唐(tang)以前,講武城遺(yi)址稱武城。
宋代(dai)以后,武城改稱講武城。
1958年,在講(jiang)武城遺址(zhi)火車站附(fu)近(jin)進行部分(fen)發掘。
講(jiang)武城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),位于河北省邯鄲市磁縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)漳河北岸講(jiang)武城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)西面和南(nan)(nan)面,南(nan)(nan)達鄭(zheng)衛,北通(tong)燕趙,原(yuan)是南(nan)(nan)北長(chang),東西窄(zhai),因南(nan)(nan)部(bu)被漳河沖毀(hui)(hui),殘存遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)相(xiang)反(fan)為東西寬,南(nan)(nan)北窄(zhai);南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)被漳水(shui)沖沒,西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)各被沖毀(hui)(hui)一(yi)部(bu)分,北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)還有(you)7段,遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)墻(qiang)(qiang)基寬為17-26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)體寬處(chu)大約有(you)9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),窄(zhai)處(chu)僅(jin)有(you)3-4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高處(chu)近(jin)9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的東北角(jiao)至西北角(jiao)長(chang)1169米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東墻(qiang)(qiang)殘存200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西墻(qiang)(qiang)尚存920米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)址(zhi)(zhi)殘高2-9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上寬6.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),均(jun)為黃(huang)土堆積而成,在土層中間散(san)落著很(hen)多貝殼(ke)。
講武城遺(yi)(yi)址文(wen)化堆積上為(wei)(wei)東漢文(wen)化層(ceng),下為(wei)(wei)戰國文(wen)化層(ceng),個別地方還有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)早的文(wen)化層(ceng),出土遺(yi)(yi)物有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)虎(hu)雕刻像(xiang)(xiang)、石(shi)斧、石(shi)錛、白釉(you)覆(fu)蓮(lian)罐(guan)、陶(tao)俑、繩紋筒瓦和(he)板瓦等;石(shi)虎(hu)雕刻像(xiang)(xiang),為(wei)(wei)北朝時(shi)期墓葬前(qian)神道石(shi)刻像(xiang)(xiang),又稱石(shi)虎(hu)坑,虎(hu)像(xiang)(xiang)呈現蹲(dun)坐狀,頭部略有(you)(you)(you)(you)損毀,整體(ti)保存較(jiao)好(hao),高約(yue)1.9米,底長(chang)約(yue)1.6米,重(zhong)約(yue)4噸,4肢(zhi)襯以羽翅紋;白釉(you)覆(fu)蓮(lian)罐(guan),胎呈白色,有(you)(you)(you)(you)4系(xi),施白釉(you),釉(you)上還點綴有(you)(you)(you)(you)綠彩(cai)和(he)黃彩(cai),為(wei)(wei)“齊三彩(cai)”;陶(tao)俑大(da)到(dao)眼(yan)耳鼻口,小(xiao)到(dao)眉(mei)毛、胡子和(he)唇紅都清晰可(ke)見,特(te)殊部分陶(tao)俑的耳朵用黃金包裹涂(tu)抹。
磁(ci)縣是(shi)殷都、趙都、鄴都“三(san)都”文化交匯之地。其(qi)中,講武城遺址位于磁(ci)縣城南(nan)10公里的漳河北岸,是(shi)歷代兵家必爭之地,保存有部分(fen)城墻(qiang),具有重要的歷史、文物(wu)和藝術(shu)價(jia)值。
2006年5月25日(ri),講武城遺址被中華(hua)人民(min)共和國(guo)國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)公布為第六批全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位;2010年11月1日(ri),由河北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)人民(min)政府設(she)立保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)(fan)圍:東(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)均以城墻基(ji)外(wai)(wai)沿為基(ji)線(xian),各(ge)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)擴60米(mi),南(nan)以斷崖為界,其(qi)東(dong)西長1439米(mi),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬1410米(mi);建設(she)控制地帶(dai):以保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)(fan)圍為基(ji)線(xian),東(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)各(ge)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)擴30米(mi),南(nan)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)擴50米(mi),均至農(nong)田。
三國時期,曹(cao)(cao)操在(zai)(zai)官渡以少勝多,擊(ji)敗袁紹后,占據鄴(ye)城(cheng)(cheng),大(da)規(gui)模地興建(jian)土木(mu)建(jian)筑(zhu),在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)北漳河大(da)修(xiu)玄武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)池以保水(shui)路安全(quan),在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)西要道經(jing)營(ying)(ying)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)以抵御陸路之(zhi)敵,如此水(shui)陸設防,拱衛鄴(ye)都。曹(cao)(cao)操的(de)兵馬(ma)經(jing)常在(zai)(zai)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)動,把講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)為培養武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)將的(de)基地,據說曹(cao)(cao)操曾經(jing)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)演(yan)講(jiang)軍(jun)事(shi)戰(zhan)術,講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)名由(you)此而來(lai)。《魏(wei)書(shu)》中(zhong)記載(zai)(zai):“太祖御軍(jun)三十余年(nian),手不舍書(shu)。書(shu)則講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)策,夜則思經(jing)傳。”講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)村南(nan)的(de)村子叫(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)營(ying)(ying),之(zhi)前叫(jiao)(jiao)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)營(ying)(ying),據說是當年(nian)曹(cao)(cao)操駐軍(jun)的(de)兵營(ying)(ying)。”宋代洪(hong)皓《講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)》詩(shi)(shi):“……曹(cao)(cao)公走熙(xi)尚,氣欲陵韓白(bai)。欺(qi)取計已成(cheng),軍(jun)容(rong)漫輝赫。跨漳筑(zhu)大(da)城(cheng)(cheng)……四陵寄遺恨,講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)存(cun)陳跡。”詩(shi)(shi)中(zhong)說的(de)就是曹(cao)(cao)操在(zai)(zai)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)、屯(tun)軍(jun)、練兵的(de)事(shi)情(qing)。《漢書(shu)·地理志》記載(zai)(zai):“鄴(ye)有……武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)”,《水(shui)經(jing)注》也記載(zai)(zai):“漳水(shui)又東經(jing)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)”。曹(cao)(cao)操去(qu)世后,在(zai)(zai)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)布72疑冢。南(nan)宋詩(shi)(shi)人范(fan)成(cheng)大(da)寫詩(shi)(shi)《七十二冢》:“一(yi)棺何用冢如林,誰復如公負此心。聞說北人為封土,世間(jian)隨事(shi)有知(zhi)音。”范(fan)成(cheng)大(da)還專門(men)給詩(shi)(shi)作(zuo)了(le)注:“七十二冢在(zai)(zai)講(jiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai),曹(cao)(cao)操疑冢也。森然彌望,北人比(bi)常增封之(zhi)。”
門票
講武城(cheng)遺址門票(piao)免(mian)費。
開放時間
講武城(cheng)遺址開放時間(jian)為(wei)全(quan)天。
交通線路
途經講武城遺址的公交(jiao)線路有(you)邯鄲公交(jiao)902路。