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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)太室山(shan)東麓的(de)(de)(de)黃蓋峰(feng)下，距登(deng)(deng)(deng)封(feng)市(shi)區一公里，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)與象征，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)(di)區較大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)一處廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華五(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)存(cun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)較大(da)(da)(da)(da)、保存(cun)較完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)道教建筑。中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)始建于(yu)(yu)秦，其前身為(wei)(wei)太室祠，是(shi)祭祀中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)山(shan)神的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方。西漢元(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)前110年(nian)(nian)），漢武(wu)帝劉(liu)徹率領群臣，禮(li)登(deng)(deng)(deng)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)峻極(ji)峰(feng)，忽聞山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“山(shan)呼萬(wan)(wan)歲”之聲(sheng)，以為(wei)(wei)山(shan)神顯靈，隨(sui)下令增(zeng)建太室祠，禁伐山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)草木(mu)，賜(si)山(shan)下三百(bai)戶村民為(wei)(wei)太室奉邑，也就是(shi)今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)登(deng)(deng)(deng)封(feng)市(shi)。武(wu)則天萬(wan)(wan)歲登(deng)(deng)(deng)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)696年(nian)(nian)），女(nv)皇(huang)登(deng)(deng)(deng)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)，封(feng)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神之后(hou)，使中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)聲(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)振。北宋(song)時期(qi)，太祖趙(zhao)匡(kuang)胤和真(zhen)宗趙(zhao)恒則又按照皇(huang)宮(gong)形(xing)式對中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)行了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)修復建設。經(jing)過唐、宋(song)時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)力整(zheng)修，中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)已形(xing)成(cheng)“崇墉繚(liao)繞，屹若(ruo)云連”的(de)(de)(de)壯麗宏偉規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)。清乾隆皇(huang)帝在位(wei)(wei)期(qi)間，按照故(gu)宮(gong)形(xing)式對中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又進(jin)行了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)整(zheng)修，故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又有(you)“天中(zhong)(zhong)小故(gu)宮(gong)”之稱(cheng)。占地(di)(di)11萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)(yu)平方米，規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)(da)(da)(da)，歷史(shi)悠久，現(xian)為(wei)(wei)全國重點文物保護單位(wei)(wei)。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)現(xian)存(cun)建筑四百(bai)余(yu)(yu)間，金石鑄器(qi)二(er)(er)百(bai)余(yu)(yu)件，古(gu)柏300余(yu)(yu)株，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)(song)高靈廟(miao)(miao)(miao)碑(bei)(bei)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國道教立(li)碑(bei)(bei)之祖，宋(song)代鎮庫(ku)鐵人是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)存(cun)形(xing)體較大(da)(da)(da)(da)，保存(cun)較好(hao)，造(zao)型(xing)佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)鐵人，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)外石刻翁仲是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)存(cun)年(nian)(nian)代較早的(de)(de)(de)石雕翁仲，太室闕是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)漢三闕之一。另(ling)外，中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)火極(ji)旺，每(mei)年(nian)(nian)接待全國各地(di)(di)香(xiang)客達20余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)(wan)人次，一年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)次的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會，始于(yu)(yu)隋唐，己有(you)一千多年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)，是(shi)嵩(song)(song)(song)山(shan)地(di)(di)區重要物資交流(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)會，旅游觀光大(da)(da)(da)(da)會，年(nian)(nian)接待游客達100余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)(wan)人次。

景點景觀

太室闕

太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)位于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)廟天中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣南600余米處的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)。是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)廟前(qian)(qian)身太(tai)室(shi)祠的(de)(de)(de)神道(dao)闕(que)(que)(que)，始建(jian)(jian)于東漢(han)安帝元(yuan)初五年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)118年(nian)(nian)），為(wei)當時的(de)(de)(de)陽城長(chang)呂常所建(jian)(jian)，與少室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)、啟母闕(que)(que)(que)并稱為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)漢(han)三闕(que)(que)(que)。太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)神道(dao)一直未(wei)變，是(shi)(shi)古代祭祀(si)太(tai)室(shi)山神的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要實(shi)物見證。闕(que)(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)在城門(men)、墓門(men)、宮門(men)、廟門(men)前(qian)(qian)面的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個相(xiang)峙對(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物，因中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間沒有橫額，所以叫“缺”，古時候“缺”和(he)“闕(que)(que)(que)”這兩(liang)個字是(shi)(shi)通用的(de)(de)(de)。闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用其(qi)實(shi)就是(shi)(shi)象征性的(de)(de)(de)大門(men)，代表(biao)著威嚴。1961年(nian)(nian)太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)被(bei)國(guo)務院公布為(wei)第(di)一批全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。太(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)用長(chang)方形石塊壘砌而成(cheng)，上(shang)刻有漢(han)隸(li)和(he)篆、隸(li)參半的(de)(de)(de)銘文，記述了建(jian)(jian)闕(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)緣由及贊頌(song)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)神的(de)(de)(de)靈驗，是(shi)(shi)研究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)書法演變的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要實(shi)物。闕(que)(que)(que)身雕刻有斗雞、車騎出行(xing)、人物、龍、虎等(deng)畫像50余幅，是(shi)(shi)研究漢(han)代風俗習(xi)慣和(he)社會生活的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)貴資料(liao)，對(dui)研究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)漢(han)代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史(shi)、繪畫藝術史(shi)具有極(ji)高的(de)(de)(de)價值。

中軸線

中(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟的(de)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)是一(yi)條由(you)青石板鋪(pu)成的(de)大甭道，共十一(yi)進，全長(chang)1.3華里。沿中(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)從南向北，由(you)低而高，依(yi)次為中(zhong)華門、遙參(can)亭、天中(zhong)閣、配天作鎮(zhen)坊(fang)、祟圣門、化三(san)(san)門、峻極(ji)門、高高峻極(ji)坊(fang)、中(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)大殿(dian)、寢殿(dian)、御書樓。廟的(de)東(dong)路和西(xi)路，還(huan)分別建有太尉官、火神(shen)宮、祖(zu)師宮、小樓宮、神(shen)州官和龍(long)王殿(dian)等單(dan)獨的(de)小院(yuan)落，現(xian)存明清建筑(zhu)近四(si)百(bai)間，金石鑄器二(er)百(bai)余件(jian)，漢到清的(de)古柏(bo)三(san)(san)百(bai)余株(zhu)。正是這些亭門宮殿(dian)，構成了中(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟規模宏大的(de)古建筑(zhu)群。

中華門

中華門中岳廟的前門，原名“名山第一坊”，為木建牌樓，1942年改建為磚瓦結構的原廡殿式牌坊，更名為“中華門”。門額內外分別寫有“依嵩”、“帶潁”、“嵩峻”、“天中”八字，簡要地說明了中岳廟所處的地理位置。中(zhong)(zhong)華門北有(you)一(yi)座八角重(zhong)檐亭，即“遙(yao)參(can)亭”，是古代過(guo)往行(xing)旅拜謁岳神的地方(fang)。檐坊和(he)雀替上面(mian)(mian)透雕(diao)戲曲故事，形(xing)象優美，精巧異常。穿(chuan)過(guo)遙(yao)參(can)亭，迎(ying)面(mian)(mian)就是天中(zhong)(zhong)閣。天中(zhong)(zhong)閣在明(ming)清(qing)之際是中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟的正門，原名黃中(zhong)(zhong)樓，明(ming)嘉靖(jing)年間(jian)改為今名，面(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)，重(zhong)檐綠瓦，雕(diao)梁(liang)畫柱，飛檐凌(ling)空，風格獨秀。門上虎頭大釘緊扣，門外兩個石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)守衛，栩(xu)栩(xu)如生，為清(qing)代雕(diao)刻的代表(biao)作(zuo)。東側雄獅(shi)(shi)(shi)口中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)直徑為15厘(li)米的石雕(diao)圓(yuan)球(qiu)，西(xi)側雌(ci)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)前蹄按一(yi)小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)，工藝(yi)精巧，獨具匠心。石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)之后，是辟(pi)有(you)三(san)個門洞的高臺樓閣。臺高7米有(you)余，上面(mian)(mian)有(you)面(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)、進深一(yi)間(jian)的重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山式建(jian)筑(zhu)，覆(fu)以綠色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦，四(si)周筑(zhu)有(you)女兒墻。游人至(zhi)此，舉(ju)目四(si)望，東有(you)牧子崗，西(xi)臨(lin)望朝嶺，南接玉案山，北依黃蓋峰。

配天作鎮坊

出天中(zhong)閣沿甬(yong)道拾級而上，其后(hou)便(bian)是木結構配天作鎮枋(fang)。它原名叫“宇廟坊”，古時稱中(zhong)岳為土神(shen)，意(yi)思是以(yi)地配天。枋(fang)起三(san)架(jia)，廡殿式屋頂(ding)，斗拱雀替，雕琢(zhuo)華(hua)麗。正樓額書“配天作鎮”，左右(you)配樓分(fen)別書“宇廟”、“俱(ju)瞻(zhan)”。配天作鎮枋(fang)后(hou)為松柏掩映的崇(chong)(chong)圣(sheng)門(men)。此門(men)為過往門(men)庭，因中(zhong)岳神(shen)曾被(bei)封為“中(zhong)岳天中(zhong)崇(chong)(chong)圣(sheng)大帝”而得名。

崇圣門

崇圣門東(dong)有(you)古神庫(ku)，創建于(yu)北宋(song)。在古神庫(ku)周圍有(you)四個(ge)高大(da)(da)的(de)鐵(tie)人(ren)，四大(da)(da)鐵(tie)人(ren)鑄造于(yu)北宋(song)英宗治平元(yuan)(yuan)年（公元(yuan)(yuan)1064年），高3米許，重約3噸，握拳振臂，怒(nu)目挺(ting)胸，形象威(wei)嚴，栩栩如生(sheng)，是中國現(xian)存形體較大(da)(da)，保(bao)存較好的(de)四個(ge)“守庫(ku)鐵(tie)人(ren)”，同時也是北宋(song)鑄造的(de)藝術(shu)珍品。

化三門

化三(san)門(men)取(qu)名于道教的(de)“一氣化三(san)清”，是(shi)中岳(yue)廟的(de)過(guo)往門(men)庭。化三(san)門(men)后西側(ce)，有(you)(you)(you)無字(zi)(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)。亭(ting)內立(li)有(you)(you)(you)清代石碑(bei)(bei)一通，碑(bei)(bei)上(shang)只有(you)(you)(you)線刻(ke)花邊，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)文字(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)稱"無字(zi)(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)"。立(li)此(ci)碑(bei)(bei)的(de)意思(si)是(shi)說(shuo)岳(yue)神(shen)之(zhi)德，大得難以(yi)用文字(zi)(zi)(zi)形容，故(gu)立(li)空石，以(yi)示紀(ji)念。

龍王廟

龍(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)，其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)中(zhong)岳廟(miao)(miao)院(yuan)外，整(zheng)(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)仿古而莊嚴(yan)，現是(shi)(shi)在(zai)唐代古廟(miao)(miao)的基地上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)成一座具有現代與古代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)特(te)色的道(dao)(dao)觀，位(wei)于中(zhong)岳山脈之首，上(shang)(shang)接(jie)天宇(yu)，地連龍(long)(long)脈。整(zheng)(zheng)座龍(long)(long)王廟(miao)(miao)，呈龍(long)(long)形與道(dao)(dao)家(jia)八(ba)卦象位(wei)而建(jian)(jian)，廟(miao)(miao)中(zhong)龍(long)(long)王、龍(long)(long)太(tai)子(zi)形像(xiang)栩栩如生(sheng)，威嚴(yan)逼真，是(shi)(shi)求神求財靈驗之道(dao)(dao)場。

交通指南

在登封(feng)市乘坐2路(lu)公交車(che)，在“中岳廟”站(zhan)下車(che)即到，2路(lu)公交車(che)也可以到嵩陽書院(yuan)。