一、銅是什么
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（Cuprum）是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)元素(su)，也是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)過渡元素(su)，化學符號Cu，英文copper，原(yuan)子序數(shu)29。純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)柔軟的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，表面剛(gang)切開時(shi)為紅橙色帶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)光(guang)澤(ze)，單質呈紫紅色。延展性(xing)好(hao)，導(dao)(dao)熱性(xing)和(he)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)高，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣、電(dian)(dian)子元件是(shi)(shi)最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)材(cai)料，也可用(yong)作建筑(zhu)材(cai)料，可以組成(cheng)眾(zhong)多種(zhong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)機械性(xing)能優異，電(dian)(dian)阻率很低，其中(zhong)最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)數(shu)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。此(ci)外，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)也是(shi)(shi)耐(nai)用(yong)的(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)，可以多次回收(shou)而無損其機械性(xing)能。
二、銅的種類及用途
銅(tong)的種(zhong)類(lei)主要有(you)紫(zi)銅(tong)，黃銅(tong)，青銅(tong)和白銅(tong)四種(zhong)。
1、紫銅
又名紅銅(tong)(tong)，是銅(tong)(tong)單質，因其具(ju)有玫瑰紅色(se)，表面形成(cheng)氧化膜后呈紫色(se)，故一般稱為紫銅(tong)(tong)。中國紫銅(tong)(tong)加(jia)工材(cai)按成(cheng)分可分為：普通紫銅(tong)(tong)（T1、T2、T3、T4）、無(wu)氧銅(tong)(tong)（TU1、TU2和(he)高純(chun)、真(zhen)空無(wu)氧銅(tong)(tong)）、脫氧銅(tong)(tong)（TUP、TUMn）、添(tian)加(jia)少量(liang)合金元素的(de)特(te)種(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)（砷(shen)銅(tong)(tong)、碲銅(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)）四類。紫銅(tong)(tong)具(ju)有很好的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性和(he)導(dao)熱性，塑性極(ji)好，易于熱壓和(he)冷(leng)壓力加(jia)工，大量(liang)用于制造電(dian)(dian)(dian)線、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花專用電(dian)(dian)(dian)蝕銅(tong)(tong)等要求(qiu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性良好的(de)產品。
2、黃銅
黃(huang)銅(tong)是由(you)銅(tong)和鋅所組成的(de)合(he)金，具有美觀的(de)黃(huang)色(se)。由(you)銅(tong)、鋅組成的(de)黃(huang)銅(tong)就叫(jiao)作普通黃(huang)銅(tong)，如(ru)果是由(you)二種(zhong)以上的(de)元素組成的(de)多種(zhong)合(he)金就稱為特殊(shu)黃(huang)銅(tong)。黃(huang)銅(tong)有較強(qiang)的(de)耐磨(mo)性(xing)能，常(chang)被用(yong)于制造閥門、水管、空(kong)調內外(wai)機(ji)連接管和散(san)熱器(qi)等。
3、青銅
青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)金(jin)屬冶鑄史(shi)上最早的(de)合金(jin)，在純銅(tong)(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)）中加入錫或鉛的(de)合金(jin)，有特(te)殊(shu)重要(yao)性和歷史(shi)意義，主要(yao)品種有錫青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、鋁青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、特(te)殊(shu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)（又(you)稱(cheng)高銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)）。與純銅(tong)(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)）相(xiang)比(bi)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)強(qiang)度(du)高且熔點低(di)(di)（25%的(de)錫冶煉青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，熔點就會降低(di)(di)到800℃。純銅(tong)(tong)（紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)）的(de)熔點為(wei)1083℃）。青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)鑄造性好，耐磨且化學性質穩定，適用于鑄造各種器具、機(ji)械零件、軸(zhou)承、齒輪等。
4、白銅
白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)是(shi)以鎳(nie)為(wei)主要添(tian)加元(yuan)素的(de)銅(tong)基合(he)金(jin)(jin)，呈銀白(bai)(bai)色(se)，有金(jin)(jin)屬光澤(ze)，故名(ming)白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)。銅(tong)鎳(nie)之間彼此可無限固溶，從而形成連續固溶體，即不論(lun)彼此的(de)比例(li)多少(shao)，而恒為(wei)α-單相合(he)金(jin)(jin)。當把鎳(nie)熔入紅銅(tong)里(li)，含量(liang)(liang)超過16%以上(shang)時，產(chan)生的(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)色(se)澤(ze)就變得潔白(bai)(bai)如銀，鎳(nie)含量(liang)(liang)越(yue)高，顏色(se)越(yue)白(bai)(bai)。白(bai)(bai)銅(tong)中鎳(nie)的(de)含量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)25%。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎳二(er)元(yuan)(yuan)合金稱(cheng)普(pu)通白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；加有錳(meng)(meng)、鐵、鋅、鋁等元(yuan)(yuan)素的(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金稱(cheng)復雜白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。工(gong)業(ye)用白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為結構白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)電工(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。結構白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)機(ji)械性能和(he)耐蝕性好，色澤美(mei)觀(guan)。這(zhe)種白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廣泛用於(wu)制造(zao)精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)械、化工(gong)機(ji)械和(he)船(chuan)舶構件。電工(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般有良好的(de)熱電性能。錳(meng)(meng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、康(kang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、考銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)含錳(meng)(meng)量不同(tong)的(de)錳(meng)(meng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)(shi)制造(zao)精(jing)密(mi)電工(gong)儀器、變阻(zu)器、精(jing)密(mi)電阻(zu)、應變片、熱電偶等用的(de)材料。
三、黃銅青銅紫銅白銅哪個貴
在價(jia)格方面，紫銅最(zui)貴(gui)，白銅次(ci)之，隨(sui)后是青銅，最(zui)便宜(yi)的(de)是黃銅。不過(guo)最(zui)便宜(yi)的(de)也要比鐵貴(gui)出幾倍。
