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主要經歷

宋(song)寧宗(zong)慶元(yuan)四年(nian)（1198年(nian)）十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)六(liu)日，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西省都昌(chang)縣陽峰鄉共升府(fu)(fu)前村，名(ming)臨，字子遠，號古(gu)(gu)心(xin)，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)是其出(chu)仕(shi)后(hou)的用名(ming)。與(yu)弟江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)載、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)頃(qing)因(yin)為先后(hou)科(ke)舉(ju)高中(zhong)(zhong)，且又(you)都登仕(shi)宋(song)庭高官，最(zui)后(hou)又(you)先后(hou)殉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，被(bei)(bei)時人(ren)和(he)(he)后(hou)世(shi)雅稱為江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏“三(san)(san)古(gu)(gu)”或江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏“三(san)(san)昆玉”。南宋(song)著(zhu)名(ming)愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)丞(cheng)相，民族(zu)英雄，是南宋(song)末(mo)年(nian)仕(shi)林和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)壇領袖，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)三(san)(san)世(shi)紀著(zhu)名(ming)的政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)教育(yu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)。一人(ren)獨(du)自創(chuang)立三(san)(san)所高等學(xue)(xue)府(fu)(fu)，為古(gu)(gu)今(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第一人(ren)，尤(you)其是其所創(chuang)辦的白鷺(lu)洲書(shu)院，延續千(qian)(qian)年(nian)，在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)舉(ju)時代(dai)共培養出(chu)文(wen)(wen)天祥等十(shi)七位狀(zhuang)元(yuan)，2700多名(ming)進士，書(shu)院所在的江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)西吉安科(ke)舉(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)選人(ren)數幾近(jin)此后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)千(qian)(qian)年(nian)科(ke)舉(ju)的一半(ban)，被(bei)(bei)稱為千(qian)(qian)年(nian)“文(wen)(wen)章節義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦”為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)書(shu)院之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)為官清廉，敢言(yan)直(zhi)諫(jian)，無論朝官還是放任地方府(fu)(fu)省均(jun)政(zheng)績(ji)斐然，為官府(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)百姓所稱道(dao)；一生(sheng)(sheng)雖(sui)屢(lv)(lv)受(shou)權(quan)奸排擠(ji)，屢(lv)(lv)遭罷貶，而(er)始終(zhong)不畏權(quan)奸，不泯憂國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)愛民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)；在南宋(song)末(mo)民族(zu)矛(mao)盾(dun)激化(hua)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)危難(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，始則(ze)“手培國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本，力濟時艱”，“但見拳拳于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)事，未嘗(chang)汲(ji)汲(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)身(shen)謀”，“極(ji)力破權(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死黨，奮身(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)善類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊盟，精白一心(xin)，創(chuang)切百奏，風彩聳聞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)列辟，霜棱(leng)愈棱(leng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內臺，其序升橫榻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班，以(yi)增重本朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢”，“以(yi)淳(chun)心(xin)正學(xue)(xue)，輔(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)視政(zheng)，起(qi)賢遠識(shi)，為時奇艾，若朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典章，軍國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機務，生(sheng)(sheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休戚，政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失，皆常履而(er)知(zhi)矣”當其窮盡一生(sheng)(sheng)，年(nian)老體弱，無力補天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，則(ze)“從容坐守，以(yi)為民望(wang)”“死不離(li)城”繼而(er)“去生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)死，義(yi)節忠(zhong)肝”恨“生(sheng)(sheng)面被(bei)(bei)執，為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恥”，“憤(fen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)云(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang)，恥腥膻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)移，雖(sui)神林故鄉可以(yi)終(zhong)其天年(nian)，旦不肯為，而(er)況于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)屈(qu)身(shen)事虜者哉(zai)！”最(zui)終(zhong)“左右攜孫(sun)，自為紛紛，父忠(zhong)子孝，兄貞弟烈(lie)，天義(yi)婦(fu)順，笑赴止水”“從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者同知(zhi)君，積尸如疊，不審其偕老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)媛，而(er)婢(bi)仆亦爭以(yi)盡”。在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)破家(jia)(jia)(jia)亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)與(yu)其子江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鎬，毅然率180多家(jia)(jia)(jia)人(ren)投(tou)止水池殉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，希望(wang)以(yi)自己(ji)及家(jia)(jia)(jia)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死喚醒“天下(xia)忠(zhong)義(yi)節烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士聞風而(er)起(qi)，聚集萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)眾(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，保江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)山社(she)稷不移腥膻，道(dao)德文(wen)(wen)章不墮宇內”，其一生(sheng)(sheng)堪稱古(gu)(gu)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)完人(ren)，千(qian)(qian)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)德風范(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楷模。

貢獻影響

宋嘉定(ding)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1222年(nian)(nian)(nian)），江萬里貢入(ru)大學，太子趙昀(yun)（宋理(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)）極為(wei)(wei)賞識(shi)，曾書(shu)(shu)“江萬里”三字于(yu)(yu)幾硯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。寶慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1226年(nian)(nian)(nian)）以(yi)舍選(xuan)登進士第，所作(zuo)策(ce)論(lun)(lun)，《郭子儀(yi)單騎見虎》文(wen)中表露對郭子儀(yi)的(de)膽識(shi)和愛國情操仰慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)考官閱卷為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)情，欣(xin)然批道：“立(li)意新(xin)而措詞妙，高古(gu)文(wen)也。”寶慶六年(nian)(nian)(nian)，以(yi)舍選(xuan)出(chu)身，任(ren)池州(zhou)(zhou)教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)。后召館試，歷任(ren)著(zhu)作(zuo)佐郎(lang)，權尚左郎(lang)官兼樞密院(yuan)(yuan)檢詳文(wen)字。嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)）出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉州(zhou)(zhou)軍(jun)，其(qi)所作(zuo)《勸農(nong)詩》云：“父老前來吾語爾(er)，官民相近(jin)古(gu)遺風(feng)。欲知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太守樂其(qi)樂，樂在(zai)田家歡笑中。”從(cong)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余，特別熱心(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。淳(chun)祜元年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1241年(nian)(nian)(nian)）于(yu)(yu)吉州(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)治廬陵縣城東贛(gan)江之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)，廣泛收藏圖書(shu)(shu)，收授(shou)門徒(tu)。奏聞朝廷，理(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)御(yu)書(shu)(shu)賜匾(bian)額“白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)”。當時(shi)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)沒有(you)另(ling)任(ren)山長，他(ta)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)事(shi)，自為(wei)(wei)諸生講(jiang)授(shou)，忘其(qi)為(wei)(wei)大府(fu)。后人為(wei)(wei)他(ta)立(li)碑，表彰他(ta)的(de)辦學功道：江萬里創(chuang)白(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)(lu)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)，使“縉紳（即官宦代稱）德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，吏民憐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，悍卒(zu)（勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人）化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)，遷(qian)直(zhi)秘閣(ge)，知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆興(xing)府(fu)，又(you)(you)在(zai)隆興(xing)府(fu)建(jian)(jian)宗(zong)(zong)濂精舍，廣聚生徒(tu)，講(jiang)學其(qi)中。奏聞朝廷，理(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)又(you)(you)親(qin)賜書(shu)(shu)御(yu)書(shu)(shu)匾(bian)額。這(zhe)期間(jian)(jian)，他(ta)還囑告南安知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)林壽公(gong)在(zai)其(qi)軍(jun)治大庾縣源三先生祠（祀周敦頤，程(cheng)頤，程(cheng)顥(hao)）擴建(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)周程(cheng)書(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)。因辦學成績卓著(zhu)，于(yu)(yu)淳(chun)祜三年(nian)(nian)(nian)遷(qian)考功郎(lang)官，兼直(zhi)秘閣(ge)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)健康府(fu)崇禧觀。不久，改(gai)任(ren)紹興(xing)府(fu)千秋鳴禧觀，后又(you)(you)以(yi)駕部(bu)郎(lang)官召，遷(qian)尚右兼侍(shi)(shi)講(jiang)。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1245年(nian)(nian)(nian)）三月，與理(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)談論(lun)(lun)諸事(shi)得失，曾說(shuo)：“君子只知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)事(shi)非，不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)利害。”他(ta)秉性耿(geng)直(zhi)，剛正(zheng)不阿，十(shi)一月上(shang)書(shu)(shu)彈(dan)劾林光遷(qian)等(deng)依權附勢(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)。十(shi)二月不顧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降(jiang)派反對，勸說(shuo)理(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)啟用趙葵主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持兵(bing)事(shi)，陳韋單主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持財政，使主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)戰派一度得以(yi)執掌朝政，為(wei)(wei)此屢遭(zao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降(jiang)派攻擊。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)，他(ta)升遷(qian)監察御(yu)史兼侍(shi)(shi)講(jiang)，未幾，又(you)(you)升殿中侍(shi)(shi)御(yu)史。這(zhe)時(shi)的(de)江萬里，“器(qi)望清峻，論(lun)(lun)議風(feng)采(cai)，傾動(dong)于(yu)(yu)時(shi)。”但(dan)忤者嫉妒，謗(bang)言(yan)興(xing)起，言(yan)其(qi)母病未能及時(shi)到家送終，使其(qi)遭(zao)受(shou)酷(ku)罰，坐廢十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。

寶祐(you)三年(nian)（1255年(nian)），由于陸(lu)德興為(wei)江萬(wan)里辨白而得以(yi)(yi)啟用，任(ren)福(fu)建(jian)轉運使。開(kai)慶元年(nian)（1259年(nian)）正月，投(tou)入(ru)(ru)京湖宣撫大使賈(jia)似(si)道幕(mu)下任(ren)參(can)謀(mou)官(guan)。十月賈(jia)似(si)道入(ru)(ru)相，萬(wan)里同時入(ru)(ru)朝兼國(guo)子(zi)監(jian)祭灑，侍(shi)讀。景定(ding)元年(nian)（1260年(nian)）入(ru)(ru)對。遷(qian)刑(xing)部侍(shi)郎。不久(jiu)，升(sheng)吏部尚書(shu)。次年(nian)（1261年(nian)）。進遷(qian)端(duan)明殿學士，同簽書(shu)樞密(mi)院院事兼太子(zi)賓客。這年(nian)，萬(wan)里已年(nian)逾六十，是(shi)賈(jia)似(si)道府(fu)(fu)中之任(ren)職(zhi)最久(jiu)者。他(ta)開(kai)始雖府(fu)(fu)仰默客，為(wei)賈(jia)似(si)道所用，但他(ta)秉性耿直，臨事不能無(wu)言。賈(jia)似(si)道惡（討厭）其輕發（輕率，說話(hua)不夠慎重），經常觸怒賈(jia)似(si)道，故(gu)第每(mei)次都不能久(jiu)在其位。這年(nian)。又(you)因言論而被解職(zhi)，只以(yi)(yi)端(duan)明殿學士提臨安府(fu)(fu)洞霄宮。至景定(ding)四年(nian)，才以(yi)(yi)原職(zhi)出任(ren)福(fu)州知州兼福(fu)建(jian)安撫使。

景定四(si)年(nian)十一月，宋(song)度(du)宗(zong)(zong)即位(wei)，詔求直言(yan)善諫之士(shi)(shi)，召江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)回(hui)行都臨安(an)(an)。咸(xian)淳(chun)元年(nian)（1265年(nian)）二月，任萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)同(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)樞(shu)密院事(shi)，兼(jian)參(can)知(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)事(shi)，又與賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道同(tong)朝(chao)。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道擅政(zheng)后(hou)，位(wei)極人臣，極力推(tui)行賣國張，使(shi)疆土日(ri)削，國勢日(ri)危，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)不能耐何，便于(yu)同(tong)年(nian)七月，奏請歸田，未(wei)允(yun)。十二月，賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道辭職要挾度(du)宗(zong)(zong)，宋(song)度(du)宗(zong)(zong)涕(ti)泣，欲拜(bai)留，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)當即以(yi)身掖帝云：“自古(gu)無此(ci)君臣禮，陛下不可拜(bai)。”又一次(ci)(ci)觸怒(nu)了(le)賈(jia)(jia)。帝在講(jiang)筵，每(mei)問經史及古(gu)人姓(xing)名，賈(jia)(jia)不能對，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)常從旁代答(da)，使(shi)賈(jia)(jia)積怒(nu)而謀逐出(chu)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。江(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)與賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道每(mei)每(mei)相(xiang)忤，不得已四(si)次(ci)(ci)上書(shu)求退，于(yu)咸(xian)淳(chun)三(san)年(nian)出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)太平州(zhou)兼(jian)江(jiang)東轉(zhuan)運使(shi)，后(hou)又轉(zhuan)湖南任安(an)(an)撫大使(shi)，咸(xian)淳(chun)五年(nian)，又自湖南召拜(bai)參(can)知(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)事(shi)，封南康郡公，剛到任，又拜(bai)左(zuo)丞相(xiang)兼(jian)樞(shu)密使(shi)。六(liu)年(nian)，蒙(meng)古(gu)軍圍攻襄陽，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)屢請派(pai)援軍救(jiu)護，賈(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道不許(xu)，于(yu)是萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)又因(yin)此(ci)被委以(yi)觀文殿大學(xue)士(shi)(shi)出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)州(zhou)兼(jian)福(fu)建安(an)(an)撫大使(shi)，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)堅持，依舊職提(ti)舉洞霄宮。

咸淳(chun)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1274），元兵大舉渡江，江萬(wan)里(li)聞(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，泰然處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)走(zou)不(bu)(bu)逃。憤而怒曰(yue)：“大勢(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)支，余雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)位，當與(yu)宋嘉定十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1222年(nian)(nian)(nian)），江萬(wan)里(li)貢(gong)入大學(xue)，太子(zi)(zi)趙昀(yun)（宋理(li)(li)宗(zong)）極為賞識，曾書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)“江萬(wan)里(li)”三字(zi)于(yu)幾硯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。寶慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1226年(nian)(nian)(nian)）以(yi)(yi)舍(she)(she)選登進士第，所作策論，《郭子(zi)(zi)儀單騎見虎》文中表露對(dui)郭子(zi)(zi)儀的膽識和愛國情操仰慕(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，主(zhu)(zhu)考官(guan)(guan)閱卷為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動情，欣然批道：“立(li)意新而措詞妙(miao)，高(gao)古(gu)文也。”寶慶六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，以(yi)(yi)舍(she)(she)選出身(shen)，任(ren)池(chi)州(zhou)(zhou)教(jiao)授(shou)。后(hou)(hou)召館試，歷任(ren)著作佐郎(lang)，權(quan)尚左郎(lang)官(guan)(guan)兼樞密院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)檢(jian)詳文字(zi)。嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)）出知吉(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)軍，其(qi)(qi)所作《勸農詩》云(yun)：“父老(lao)前來吾語(yu)爾，官(guan)(guan)民相近古(gu)遺風(feng)。欲(yu)知太守樂其(qi)(qi)樂，樂在(zai)(zai)田家歡笑中。”從政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余，特(te)別熱心教(jiao)育。淳(chun)祜元年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1241年(nian)(nian)(nian)）于(yu)吉(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)治廬陵(ling)縣城東贛江之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，創建白(bai)鷺州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，廣泛收藏圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，收授(shou)門徒(tu)。奏聞(wen)(wen)朝廷，理(li)(li)宗(zong)御(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)賜(si)匾(bian)(bian)額(e)“白(bai)鷺州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”。當時(shi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)沒有另任(ren)山長(chang)，他自主(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)，自為諸(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)講授(shou)，忘其(qi)(qi)為大府。后(hou)(hou)人為他立(li)碑，表彰他的辦學(xue)功(gong)道：江萬(wan)里(li)創白(bai)鷺書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，使(shi)“縉(jin)紳（即官(guan)(guan)宦代稱）德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，吏民憐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，悍(han)卒（勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人）化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)，遷(qian)直(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)閣，知隆(long)興(xing)府，又(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)隆(long)興(xing)府建宗(zong)濂精舍(she)(she)，廣聚生(sheng)(sheng)徒(tu)，講學(xue)其(qi)(qi)中。奏聞(wen)(wen)朝廷，理(li)(li)宗(zong)又(you)(you)親賜(si)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)御(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)匾(bian)(bian)額(e)。這期間，他還囑(zhu)告南(nan)安知軍林壽公在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)軍治大庾縣源三先生(sheng)(sheng)祠（祀(si)周(zhou)敦頤，程(cheng)(cheng)頤，程(cheng)(cheng)顥(hao)）擴建為周(zhou)程(cheng)(cheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。因辦學(xue)成績卓著，于(yu)淳(chun)祜三年(nian)(nian)(nian)遷(qian)考功(gong)郎(lang)官(guan)(guan)，兼直(zhi)(zhi)秘(mi)閣，主(zhu)(zhu)管健康(kang)府崇禧觀(guan)(guan)。不(bu)(bu)久，改任(ren)紹興(xing)府千秋鳴禧觀(guan)(guan)，后(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)駕部郎(lang)官(guan)(guan)召，遷(qian)尚右兼侍(shi)講。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1245年(nian)(nian)(nian)）三月(yue)(yue)，與(yu)理(li)(li)宗(zong)談論諸(zhu)事(shi)(shi)得失，曾說：“君子(zi)(zi)只知有事(shi)(shi)非，不(bu)(bu)知有利害(hai)。”他秉性(xing)耿直(zhi)(zhi)，剛正(zheng)不(bu)(bu)阿(a)，十一月(yue)(yue)上書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彈劾林光遷(qian)等依(yi)權(quan)附勢(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)。十二月(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)顧主(zhu)(zhu)降(jiang)派(pai)反對(dui)，勸說理(li)(li)宗(zong)啟用趙葵(kui)主(zhu)(zhu)持兵事(shi)(shi)，陳(chen)韋單主(zhu)(zhu)持財(cai)政(zheng)，使(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)戰派(pai)一度得以(yi)(yi)執掌朝政(zheng)，為此(ci)屢(lv)遭主(zhu)(zhu)降(jiang)派(pai)攻擊。六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，他升遷(qian)監察御(yu)史兼侍(shi)講，未幾，又(you)(you)升殿中侍(shi)御(yu)史。這時(shi)的江萬(wan)里(li)，“器望清峻(jun)，論議風(feng)采，傾(qing)動于(yu)時(shi)。”但忤者嫉(ji)妒，謗言興(xing)起(qi)，言其(qi)(qi)母病未能及時(shi)到家送(song)終，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)遭受酷罰，坐廢十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。

寶祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)），由于陸德興為江萬里(li)辨白(bai)而得以啟用，任(ren)(ren)福建(jian)轉運使。開慶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1259年(nian)(nian)(nian)）正(zheng)月，投(tou)入(ru)(ru)京湖宣(xuan)撫大使賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道幕下任(ren)(ren)參謀官。十月賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道入(ru)(ru)相，萬里(li)同(tong)時(shi)入(ru)(ru)朝兼國子(zi)監(jian)祭灑，侍讀(du)。景定(ding)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1260年(nian)(nian)(nian)）入(ru)(ru)對(dui)。遷(qian)刑(xing)部侍郎。不久(jiu)，升吏部尚(shang)書。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1261年(nian)(nian)(nian)）。進遷(qian)端明殿(dian)學(xue)士(shi)，同(tong)簽書樞密院院事兼太(tai)子(zi)賓客(ke)。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)，萬里(li)已(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)逾(yu)六十，是賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道府(fu)中之任(ren)(ren)職最久(jiu)者(zhe)。他開始雖府(fu)仰默(mo)客(ke)，為賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道所(suo)用，但他秉性耿直，臨事不能無言。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道惡（討(tao)厭）其輕發（輕率，說話(hua)不夠(gou)慎重），經常觸怒賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)似(si)(si)道，故第(di)每次(ci)都不能久(jiu)在其位。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)。又(you)因言論而被解職，只以端明殿(dian)學(xue)士(shi)提臨安府(fu)洞(dong)霄宮。至(zhi)景定(ding)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)，才以原職出(chu)任(ren)(ren)福州知州兼福建(jian)安撫使。

景定(ding)四年(nian)十一月，宋度(du)宗(zong)即位，詔求直言善諫之士，召(zhao)江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)回行都臨安。咸(xian)淳元年(nian)（1265年(nian)）二(er)月，任萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)同知(zhi)樞(shu)密院事，兼參知(zhi)政(zheng)事，又(you)與賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)(dao)(dao)同朝。賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)(dao)(dao)擅政(zheng)后，位極人(ren)臣，極力推行賣國張(zhang)，使疆土日削(xue)，國勢日危，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)不(bu)能(neng)耐何，便于同年(nian)七月，奏請歸田，未(wei)允。十二(er)月，賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)(dao)(dao)辭職要挾度(du)宗(zong)，宋度(du)宗(zong)涕泣，欲拜(bai)留(liu)，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)當即以(yi)身掖帝云：“自(zi)古(gu)無(wu)此(ci)君臣禮，陛下不(bu)可拜(bai)。”又(you)一次觸怒了(le)賈(jia)(jia)。帝在講筵，每(mei)問(wen)經(jing)史及古(gu)人(ren)姓(xing)名，賈(jia)(jia)不(bu)能(neng)對，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)常從(cong)旁(pang)代(dai)答，使賈(jia)(jia)積怒而謀(mou)逐出萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)。江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)與賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)(dao)(dao)每(mei)每(mei)相(xiang)忤，不(bu)得已四次上(shang)書求退，于咸(xian)淳三年(nian)出知(zhi)太平州兼江東轉(zhuan)運使，后又(you)轉(zhuan)湖南(nan)任安撫(fu)大使，咸(xian)淳五年(nian)，又(you)自(zi)湖南(nan)召(zhao)拜(bai)參知(zhi)政(zheng)事，封南(nan)康(kang)郡公，剛到任，又(you)拜(bai)左丞相(xiang)兼樞(shu)密使。六年(nian)，蒙(meng)古(gu)軍圍攻(gong)襄陽，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)屢(lv)請派援軍救護，賈(jia)(jia)似道(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)許，于是萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)又(you)因此(ci)被委(wei)以(yi)觀文殿(dian)大學(xue)士出知(zhi)福州兼福建安撫(fu)大使，萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)堅持，依舊職提舉洞霄宮。

咸淳十(shi)年(nian)（1274），元(yuan)兵大舉渡江，江萬里(li)(li)聞之(zhi)(zhi)，泰然處之(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)走不(bu)逃。憤而(er)怒曰：“大勢不(bu)可支，余雖不(bu)在位，當與國(guo)(guo)共存亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)（1275），饒州(zhou)(zhou)城破之(zhi)(zhi)日，正(zheng)是江萬里(li)(li)率子侄多人投(tou)止水(shui)自盡(jin)殉國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)時。朝野上下(xia)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)，國(guo)(guo)人志士(shi)無不(bu)致哀(ai)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥更(geng)(geng)是哭曰：“星抒(shu)臺(tai)衡(heng)地，斯文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)去(qu)矣休。湖光與天(tian)遠，屈注滄(cang)江流。”后張世杰(jie)收(shou)復(fu)饒州(zhou)(zhou)，宋恭帝(di)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)輟朝哀(ai)悼，詔贈(zeng)(zeng)太傅(fu)(fu)、益(yi)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)。后加(jia)贈(zeng)(zeng)太師，謚號(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忠。江萬里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)門人后學(xue)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨(sui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥起兵，或(huo)(huo)(huo)與義(yi)(yi)軍轉戰南(nan)北(bei)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)岳(yue)麓書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)諸生保(bao)衛(wei)潭州(zhou)(zhou)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿(ni)山林(lin)屢征不(bu)出，或(huo)(huo)(huo)就教(jiao)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)終老林(lin)泉。國(guo)(guo)共存亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)（1275），饒州(zhou)(zhou)城破之(zhi)(zhi)日，正(zheng)是江萬里(li)(li)率子侄多人投(tou)止水(shui)自盡(jin)殉國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)時。朝野上下(xia)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)，國(guo)(guo)人志士(shi)無不(bu)致哀(ai)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥更(geng)(geng)是哭曰：“星抒(shu)臺(tai)衡(heng)地，斯文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)去(qu)矣休。湖光與天(tian)遠，屈注滄(cang)江流。”后張世杰(jie)收(shou)復(fu)饒州(zhou)(zhou)，宋恭帝(di)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)輟朝哀(ai)悼，詔贈(zeng)(zeng)太傅(fu)(fu)、益(yi)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)。后加(jia)贈(zeng)(zeng)太師，謚號(hao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忠。江萬里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)門人后學(xue)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨(sui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥起兵，或(huo)(huo)(huo)與義(yi)(yi)軍轉戰南(nan)北(bei)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)岳(yue)麓書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)諸生保(bao)衛(wei)潭州(zhou)(zhou)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿(ni)山林(lin)屢征不(bu)出，或(huo)(huo)(huo)就教(jiao)書(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)終老林(lin)泉。

人物評價

江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)一(yi)生(sheng)歷(li)兩朝，宦(huan)海幾度(du)沉浮，先后任(ren)過吉州、隆(long)興(xing)知(zhi)府、駕御(yu)郎官(guan)(guan)(guan)、尚右兼(jian)侍讀、監察御(yu)史(shi)、右正言殿(dian)中待御(yu)史(shi)、左丞相兼(jian)樞密(mi)使，但(dan)他無論是位(wei)高權(quan)重還是貶謫期間(jian)，始終不(bu)(bu)忘愛國(guo)(guo)，正所謂“屆廟堂之(zhi)高，則憂(you)其(qi)君；處江湖(hu)之(zhi)遠，則憂(you)其(qi)民”。南宋理宗(zong)時，江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)任(ren)待御(yu)史(shi)，其(qi)母病危，江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因(yin)公(gong)務繁忙不(bu)(bu)能脫身(shen)，只是派其(qi)弟回家探望(wang)，當(dang)他親自返(fan)家里(li)(li)，其(qi)母已病故。這時，朝中有(you)人誹(fei)議(yi)說他“不(bu)(bu)忠不(bu)(bu)孝”，這在(zai)當(dang)時可(ke)是不(bu)(bu)小的(de)罪狀，江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因(yin)此在(zai)家賦閑(xian)(xian)12年。宋度(du)宗(zong)即位(wei)，度(du)宗(zong)念江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)之(zhi)遠見卓識(shi)，任(ren)命他擔(dan)任(ren)同(tong)知(zhi)樞密(mi)院事(shi)(shi)兼(jian)參知(zhi)政(zheng)事(shi)(shi)，逢(feng)權(quan)臣賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)得(de)寵，與(yu)賈(jia)曲阿逢(feng)迎(ying)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因(yin)剛直不(bu)(bu)阿而為(wei)賈(jia)不(bu)(bu)容，江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)被(bei)再次罷(ba)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。南宋將亡，宋度(du)宗(zong)再次想(xiang)起(qi)曾被(bei)自己(ji)譽為(wei)“國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)柱石”的(de)江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)，遂任(ren)命江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)為(wei)左丞相兼(jian)樞密(mi)院使。江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)一(yi)身(shen)領兩府，加上(shang)時局維(wei)艱，公(gong)務更為(wei)繁忙。因(yin)湖(hu)北襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)被(bei)元(yuan)兵圍困，臨(lin)安危在(zai)旦夕（軍事(shi)(shi)家有(you)“襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)破，南宋亡”之(zhi)說），江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)力主(zhu)抗元(yuan)，提出襄(xiang)陽(yang)(yang)解圍良策，與(yu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)相抵觸(chu)被(bei)再度(du)罷(ba)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。罷(ba)官(guan)(guan)(guan)賦閑(xian)(xian)后的(de)江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)對(dui)前來探望(wang)的(de)學生(sheng)文天祥執手相看淚眼，囑予國(guo)(guo)事(shi)(shi)并寄(ji)予殷(yin)切(qie)的(de)希望(wang)。

作為(wei)著名(ming)(ming)學(xue)者，史(shi)書稱(cheng)江(jiang)萬(wan)里“問學(xue)德望，優于(yu)(yu)諸臣”，“議論風采，傾動一(yi)時”，是歷(li)史(shi)公(gong)(gong)認(ren)的(de)(de)與(yu)歐(ou)陽修、司馬光齊名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化名(ming)(ming)人，文(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)稱(cheng)江(jiang)萬(wan)里“都范（范仲(zhong)俺）、馬（司馬光）之望于(yu)(yu)一(yi)身”。文(wen)天(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)曾在(zai)《賀(he)江(jiang)左丞相除湖(hu)南安撫(fu)使判(pan)潭洲》一(yi)文(wen)中(zhong)對(dui)江(jiang)萬(wan)里的(de)(de)學(xue)問名(ming)(ming)節有過精彩的(de)(de)評述(shu)：“……修名(ming)(ming)偉節，以日月(yue)為(wei)明，泰山為(wei)高(gao)；奧學(xue)精言，為(wei)天(tian)(tian)地立心，生民(min)立命……”江(jiang)萬(wan)里壯烈(lie)殉國后(hou)，門生劉辰翁（著名(ming)(ming)愛國詩人）在(zai)《江(jiang)文(wen)忠公(gong)(gong)祠堂記》中(zhong)說(shuo)：“自斯文(wen)一(yi)變而至(zhi)歐(ou)公(gong)(gong)，再變而至(zhi)先生……其好士(shi)似歐(ou)公(gong)(gong)”論諫似歐(ou)公(gong)(gong)，變文(wen)體似歐(ou)公(gong)(gong)，而又得謚似歐(ou)公(gong)(gong)”。

作為(wei)書(shu)院(yuan)教育(yu)家，江萬(wan)里(li)依然(ran)成(cheng)就斐然(ran)。他(ta)(ta)先后創(chuang)辦(ban)了(le)(le)白鷺洲書(shu)院(yuan)、道源(yuan)書(shu)院(yuan)、宗濂精舍等三所書(shu)院(yuan)，就是在被貶期間還被邀請到安徽黟縣石鼓寺講學。江萬(wan)里(li)一(yi)(yi)生獎(jiang)掖人才，培養出(chu)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)以文(wen)天祥為(wei)代表的杰出(chu)人士(shi)，另外還有(you)劉南圃、劉辰翁、歐陽守道、鄧光薦等都是他(ta)(ta)的學生。