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建造背景

華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是唐代(dai)(dai)封建帝(di)王游幸的(de)(de)別宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。背(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面渭(wei)，倚驪(li)(li)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而筑，規模宏大，建筑壯麗(li)，樓(lou)臺館殿，遍布驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)下(xia)。唐詩人(ren)(ren)白居易(yi)(yi)《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)》詩曰：“高(gao)高(gao)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)有宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，朱樓(lou)紫殿三四(si)重”。清(qing)人(ren)(ren)錢維喬(qiao)《華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》詩道(dao)：“華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)之(zhi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)足，玉殿千重相連(lian)屬”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)色宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)，溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)蕩邪去疾。傳說遠在(zai)三千年(nian)(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)西周(zhou)時期，就已(yi)成(cheng)為周(zhou)天子的(de)(de)游幸之(zhi)地。那時的(de)(de)溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)名(ming)(ming)“星辰湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”。《三秦記》載(zai)(zai)：“始皇(huang)(huang)初，砌石(shi)起宇，名(ming)(ming)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)，漢武加(jia)修飾焉”。北周(zhou)武帝(di)天和四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（569），令大冢(zhong)宰宇文(wen)護(hu)造皇(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)石(shi)井。隋(sui)文(wen)帝(di)開皇(huang)(huang)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（583）列植松柏千株，修屋建宇。至(zhi)唐代(dai)(dai)逐步(bu)形成(cheng)規模。唐太宗(zong)貞觀十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（644），詔左衛(wei)大將軍姜行本，將作大匠(jiang)閻立德建宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)室樓(lou)閣，賜名(ming)(ming)“湯(tang)(tang)(tang)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。《冊府元龜》載(zai)(zai)：“貞觀二(er)十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（648）正月戊戌，帝(di)如溫(wen)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)。癸(gui)卯，御(yu)制(zhi)碑以(yi)示(shi)群臣”。唐高(gao)宗(zong)咸亨(heng)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（671）改名(ming)(ming)溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐玄宗(zong)天寶六(liu)載(zai)(zai)（747），更溫(wen)泉(quan)(quan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“環宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所置百(bai)司區(qu)署，詔琯(guan)總經度(du)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，疏巖剔藪，為天子游覽(lan)”（《唐書(shu)·房琯(guan)傳》）。華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)在(zai)驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)叫驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦(yi)稱驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。白居易(yi)(yi)《驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)》詩：“驪(li)(li)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)兮入云”。驪(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)似錦若(ruo)繡(xiu)，一名(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)嶺，宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。唐代(dai)(dai)詩人(ren)(ren)崔涂、李商(shang)隱、崔道(dao)融詠華(hua)(hua)(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，皆以(yi)“繡(xiu)嶺宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”為詩名(ming)(ming)。

歷史變遷

華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)始建于(yu)唐初，鼎盛于(yu)唐玄宗(zong)執政以(yi)后。唐玄宗(zong)悉心(xin)經營建起(qi)如此宏大的(de)(de)離宮(gong)，他幾乎(hu)每(mei)年(nian)十月(yue)都要到(dao)此游(you)(you)幸(xing)(xing)。歲盡始還長安。故(gu)有“十月(yue)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)天子來，青繩御路無塵埃”之(zhi)名句(ju)。據清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)本《臨潼(tong)縣志》載(zai)：從(cong)開元二年(nian)（714）到(dao)天寶十四(si)年(nian)（755）的(de)(de)40年(nian)間，先(xian)后出游(you)(you)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)36次，有時一(yi)(yi)年(nian)兩(liang)去，其(qi)微行間出無法(fa)計算。游(you)(you)幸(xing)(xing)規模甚大，“千乘(cheng)萬(wan)旗被(bei)原(yuan)野(ye)，云霞草(cao)木相輝光”。“八十一(yi)(yi)車千萬(wan)騎，朝(chao)有宴飲暮有賜”。等(deng)于(yu)把長安的(de)(de)政府機關搬(ban)到(dao)驪山(shan)，竟然以(yi)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)為中心(xin)，形成了一(yi)(yi)個新的(de)(de)城市。安史亂后，政局(ju)突變，唐玄宗(zong)終于(yu)從(cong)皇(huang)帝的(de)(de)寶座上跌(die)落了下來。華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)的(de)(de)游(you)(you)幸(xing)(xing)迅速衰落，唐朝(chao)以(yi)后各代皇(huang)帝已很少出游(you)(you)華(hua)清(qing)宮(gong)。

后晉高祖天福年間，把破壞的華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)“改曰(yue)靈(ling)泉觀”，賜予道士。宋時(shi)，“湯所館殿(dian)，鞠為茂草(cao)”，建筑物(wu)已十分破爛。宋人只能根據華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的遺(yi)跡，“刊(kan)故宮(gong)圖于石”，讓后人知道唐代華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)的全盛而已。至元(yuan)世(shi)祖中統(tong)二年（1261）以前(qian)，有(you)趙志(zhi)古(gu)等(deng)人，組(zu)織民間力量，曾(ceng)以15年的時(shi)間整(zheng)修(xiu)華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)，曾(ceng)建起三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)等(deng)八座大(da)殿(dian)，朝元(yuan)、沖明二閣和(he)九(jiu)龍、芙蓉等(deng)湯池（據乾隆本《臨潼縣志(zhi)》）。以后又逐漸蕭條。清(qing)(qing)(qing)圣祖康熙(xi)四十二年（1702）冬十一月西巡時(shi)也重(zhong)修(xiu)過華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)池（原華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)宮(gong)），他曾(ceng)“駐(zhu)蹕溫泉”。民國時(shi)期，也有(you)過幾次(ci)整(zheng)修(xiu)，可是華(hua)清(qing)(qing)(qing)池及驪山所存古(gu)建，大(da)約就是清(qing)(qing)(qing)初重(zhong)建后所保留下(xia)的格局，到(dao)解(jie)放(fang)前(qian)已是湯池寥落(luo)，宮(gong)殿(dian)蕭疏，一片破敗景象。

解放后人民(min)政府自1959年起進行了(le)大規模的擴建，辟湯池，修殿宇(yu)，建賓館，開花園，使古老(lao)的華清宮煥(huan)發(fa)了(le)青春，成為人民(min)群眾游(you)樂之處。

景區榮譽

2018年(nian)4月13日(ri)，2018中(zhong)國西北(bei)旅游營銷大(da)會暨(ji)旅游裝備展上，入圍“神奇(qi)西北(bei)100景”排名第二。