簡介
據民國《鄭縣(xian)志》記載,明(ming)弘治十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1501)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)石(shi)純粹,嘉靖六年(nian)(nian)(1527)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)劉汝,隆慶四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1570)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)李時選均曾重修(xiu)。清康熙三(san)十年(nian)(nian)(1691)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)陳(chen)一魁、五十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1714)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)張,乾隆五年(nian)(nian)(1740)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)張鉞,光緒十六年(nian)(nian)(1890)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)吳榮棨亦重修(xiu)。
此廟坐北朝(chao)南,原占地面(mian)積約(yue)10畝。由大(da)門(men)(men)、過(guo)庭、戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、后(hou)(hou)寢(qin)宮和(he)(he)(he)(he)東、西廊(lang)(lang)房組(zu)成。大(da)門(men)(men)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深2間(jian)(jian),懸山(shan)式建(jian)筑(zhu),綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)頂,檐下(xia)施(shi)(shi)三(san)昂(ang)七踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),三(san)幅云昂(ang)嘴,耍(shua)頭呈象鼻狀(zhuang)。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)后(hou)(hou)尾均平(ping)(ping)(ping)插垂(chui)蓮柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),垂(chui)蓮柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)金枋相(xiang)連(lian),而柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan),直承上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)金檁(lin)(lin)。明間(jian)(jian)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)立(li)4根(gen)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),周(zhou)圍用木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)木(mu)制通(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)均呈小(xiao)八角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)。實榻大(da)門(men)(men)3合,分(fen)別裝在通(tong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。門(men)(men)前(qian)砌6級扇(shan)面(mian)形(xing)(xing)垂(chui)帶式踏跺,左右立(li)1對(dui)(dui)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)子(zi)(zi)。過(guo)庭距大(da)門(men)(men)10余(yu)(yu)米,面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深2間(jian)(jian),硬(ying)山(shan)式建(jian)筑(zhu)。灰筒(tong)瓦(wa)頂,正脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)置(zhi)(zhi)大(da)吻(wen)(wen),中(zhong)部(bu)飾(shi)二(er)龍(long)戲珠和(he)(he)(he)(he)寶瓶,下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浮(fu)雕(diao)人(ren)物,中(zhong)置(zhi)(zhi)神像,兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)1對(dui)(dui)追逐(zhu)相(xiang)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)騎(qi)士,姿態各異,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng)(sheng)。垂(chui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)裝飾(shi)也富(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變(bian)化(hua),龍(long)飛鳳(feng)(feng)舞,百(bai)花(hua)盛開,配以獅(shi)子(zi)(zi)滾(gun)繡球和(he)(he)(he)(he)海馬(ma)、狎魚(yu)等(deng)(deng)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸(shou),十分(fen)精巧秀麗。檐下(xia)置(zhi)(zhi)一斗(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)升斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)。山(shan)墻下(xia)砌筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)弧形(xing)(xing)墀頭,下(xia)部(bu)雕(diao)磚上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)麒麟、花(hua)草和(he)(he)(he)(he)須彌座,刻工精細。戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),又稱樂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。與過(guo)庭相(xiang)距咫尺,面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深2間(jian)(jian),歇山(shan)式高臺(tai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)高12米余(yu)(yu),主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)居中(zhong),左右兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)檐下(xia)配以歇山(shan)式邊樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)錯落,翼角(jiao)(jiao)重疊。主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抱廈(sha),前(qian)抱廈(sha)為(wei)2根(gen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)呈小(xiao)八角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)支撐(cheng),石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鐫刻楹聯為(wei)“傳(chuan)出幽明報應彰天道,演來(lai)生(sheng)(sheng)死輪回醒世人(ren)。”后(hou)(hou)抱廈(sha)為(wei)垂(chui)花(hua)門(men)(men)式。全樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)19條屋(wu)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縱橫斜(xie)插,置(zhi)(zhi)大(da)吻(wen)(wen)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸(shou),藍綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飾(shi)。整(zheng)體建(jian)筑(zhu)小(xiao)巧玲瓏,造型別致(zhi)。戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)北20余(yu)(yu)米為(wei)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深3間(jian)(jian),單檐歇山(shan)綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa)頂,脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飾(shi)用黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)。正脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)置(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)吻(wen)(wen),脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)龍(long)、鳳(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)牡丹(dan),脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)豎(shu)獅(shi)子(zi)(zi)寶瓶,兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)飾(shi)小(xiao)寶瓶。垂(chui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、戧(chuang)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)均飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)卉、卷草等(deng)(deng)圖案,并配以獅(shi)子(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獸(shou)。檐下(xia)施(shi)(shi)垂(chui)昂(ang)五踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),昂(ang)嘴呈五角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)。前(qian)檐明間(jian)(jian)施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)攢(zan)溜金斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),角(jiao)(jiao)科用把臂廂拱(gong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內為(wei)九檁(lin)(lin)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)廊(lang)(lang)式的(de)(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梁結構,橫梁縱檁(lin)(lin),立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)斜(xie)椽,交替錯落,排(pai)列有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)序(xu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)、后(hou)(hou)明間(jian)(jian)均裝修有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4扇(shan)六(liu)抹(mo)槅(ge)扇(shan),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)裝修有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檻窗(chuang),均為(wei)正搭(da)斜(xie)交凌花(hua)式。檐下(xia)的(de)(de)墊拱(gong)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)還繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八仙過(guo)海、二(er)十四(si)孝(xiao)等(deng)(deng)彩(cai)(cai)畫。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)月臺(tai)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)20米有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寢(qin)宮,由拜廈(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)成,中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)地溝(gou)相(xiang)隔。寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)5間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深3間(jian)(jian),懸山(shan)式建(jian)筑(zhu);殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)的(de)(de)拜廈(sha),面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)5間(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深4架椽,卷棚頂。屋(wu)面(mian)均覆以綠(lv)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)瓦(wa),脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飾(shi)用黃(huang)綠(lv)花(hua)色(se)琉(liu)璃(li)(li)。寢(qin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)置(zhi)(zhi)2米高的(de)(de)大(da)吻(wen)(wen),中(zhong)央(yang)飾(shi)一重檐歇山(shan)式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)塑有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雙龍(long)戲珠,鳳(feng)(feng)穿牡丹(dan),垂(chui)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雕(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)羽人(ren)、石(shi)(shi)榴、花(hua)卉等(deng)(deng),玲瓏剔透。檐下(xia)施(shi)(shi)三(san)昂(ang)七踩(cai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong),昂(ang)嘴和(he)(he)(he)(he)耍(shua)頭呈象鼻狀(zhuang),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)拱(gong)后(hou)(hou)尾均平(ping)(ping)(ping)插有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)垂(chui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),獨具匠心。檐下(xia)的(de)(de)墊拱(gong)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)彩(cai)(cai)絢麗的(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)繪(hui),造型生(sheng)(sheng)動,題材豐富(fu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鯉魚(yu)跳龍(long)門(men)(men)、喜鵲鬧梅、鳳(feng)(feng)戲牡丹(dan)、松鶴延(yan)年、龍(long)虎相(xiang)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)、獅(shi)子(zi)(zi)滾(gun)繡球等(deng)(deng)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)的(de)(de)明、次(ci)間(jian)(jian)裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)抹(mo)槅(ge)扇(shan),梢間(jian)(jian)置(zhi)(zhi)檻窗(chuang),均為(wei)正搭(da)斜(xie)交凌花(hua)式。
該廟(miao)的建筑以(yi)建造精(jing)致、結構堅實而著稱。廟(miao)內原(yuan)有碑刻,其中有明(ming)初鄭州(zhou)同知張(zhang)大(da)猷草書石(shi)碑《福贊(zan)》、《壽贊(zan)》兩通,前(qian)者碑高1.88米(mi),寬(kuan)0.83米(mi);后者高1.81米(mi),寬(kuan)0.8米(mi),筆跡蒼勁挺拔,現僅存《福贊(zan)》碑。1963年6月20日,由原(yuan)河(he)(he)南省人民委(wei)員會公布(bu)為河(he)(he)南省文物保護單位。
歷史典故
鄭州城隍廟供奉(feng)的是漢劉邦(bang)麾下大(da)將紀信。
漢高祖劉邦(bang)三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前204年(nian)(nian)),項羽圍劉邦(bang)于滎陽,危(wei)難之中,紀(ji)信(xin)冒充漢王(wang),使劉邦(bang)得以(yi)逃(tao)走(zou)。《資治通鑒》記載:“五月,將軍紀(ji)信(xin)言于漢王(wang)曰(yue):事急矣(yi),臣請誑楚(chu),王(wang)可以(yi)間出(chu)。”于是陳平夜出(chu)女子東(dong)門二干余人,楚(chu)因而四(si)面(mian)擊之。紀(ji)信(xin)乃乘(cheng)王(wang)車,黃屋左(zuo)纛(dao),曰(yue):“食盡,漢王(wang)降楚(chu)。”楚(chu)皆呼萬歲,出(chu)城東(dong)觀,以(yi)故(gu)漢王(wang)得以(yi)數十騎出(chu)西(xi)門遁(dun)去(qu)……羽見紀(ji)信(xin),問:“漢王(wang)安在?”曰(yue):已(yi)出(chu)去(qu)矣(yi)。“羽燒殺(sha)信(xin)”就是說的(de)這個故(gu)事。
基本概況
鄭(zheng)(zheng)州城(cheng)隍(huang)廟全稱是“鄭(zheng)(zheng)州城(cheng)隍(huang)靈佑侯廟”,在鄭(zheng)(zheng)州市商城(cheng)路北(bei)(bei),職工(gong)路(原名(ming):城(cheng)隍(huang)廟街(jie))北(bei)(bei)端。建(jian)于明(ming)代初年,弘治十四年(1501年)重修,是河南(nan)省規模(mo)較大、保存完好的明(ming)清古建(jian)筑群落之一。數百年來,雖屢遭(zao)兵燹、火災(zai)及人(ren)為(wei)破壞,后經多次營建(jian)修葺,基本上保留了歷(li)史原貌,因此彌(mi)足珍貴。
是目(mu)前河南保存(cun)最(zui)完整、規模最(zui)大(da)的(de)古建(jian)筑群。該廟(miao)始建(jian)于明代初年,清代重修。主要有(you)山門、前殿、樂樓、大(da)殿、寢宮(gong)等(deng),全部殿堂均為琉璃瓦覆頂,造(zao)型(xing)精致,結構緊湊。其中(zhong)樂樓高達15米(mi),大(da)殿內外的(de)雕刻非常有(you)特色,在正(zheng)面屋脊(ji)上雕有(you)游龍和鳳凰,旁邊有(you)荷花、獅子等(deng),圖案精美,雕工細致;進(jin)入大(da)殿,兩(liang)側(ce)可見雕刻的(de)龍、鳳、牡丹;殿上刻有(you)“八仙過海(hai)”及蒼松翠(cui)柏、人物(wu)鳥獸,構圖和諧精致。
每年的(de)農(nong)歷(li)三月十八日(ri),城隍廟(miao)里都(dou)舉(ju)辦(ban)廟(miao)會(hui)活動,屆時(shi),各(ge)種各(ge)樣的(de)民間工藝(yi)品、風味小吃都(dou)匯(hui)聚于(yu)此,前(qian)來趕廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)人更是(shi)絡繹不絕,場(chang)面熱鬧非凡。
建筑結構
該廟坐(zuo)北面南,山(shan)門(men)、前(qian)殿、戲樓、大殿、寢宮、東(dong)西廊廡等,沿中軸(zhou)線依次排列,層次分(fen)明(ming),布局結構(gou)(gou)合理,建筑均為(wei)琉璃瓦覆蓋,卷棚出(chu)廈,飛(fei)檐四出(chu),造(zao)型(xing)精致,結構(gou)(gou)緊湊。整(zheng)個建筑紅(hong)磚綠瓦,畫梁雕棟,既(ji)凝重(zhong)端莊(zhuang),又(you)古(gu)樸典雅,是鄭州市絕(jue)無(wu)僅(jin)有的明(ming)清建筑精品(pin)。其中丈(zhang)五左右(you)的歇山(shan)式(shi)雙層戲樓,堪稱鄭州之(zhi)最。樂樓高達(da)15米,歇山(shan)式(shi)雙層建筑,正脊浮(fu)雕游(you)龍數(shu)條(tiao),有鳳(feng)凰在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下飛(fei)舞,有荷花(hua)、獅子在(zai)左右(you)陪襯(chen),異(yi)常(chang)生(sheng)動。大殿正脊兩端雕有吞脊吻獸,兩側刻滾龍數(shu)條(tiao),并飾(shi)鳳(feng)凰、牡丹(dan);殿上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻有“八仙(xian)過海”及蒼松(song)翠柏、人(ren)(ren)物鳥獸,構(gou)(gou)圖和(he)諧精致,左右(you)對(dui)稱,絕(jue)妙異(yi)常(chang)。每(mei)年(nian)農歷(li)三月(yue)十八日(ri)廟會時節,臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)樂喧天,絲弦陣陣,臺下游(you)人(ren)(ren)如(ru)癡如(ru)醉。加之(zhi)雜耍、民間工(gong)藝品(pin),各種名優(you)小吃(chi)繽紛上(shang)(shang)(shang)市,更給城隍廟平添不少光彩(cai)。解放后,政(zheng)府又(you)撥款對(dui)其進行整(zheng)修,并重(zhong)塑城隍金身,終使(shi)這座(zuo)有著五百年(nian)“廟齡”的古(gu)建筑群,再(zai)獲新(xin)生(sheng)。
交通信息
市內乘(cheng)坐公交2路(lu)、52路(lu)、58路(lu)、61路(lu)、65路(lu)、727路(lu)、b17路(lu)、y801路(lu)到鄭州城(cheng)隍廟站下可到