也要及時充電(dian)，避免放光再充電(dian)。

3、長(chang)期(qi)不(bu)騎，要(yao)定期(qi)（2－3個月）充電一次。

4、長期(qi)淺放(fang)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月(yue)左右，作一次深(shen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)所謂放(fang)光再充電(dian)(dian)，有利(li)于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)深(shen)部的長期(qi)不動(dong)的物質的活(huo)化。放(fang)光的意(yi)思(si)是(shi)，騎(qi)到控制器電(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓保護動(dong)作為(wei)止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新電(dian)池投入使用8－10個月后，要對(dui)電(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)檢查和維護(hu)。

2、一(yi)般名(ming)牌車(che)配套的充電(dian)器(qi)是經過篩(shai)選的，通常(chang)不(bu)用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非(fei)配套充電(dian)器(qi)，一(yi)定要(yao)進行前述三個(ge)參數的測試。

3、有一種不帶工(gong)頻變(bian)壓器的可(ke)控硅充電機，直接整流(liu)市(shi)電為電池充電，電流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電壓12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹底(di)切斷市(shi)電前，千萬不要摸(mo)電池，貨運三輪(lun)使用(yong)這類(lei)充電機的客戶特別要注意安全。