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伺服電機行業簡介

一、伺服電機的工作原理

伺服電機是常用電機的一種，它是一種絕對服從控制信號指揮的電機，設計用于精確定位而不是可控速。伺服電機一般由定子和轉子構成，定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差90°電角度，內部的電流、角度、偏心度等信號，通過一根電纜連接于伺服器，伺服器以此來修正對伺服電機的驅動信號。由于服電機本身具備發出脈沖的功能，伺服主要靠脈沖來定位，伺服電機每旋轉一個角度，都會發出對應數量的脈沖，這樣，和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應，或者叫閉環，如此一來，系統就會知道發了多少脈沖給伺服電機，同時又收了多少脈沖回來，這樣，就能夠很精確的控制電機的轉動，從而實現精確的定位，可以達到0.001mm。如果您需要購買伺服電機，可以先來了解一下伺服電機十大品牌。

二、伺服電機驅動器的作用和功能

伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動器(qi)，簡稱伺(si)服(fu)驅動器(qi)，屬于伺(si)服(fu)系統(tong)的一(yi)部分(fen)，主(zhu)要應用于高(gao)精度的定位系統(tong)，是用來控制伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的一(yi)種(zhong)控制器(qi)，它的功(gong)能細分(fen)的話有很多種(zhong)，包括：1、參(can)數(shu)分(fen)組化(hua)設置、控制模式再(zai)(zai)線任(ren)意切換。2、控制電(dian)(dian)源交流輸入、可設置的寬電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸入。3、瞬間(jian)掉電(dian)(dian)快速停機(ji)(ji)保護功(gong)能。4、再(zai)(zai)生制動、動態制動功(gong)能。5、絕對值系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)監控，低壓(ya)警(jing)告功(gong)能。6、調試軟(ruan)件(jian)支持(chi)參(can)數(shu)管理、監控、示波器(qi)功(gong)能。

三、伺服電機控制方式的三種基本形式

伺服(fu)電機的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)主要有(you)三種(zhong)，分(fen)別是(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和速(su)度(du)模(mo)式(shi)：1、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)外部模(mo)擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)或直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)賦值(zhi)來(lai)設(she)定(ding)電機軸對外的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)即時的(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)模(mo)擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)來(lai)改變(bian)設(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)大小，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)訊方式(shi)改變(bian)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)來(lai)實現。2、位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式(shi)一般(ban)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)外部輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)個數(shu)來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)，也(ye)有(you)些伺服(fu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)通(tong)訊方式(shi)直接對速(su)度(du)和位(wei)(wei)(wei)移進行賦值(zhi)。3、速(su)度(du)模(mo)式(shi)：通(tong)過(guo)(guo)模(mo)擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)或脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)有(you)上位(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外環PID控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)時速(su)度(du)模(mo)式(shi)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，但必(bi)須把電機的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)信號或直接負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)信號給(gei)上位(wei)(wei)(wei)反饋以(yi)做運算用。

四、伺服電機和步進電機的區別

步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兩(liang)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)起來(lai)有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別：1、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)：伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸后端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)編(bian)碼(ma)器保證，是步(bu)(bu)距(ju)角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)1.8°的(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖當量的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/655。2、低(di)(di)頻(pin)特性(xing)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在低(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)低(di)(di)頻(pin)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)率與負載情況和(he)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有關；伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)非常平穩，即使在低(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)也不會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。3、矩(ju)頻(pin)特性(xing)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出力矩(ju)隨(sui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)高(gao)而下(xia)(xia)降，且在較(jiao)高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)急劇下(xia)(xia)降；伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)恒力矩(ju)輸出，在額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)內都能(neng)(neng)輸出額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)。4、過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力不同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般不具(ju)有過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力，伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)有較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力，具(ju)有速(su)(su)(su)度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載功能(neng)(neng)。5、運行性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)開環控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)率過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)或(huo)(huo)負載過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大易(yi)(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)丟(diu)步(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)堵(du)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，停止時(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)易(yi)(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)；伺服(fu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統為(wei)(wei)閉環控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，一般不會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)丟(diu)步(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)更為(wei)(wei)可靠。6、速(su)(su)(su)度(du)響應性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不同(tong)(tong)(tong) 步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從靜(jing)止加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)到工作轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)（一般為(wei)(wei)每分鐘幾百轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)）需要200～400毫(hao)秒；伺服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)好(hao)，從靜(jing)止加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)到其額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)3000RPM僅需幾毫(hao)秒。