典出《史記·封禪書》:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)采首山銅,鑄鼎於荊山下。鼎既成,有龍垂(chui)胡髯(ran)下迎黃(huang)帝(di)(di)。黃(huang)帝(di)(di)上騎,群臣後宮從(cong)上者七十馀人,龍乃上去。馀小(xiao)臣不(bu)得上,乃悉(xi)持龍髯(ran),龍髯(ran)拔(ba),墮,墮黃(huang)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)弓。百姓仰望黃(huang)帝(di)(di)既上天(tian),乃抱(bao)其(qi)弓與胡髯(ran)號(hao),故(gu)後世因(yin)名其(qi)處曰(yue)鼎湖(hu),其(qi)弓曰(yue)烏號(hao)。
《史記·孝武本(ben)紀》:“黃(huang)(huang)帝采(cai)首山銅,鑄鼎于荊(jing)山下(xia)。鼎既成,有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)垂(chui)胡(hu)髯(ran)下(xia)迎(ying)黃(huang)(huang)帝。黃(huang)(huang)帝上騎,群臣(chen)后宮從上龍(long)(long)(long)七(qi)十余(yu)(yu)人,龍(long)(long)(long)乃上去。余(yu)(yu)小臣(chen)不得上,乃悉持(chi)龍(long)(long)(long)髯(ran),龍(long)(long)(long)髯(ran)拔,墮黃(huang)(huang)帝之弓。”
傳(chuan)說(shuo)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)采首山(shan)(shan)之銅(今河南襄城(cheng)縣首山(shan)(shan)),鑄鼎(ding)與荊山(shan)(shan)下(今河南靈寶荊山(shan)(shan)),鼎(ding)城(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)乘(cheng)龍(long)升仙,人們把(ba)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)靴子埋在鑄鼎(ding)塬上(shang),形(xing)成了黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(河南荊山(shan)(shan)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)陵),并建廟祭祀。陵的(de)西端有一高(gao)6米,周長42.5主的(de)土堆(dui),傳(chuan)說(shuo)就是黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)陵冢(zhong)。陵西南有一龍(long)須(xu)溝,傳(chuan)說(shuo)是龍(long)須(xu)墜落之地,此(ci)間生長一種龍(long)須(xu)草,說(shuo)是龍(long)須(xu)所變,周圍皆無。
《尚書》記載(zai):荊(jing)、河唯豫州。荊(jing)就是靈寶(bao)荊(jing)山。
東(dong)漢(han)王充《論衡(heng)·道虛篇(pian)》:“黃(huang)帝(di)采首山銅,鑄鼎荊(jing)山下。鼎既成(cheng),有龍(long)須垂胡髯下迎黃(huang)帝(di)。黃(huang)帝(di)上騎龍(long),群(qun)臣后宮從七十(shi)余(yu)人……”
明萬歷(li)四十六年《襄(xiang)城(cheng)縣(xian)志(zhi)》:“首(shou)山(shan),在縣(xian)治(zhi)南五里,橫(heng)亙九里。《史記》申(shen)公曰(yue):‘天(tian)下名山(shan)八,三在夷狄,五在中國。’又(you)云黃帝采首(shou)山(shan)銅鑄(zhu)鼎于湖。莊(zhuang)周曰(yue)黃帝登具茨(ci)訪大(da)隗(wei),命駕于襄(xiang)之野,七圣皆(jie)迷,見童子而問道焉,即此山(shan)也。”
清(qing),蔣廷錫編(bian)《(欽定)古今(jin)圖書(shu)集成·方(fang)輿匯編(bian)·職(zhi)方(fang)典(dian)》:“首山,在(zai)襄城南五里,橫亙(gen)九里。
清(qing)張潮《虞(yu)初新(xin)志》卷(juan)十七(qi):“史稱(cheng)天下名山八,三在夷狄,五在中國,皆黃帝(di)所嘗游,首(shou)山其一也。”
《括地志》說(shuo):“湖水原出虢州縣城(cheng)(今河南(nan)(nan)靈寶市)湖南(nan)(nan)三十五里夸(kua)父山,北流入河即鼎湖也”;
隋開皇(huang)三年(nian)(583年(nian))廢弘(hong)農(nong)(nong)郡及閿鄉郡,置虢(guo)州,治弘(hong)農(nong)(nong)縣(xian),領弘(hong)農(nong)(nong)、閿鄉、湖城(cheng)縣(xian)3縣(xian)。
《閿鄉縣志(zhi)》則(ze)(ze)說漢武帝曾在(zai)此(ci)地建(jian)有“鼎湖宮”。唐代(dai)李白詩曰:“鼎湖流水清且(qie)閑”,明代(dai)彭綱則(ze)(ze)寫下了“鼎湖煙樹接孤城(cheng)”。
《史記·封禪書》記載,古時荊山一帶災情嚴重,黃帝聞訊從昆侖山來到荊山察看。為了煉出仙丹給老百姓治病,他采首山(shan)之銅,汲(ji)湖水,鑄(zhu)鼎于荊山(shan)之下。相傳黃(huang)帝(di)鑄(zhu)好鼎,黃(huang)龍(long)(long)來迎(ying)黃(huang)帝(di)升天(tian)時,百姓苦苦哀求(qiu),死活不(bu)讓他走,有(you)的(de)牽衣扯袍,有(you)的(de)抱手拽腳(jiao),拖下了他的(de)金靴,扒下了龍(long)(long)皮、拔掉了龍(long)(long)須(xu)。人們(men)把(ba)黃(huang)帝(di)的(de)靴子埋在他鑄(zhu)鼎之地,這(zhe)里就成(cheng)了世(shi)人拜祖的(de)地方。黃(huang)帝(di)陵高300米(mi),長(chang)5000米(mi)。嶺的(de)西端有(you)一(yi)(yi)高6米(mi)、周長(chang)42.5米(mi)的(de)土堆(dui),傳為(wei)黃(huang)帝(di)陵冢。陵西南有(you)一(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)須(xu)溝,傳說是(shi)龍(long)(long)須(xu)墜(zhui)落之地,此間生長(chang)一(yi)(yi)種龍(long)(long)須(xu)草,說是(shi)龍(long)(long)須(xu)所變,周圍皆(jie)無(wu)。
由(you)于(yu)這里位于(yu)長安古道,函(han)谷關和(he)潼關兩(liang)雄關之間(jian),屢遭戰(zhan)火毀(hui)滅,但歷代(dai)都(dou)曾進行過(guo)修復和(he)重建。現已修復的(de)主要遺跡(ji)有:獻殿、始祖殿、長廊、墓冢(zhong)、祀勸柱(zhu)、闕樓等,并(bing)鑄造(zao)了象(xiang)征天(tian)神(shen)、地神(shen)、祖宗的(de)天(tian)、地、人(ren)三尊大銅鼎。
現(xian)河(he)南靈寶荊山下有黃(huang)帝陵(ling)、鼎(ding)湖(hu)灣(wan)、靈寶黃(huang)帝鑄鼎(ding)塬等景區。