歷史
五代后晉時(shi)(940年前后),吳越國廣陵王錢元鐐在(zai)(zai)南湖畔建(jian)(jian)樓(lou)(lou)舍(she)為“登眺之所”,其(qi)時(shi)并無“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)”之名(ming)。據(ju)《至(zhi)元嘉禾志》載(zai),煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)三字始見于(yu)南宋吳潛《水調歌頭·題(ti)煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)》詞。湖畔的煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)雖(sui)幾易其(qi)主,選經興廢(fei),但一直是觀賞湖光的佳處。明嘉靖二十八年(1549),嘉興知府(fu)趙瀛在(zai)(zai)湖心島上建(jian)(jian)煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou),從此樓(lou)(lou)在(zai)(zai)湖中(zhong)。后幾度修葺,至(zhi)明末樓(lou)(lou)毀(hui),清初(chu)再建(jian)(jian)。主樓(lou)(lou)坐南朝北(bei),面對城(cheng)垣。到乾隆(long)帝南巡時(shi),煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)改建(jian)(jian)為南向(xiang)而北(bei)負城(cheng)郭。
乾隆六(liu)下江南(nan),多次(ci)登煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),一(yi)再賦詩,備致贊(zan)賞,曾親畫(hua)煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)圖。刻石置于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)中,并照此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的樣式在(zai)(zai)熱河(he)承德避暑山莊的青蓮島上仿建(jian)(jian)一(yi)所樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,亦名(ming)煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。清同(tong)治初年,煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)又毀于(yu)戰火(huo),直到民國7年(1918)才(cai)重建(jian)(jian)主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),形成現在(zai)(zai)的格局。抗(kang)日戰爭期間,煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)被(bei)日寇強占(zhan)作“華中鐵道公司”食(shi)堂,抗(kang)戰勝利后(hou)才(cai)恢復(fu)開放。建(jian)(jian)國后(hou),黨(dang)和人民政府多次(ci)大力(li)修葺(qi),古(gu)老園林(lin)煥(huan)發新貌。
地理環境
煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)是嘉(jia)興的名(ming)勝。外地有不少人都(dou)知道嘉(jia)興有“煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)”!煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)有名(ming),跟(gen)明末(mo)張岱的一篇文章是分(fen)不開的。昆明大觀樓(lou)(lou),武漢黃鶴樓(lou)(lou),岳陽(yang)岳陽(yang)樓(lou)(lou),雄峻(jun)高(gao)大,都(dou)可(ke)以稱為(wei)“聳峙”的;而煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)是“坐”的,“坐”在垣墻之內(nei),平臺之上(shang)。煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)是南(nan)湖(hu)湖(hu)心(xin)島(dao)上(shang)的主要建筑,現已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)島(dao)上(shang)整個園林的泛稱。全(quan)園占(zhan)地11畝(mu),園內(nei)樓(lou)(lou)、堂、亭、閣(ge)錯列(lie),園周短墻曲欄(lan)圍(wei)繞,四面長堤回環。
主要景點
煙雨樓臺
煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)入口處(chu)為(wei)“清(qing)(qing)暉(hui)堂(tang)”,門(men)東北向,北墻嵌有(you)石(shi)碑(bei),刻“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”三大字(zi),為(wei)清(qing)(qing)順治年間冀應龍所書(shu)(shu)(shu)。入清(qing)(qing)暉(hui)堂(tang),兩(liang)(liang)側左為(wei)“菱香水謝”,右為(wei)“菰云(yun)(上(shang)竹下移)”,現均為(wei)接待室。菰云(yun)(上(shang)竹下移)右為(wei)觀(guan)音閣,三楹二層,晚清(qing)(qing)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格,系1987年重建(jian)。清(qing)(qing)暉(hui)堂(tang)后為(wei)。徹碑(bei)亭”,中(zhong)豎石(shi)碑(bei),刻有(you)乾隆游南(nan)湖(hu)題詩的手跡。經御碑(bei)亭進內即至煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)兩(liang)(liang)層,高約(yue)20米,建(jian)筑(zhu)面積640余平(ping)(ping)方米,重檐(yan)畫棟(dong),朱(zhu)柱明(ming)窗,在綠(lv)樹(shu)掩映下,更顯雄(xiong)偉。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)檐(yan)懸董(dong)必(bi)武所書(shu)(shu)(shu)“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”匾額,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下正(zheng)廳楹聯:“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)臺,革命萌生,此間曾著星星火(huo),風(feng)云(yun)世界,逢春蟄起,到處(chu)皆聞殷(yin)殷(yin)雷。”亦(yi)為(wei)董(dong)必(bi)武所書(shu)(shu)(shu),書(shu)(shu)(shu)體端正(zheng)勁挺,堪稱—代楷(kai)模。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)下均有(you)回廊環通,登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)憑欄遠眺,田園(yuan)湖(hu)光盡在眼底。煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)是開闊的平(ping)(ping)臺,有(you)兩(liang)(liang)棵古(gu)銀杏(xing)樹(shu)參(can)天挺立。臺外欄桿下有(you)“釣鰲磯”刻石(shi)。平(ping)(ping)臺東南(nan)側,即乾隆游南(nan)湖(hu)的另一處(chu)“御碑(bei)亭”。煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)后,假(jia)山(shan)巧峙,花木(mu)扶疏。假(jia)山(shan)西北,亭閣錯落排列,回顧曲徑相連,玲瓏精致,各具情趣(qu)。“寶梅亭”北原為(wei)“亦(yi)方壺(hu)”,1959年移建(jian)湖(hu)濱渡口,壁上(shang)有(you)清(qing)(qing)人許瑤(yao)光所書(shu)(shu)(shu)“嘉禾八景(jing)(附(fu)圖(tu))”碑(bei)(1990年又(you)移回煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)園(yuan)中(zhong)),1990年在渡口北側興建(jian)南(nan)湖(hu)革命紀念(nian)館,“亦(yi)方壺(hu)”被(bei)拆(chai)。
魚樂國
寶梅(mei)亭(ting)內陳列有元吳鎮風竹(zhu)刻石(shi),清(qing)彭玉(yu)麟梅(mei)花碑(bei)。亭(ting)外堤岸,垂柳翠竹(zhu)掩映朱增(zeng),墻上砌明代書畫家(jia)董其昌所書“魚樂國”碑(bei)。自(zi)寶梅(mei)亭(ting)前(qian)行,依次為“來許(xu)(xu)亭(ting)”、“鑒(jian)亭(ting)”。來許(xu)(xu)亭(ting)建于清(qing)同治十二(1873),
現亭內懸掛沈(shen)定一所書(shu)“民(min)國元年孫中山先生來(lai)游于此(ci)”困(kun)。鑒亭建于清光緒元年(1875)壁上有(you)許(xu)瑤光作鑒亭銘(ming)石(shi)刻(ke),現亭內陳列有(you)吳昌碩(shuo)歷書(shu)“畫家(jia)蒲華墓志銘(ming)”碑刻(ke)及道(dao)光二十(shi)八(ba)年(1848)清政府禁止香港工人罷工碑等石(shi)刻(ke)。亭后壁立(li)有(you)米(fu)碑,傳為(wei)米(fu)真跡。此(ci)外,在園(yuan)內還有(you)宋代蘇軾為(wei)李方(fang)叔(李())所書(shu)“馬券”帖石(shi)刻(ke),南宋岳坷(ke)的“洗(xi)鶴盆”,及從古北口運來(lai)的硅化(hua)木等文(wen)物,均(jun)保存完(wan)好。出鑒亭為(wei)一紫藤架(jia),枝干虬(qiu)曲,綠蔭覆(fu)地(di)。由此(ci)出園(yuan)側門下石(shi)階,即至(zhi)長堤(di)西(xi)部。堤(di)外一水(shui)泥船塢(wu),現在其上作水(shui)上餐(can)廳。循堤(di)左行,有(you)荷(he)花池,池湖相連處,小橋輕(qing)架(jia),是為(wei)萬福橋。橋東南邊(bian)停(ting)泊著革命紀(ji)念(nian)船。
長堤集園林內外景于(yu)一體(ti),紅船、荷池、釣鰲礬、煙雨樓(lou),層(ceng)次豐富,風光優美(mei)。1985年6月30日,嘉興(xing)市人民政(zheng)府將董必武1964年來南(nan)湖時為(wei)(wei)南(nan)湖革(ge)命(ming)紀念館所題(ti)的詩句朗刻成碑(bei),并建亭于(yu)紀念船旁,立(li)碑(bei)于(yu)亭中。翌(yi)年4月,楊(yang)尚昆為(wei)(wei)題(ti)額“訪蹤亭”。
其他景點
攬秀園
坐落在(zai)嘉(jia)興南(nan)湖(hu)西(xi)岸文(wen)星橋(qiao)畔,是嘉(jia)興市近(jin)年(nian)(nian)興建(jian)的(de)一(yi)(yi)座文(wen)物碑刻(ke)公園(yuan)。煙雨樓嘉(jia)興舊(jiu)名(ming)秀(xiu)州、秀(xiu)水,因(yin)“秀(xiu)水東(dong)(dong)會滬瀆(du),西(xi)控語(yu)溪,襟帶具區,獨攬(lan)其(qi)秀(xiu)”(《浙江通(tong)志》)而得(de)名(ming)。園(yuan)以碑廊(lang)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心,西(xi)為(wei)(wei)古建(jian)筑(zhu),內設著名(ming)畫家蒲華(hua)(又名(ming)蒲竹英,嘉(jia)興人,晚清書(shu)畫家,海上畫派(pai)創始人)紀(ji)念室(shi)。兩側長廊(lang)上嵌有(you)(you)“清儀閣”、“停(ting)云館(guan)”、“小靈(ling)鷲山館(guan)圖詠”刻(ke)石。其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)括嘉(jia)興歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)碑刻(ke)84塊及唐代(dai)(dai)(dai)吳(wu)道子手(shou)(shou)繪“出海觀(guan)音”石刻(ke)、元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai)重修嘉(jia)興路(lu)總管府(fu)學碑記等,這些(xie)均出自歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)著名(ming)的(de)書(shu)畫家如文(wen)徵明、趙之謙、何紹基(ji)、吳(wu)昌(chang)碩、任伯年(nian)(nian)之手(shou)(shou)。在(zai)五曲長廊(lang)東(dong)(dong)首八(ba)角亭中(zhong),還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座高(gao)2.8米(mi)、闊1.3米(mi)的(de)董(dong)其(qi)昌(chang)“嘉(jia)興府(fu)學重修明倫堂記”碑,其(qi)刻(ke)于(yu)明萬歷三(san)(san)十九年(nian)(nian)(1611),碑文(wen)行筆流暢,一(yi)(yi)氣呵成,風(feng)格秀(xiu)逸,古樸(pu)瀟(xiao)灑,甚稱一(yi)(yi)絕。碑廊(lang)東(dong)(dong)側為(wei)(wei)園(yuan)林(lin)區,有(you)(you)菱香(xiang)閣、三(san)(san)過(guo)亭、垂釣池等。三(san)(san)過(guo)亭是為(wei)(wei)紀(ji)念宋(song)代(dai)(dai)(dai)大文(wen)豪(hao)蘇(su)東(dong)(dong)坡三(san)(san)到(dao)嘉(jia)興本(ben)覺寺而建(jian)的(de),原在(zai)秀(xiu)洲(zhou)區陡門鎮,近(jin)年(nian)(nian)重建(jian),亭南(nan)碑廊(lang)中(zhong)保存有(you)(you)重建(jian)三(san)(san)過(guo)堂碑記。碑廊(lang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)菱香(xiang)閣,曝明代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu),登(deng)閣遠眺,南(nan)湖(hu)煙雨迷蒙,綠(lv)樹掩映中(zhong)的(de)小瀛洲(zhou)隱約可(ke)見(jian)。在(zai)攬(lan)秀(xiu)園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)的(de)文(wen)星橋(qiao)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)孔(kong)石環橋(qiao),建(jian)于(yu)清同治六(liu)年(nian)(nian),跨(kua)徑38米(mi),寬3.5米(mi),有(you)(you)階梯(ti)50步。橋(qiao)堍(tu)北園(yuan)、南(nan)園(yuan)之間(jian)為(wei)(wei)明清建(jian)筑(zhu)一(yi)(yi)條街,所有(you)(you)建(jian)筑(zhu)。
南湖革命紀念館
紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)原設(she)在(zai)嘉興(xing)(xing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)心島煙雨樓內(nei),現(xian)在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)心島對岸(an)擺渡口(kou)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)初,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)嘉興(xing)(xing)縣委(wei)(wei)根據地委(wei)(wei)指示,建(jian)立南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)籌(chou)(chou)(chou)建(jian)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)及(ji)辦公室,籌(chou)(chou)(chou)建(jian)經(jing)費(fei)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)文化(hua)部撥款(kuan)3萬元。由(you)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)議(yi)是以游(you)客泛舟為(wei)(wei)掩護,租用游(you)船(chuan)在(zai)艙(cang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)秘密舉行,而原船(chuan)已不可(ke)追蹤,同(tong)(tong)類游(you)船(chuan)也(ye)(ye)已絕(jue)跡(ji)。因此籌(chou)(chou)(chou)建(jian)開(kai)(kai)始的主要工(gong)作是弄(nong)清開(kai)(kai)會(hui)時(shi)游(you)船(chuan)的形制,經(jing)過大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的調查訪問,根據老(lao)船(chuan)工(gong)的回憶(yi),仿制了(le)(le)(le)一只單(dan)夾弄(nong)絲(si)網船(chuan)模型送中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)審定。得到了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)代表董必(bi)武的肯(ken)定,遂據以放大(da)(da)(da)仿制。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)在(zai)煙雨樓正(zheng)式成立,對外開(kai)(kai)放,陳列展出紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)船(chuan)和“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)史(shi)料(liao)(liao)”。該館(guan)(guan)建(jian)立后,許多中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領(ling)導人(ren)和知名(ming)人(ren)士(shi)曾(ceng)來(lai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)觀(guan)。1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)5日(ri)董必(bi)武視察南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)登上(shang)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)船(chuan),并為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詩一首。同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)19日(ri)郭沫(mo)若巡(xun)視南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),也(ye)(ye)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詩一首。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)和 1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)先后兩次向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領(ling)導和書(shu)畫家(jia)(jia)征(zheng)集(ji)(ji)(ji)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞和作品(pin)。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)宋慶齡寄(ji)來(lai)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞。以后,聶榮(rong)臻、徐向前等(deng)老(lao)一輩(bei)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)家(jia)(jia)也(ye)(ye)寄(ji)來(lai)題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)鄧小平(ping)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)題(ti)(ti)(ti)寫館(guan)(guan)名(ming)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)胡(hu)耀(yao)邦題(ti)(ti)(ti)寫了(le)(le)(le) “中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)址”。現(xian)館(guan)(guan)內(nei)珍藏中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)領(ling)導同(tong)(tong)志題(ti)(ti)(ti)詞及(ji)劉海(hai)粟、沙孟(meng)海(hai)等(deng)著名(ming)書(shu)畫家(jia)(jia)作品(pin)300余(yu)件。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)后,南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)除(chu)一大(da)(da)(da)黨(dang)史(shi)資料(liao)(liao)和革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)船(chuan)陳列外,又舉辦地方(fang)黨(dang)史(shi)資料(liao)(liao)展覽,有計劃地開(kai)(kai)展征(zheng)集(ji)(ji)(ji)黨(dang)史(shi)文獻資料(liao)(liao)、參與編寫出版(ban)了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)會(hui)議(yi)》、《南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)風(feng)景名(ming)勝》等(deng)。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),修改調整(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)一大(da)(da)(da)黨(dang)史(shi)史(shi)料(liao)(liao)陳列,通(tong)柜密封(feng),電腦顯(xian)示自動控(kong)制講解(jie),得到了(le)(le)(le)觀(guan)眾(zhong)好評(ping),近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)參觀(guan)人(ren)數(shu)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)達40余(yu)萬人(ren)次,并曾(ceng)接(jie)待過十幾個(ge)國家(jia)(jia)的外賓。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)嘉興(xing)(xing)市委(wei)(wei)采納5名(ming)政(zheng)協委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)建(jian)議(yi),同(tong)(tong)意(yi)市委(wei)(wei)組織部、宣傳部等(deng)15個(ge)單(dan)位的倡議(yi),決定開(kai)(kai)展“我(wo)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)增光(guang)輝”活動,集(ji)(ji)(ji)資興(xing)(xing)建(jian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)。選定了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)渡口(kou)北側為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)(nian)館(guan)(guan)館(guan)(guan)址,占地面積3870平(ping)方(fang)米。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)奠基動工(gong)興(xing)(xing)建(jian)。共(gong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)資320余(yu)萬元。
新(xin)館(guan)(guan)舍于1991年(nian)6月20日(ri)(ri)竣工(gong),建筑面積(ji)1980平方(fang)米,主體(ti)建筑俯(fu)瞰呈鐮刀鐵錘黨徽形狀,總高(gao)為(wei)19米,兩層(ceng),頂部(bu)矗立高(gao)6米井字(zi)形外方(fang)內園的(de)豐功牌(pai)坊,門媚(mei)鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)鄧(deng)小平題寫“南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)革(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)”7個金色大字(zi),館(guan)(guan)內分黨史陳列、文物庫房、接待室、管理(li)設施4個部(bu)分。1991年(nian)6月25日(ri)(ri)浙江(jiang)省(sheng)慶(qing)祝中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨成(cheng)(cheng)立70周年(nian)大會暨(ji)嘉(jia)興南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)革(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)新(xin)館(guan)(guan)舍落成(cheng)(cheng)典禮(li)在嘉(jia)興舉行,中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)政治(zhi)局常委(wei)(wei)宋(song)平,浙江(jiang)省(sheng)委(wei)(wei)書記(ji)(ji)李澤民,嘉(jia)興市委(wei)(wei)書記(ji)(ji)梁(liang)平波為(wei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)落成(cheng)(cheng)剪彩(cai)。是年(nian)7月1日(ri)(ri)正式對外開放。同年(nian)7月8日(ri)(ri)中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)總書記(ji)(ji)江(jiang)澤民、國(guo)(guo)務院副總理(li)田紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)云(yun)、書記(ji)(ji)處候補書記(ji)(ji)溫家寶一(yi)(yi)行視察南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu),1993年(nian)2月江(jiang)總書記(ji)(ji)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)題詞(ci)(ci),自(zi)1991年(nian)一(yi)(yi)1993年(nian)底(di)中(zhong)央(yang)領導(dao)同志李鵬、陳云(yun)、彭真(zhen)、李先念、姚依(yi)林等先后為(wei)南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)革(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)題詞(ci)(ci)。紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)樓展(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting)陳列了(le)《黨和國(guo)(guo)家領導(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)關懷》,展(zhan)(zhan)出了(le)中(zhong)央(yang)領導(dao)同志視察南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)時照片、題詞(ci)(ci)、題字(zi)手跡,還舉辦了(le)“我為(wei)南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)增光輝”征集書畫(hua)作品展(zhan)(zhan),展(zhan)(zhan)出書畫(hua)500余件,現(xian)南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)革(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)共(gong)有藏品673件,其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)品7件,自(zi)新(xin)館(guan)(guan)開放以來,共(gong)接待觀眾達千余萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)次。南(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)革(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)念館(guan)(guan)現(xian)設有辦公室、資(zi)料科、陳列科、接待科和旅游服(fu)務部(bu),截止1999年(nian)底(di)有工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)37人(ren)(ren)(ren),內有專業(ye)職稱22人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)中(zhong)副研究員(yuan)館(guan)(guan)員(yuan)1人(ren)(ren)(ren),館(guan)(guan)員(yuan)2人(ren)(ren)(ren),助館(guan)(guan)和管理(li)員(yuan)19人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
建筑特點
煙雨樓重檐飛翼,典雅古(gu)樸。樓周圍(wei)亭閣、長廊、假山(shan)、花(hua)臺,疏密相間,錯(cuo)落有(you)(you)致。湖中(zhong)有(you)(you)池,島(dao)中(zhong)有(you)(you)堤,體現了中(zhong)國造園藝術風格。
煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)始(shi)建于(yu)(yu)五代(dai)(dai)后(hou)晉年(nian)間(jian)(公元(yuan)936-947年(nian)),初位于(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)湖(hu)(hu)之濱,明嘉靖二十六年(nian)(公元(yuan)1548年(nian)),疏浚市(shi)河(he),所(suo)挖(wa)河(he)泥填入湖(hu)(hu)中(zhong)(zhong),遂(sui)成(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)心島(dao),次(ci)年(nian)移(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)于(yu)(yu)島(dao)上,從此(ci)這里被稱為“小瀛(ying)洲”。現樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為1918年(nian)重建,素以“微雨(yu)(yu)欲來,輕(qing)煙(yan)(yan)滿湖(hu)(hu),登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)遠眺,蒼茫迷蒙”的(de)景色著稱于(yu)(yu)世(shi)。取名(ming)(ming)(ming)于(yu)(yu)唐代(dai)(dai)詩人(ren)杜(du)牧(mu)的(de)詩句“南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝四百八十寺,多少(shao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)臺(tai)煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)”。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)四周短墻曲欄圍繞,四面長(chang)堤回環,入口處(chu)為清暉堂(tang),門外北(bei)側(ce)墻上嵌有“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。堂(tang)后(hou)和煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)正樓(lou)(lou)(lou)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)側(ce)各(ge)有一座乾隆帝(di)題(ti)詩的(de)“御碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)”。清暉堂(tang)兩(liang)側(ce)左為“菱香水榭(xie)”,右(you)為“菰云簃”。走廊(lang)右(you)有寶梅(mei)(mei)亭(ting),內有清代(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)將(jiang)彭玉麟畫(hua)(hua)的(de)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)兩(liang)塊。煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)正樓(lou)(lou)(lou)高約20 米(mi),面積640平方米(mi),重檐畫(hua)(hua)棟,朱柱明窗,氣(qi)勢非凡。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)檐懸董必武(wu)所(suo)書“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”匾額,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)正廳楹聯:“煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)臺(tai),革命萌生,此(ci)間(jian)曾著星星火,風云世(shi)界,逢春蟄起(qi),到處(chu)皆聞殷殷雷。”亦(yi)為董必武(wu)所(suo)書。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)中(zhong)(zhong)還有許多石(shi)刻,其中(zhong)(zhong)宋(song)代(dai)(dai)蘇軾、黃庭堅、米(mi)芾的(de)題(ti)刻,元(yuan)代(dai)(dai)吳鎮竹畫(hua)(hua)刻石(shi),近代(dai)(dai)吳昌碩所(suo)書的(de)墓志(zhi)銘碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)刻等較為著名(ming)(ming)(ming)。煙(yan)(yan)雨(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)后(hou),假(jia)山巧(qiao)峙(zhi),花(hua)木(mu)扶(fu)疏。假(jia)山西北(bei),亭(ting)閣錯落排列(lie),回廊(lang)曲徑相(xiang)連,玲瓏精致,各(ge)具情趣。
登煙(yan)雨(yu)樓望南湖(hu)景(jing)色,別(bie)有情(qing)趣。夏日倚欄遠(yuan)眺,湖(hu)中接天蓮葉無(wu)窮碧;春天細雨(yu)霏(fei)霏(fei),湖(hu)面上(shang)下煙(yan)雨(yu)朦朧,景(jing)色全在(zai)煙(yan)霧之中。
湖心島東南岸,停泊(bo)著一只(zhi)中(zhong)型游舫(fang),按當年中(zhong)共(gong)“一大(da)”開會的游舫(fang)重建。