宋(song)(song)(song)寧宗(zong)慶元四(si)年(1198年)十(shi)月十(shi)六(liu)日,江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)生(sheng)于(yu)今(jin)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)都昌縣(xian)陽峰鄉共升府(fu)(fu)前村(cun),名臨,字(zi)子(zi)(zi)遠(yuan),號古心(xin),萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)是(shi)其(qi)出仕后的(de)(de)(de)用名。與弟(di)江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)載(zai)、江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)頃(qing)因為(wei)先后科舉高中(zhong),且又(you)都登仕宋(song)(song)(song)庭高官,最(zui)(zui)后又(you)先后殉國(guo)(guo),被時(shi)(shi)人(ren)和后世(shi)雅稱為(wei)江(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)“三(san)(san)古”或江(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)“三(san)(san)昆(kun)玉”。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)著名愛國(guo)(guo)丞(cheng)相,民(min)族英雄,是(shi)南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)末(mo)年仕林(lin)和文壇領袖,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)三(san)(san)世(shi)紀著名的(de)(de)(de)政治家和教育家。一(yi)人(ren)獨自創立(li)三(san)(san)所高等學府(fu)(fu),為(wei)古今(jin)中(zhong)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第一(yi)人(ren),尤其(qi)是(shi)其(qi)所創辦的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)鷺洲(zhou)書(shu)院(yuan),延續千年,在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科舉時(shi)(shi)代(dai)共培養出文天(tian)祥等十(shi)七位(wei)狀元,2700多名進士,書(shu)院(yuan)所在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)吉安科舉中(zhong)選人(ren)數幾(ji)近此后中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)千年科舉的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半,被稱為(wei)千年“文章(zhang)節義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦”為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代(dai)書(shu)院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)(zui)。江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)為(wei)官清廉,敢(gan)言直諫,無論(lun)朝官還是(shi)放任地方(fang)府(fu)(fu)省(sheng)均政績斐(fei)然,為(wei)官府(fu)(fu)和百(bai)姓所稱道;一(yi)生(sheng)雖(sui)屢(lv)受權奸(jian)排擠,屢(lv)遭罷(ba)貶,而(er)始終不(bu)畏權奸(jian),不(bu)泯憂國(guo)(guo)愛民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin);在(zai)南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)末(mo)民(min)族矛(mao)盾激化,國(guo)(guo)家危難(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),始則“手培國(guo)(guo)本,力濟時(shi)(shi)艱”,“但見拳拳于(yu)國(guo)(guo)事,未嘗(chang)汲汲于(yu)身(shen)謀”,“極(ji)力破(po)權門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)黨,奮身(shen)生(sheng)善類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊盟,精白(bai)一(yi)心(xin),創切百(bai)奏,風(feng)彩聳聞于(yu)列辟,霜棱(leng)愈棱(leng)于(yu)內臺,其(qi)序升橫榻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班,以(yi)(yi)增重本朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢”,“以(yi)(yi)淳心(xin)正學,輔國(guo)(guo)視政,起賢遠(yuan)識,為(wei)時(shi)(shi)奇艾,若朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典章(zhang),軍國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機務,生(sheng)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休戚,政治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)失,皆常履(lv)而(er)知(zhi)矣(yi)”當其(qi)窮盡一(yi)生(sheng),年老體弱,無力補天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),則“從容坐守,以(yi)(yi)為(wei)民(min)望(wang)(wang)”“死(si)(si)不(bu)離(li)城(cheng)”繼(ji)而(er)“去生(sheng)就死(si)(si),義(yi)(yi)節忠(zhong)(zhong)肝”恨(hen)“生(sheng)面被執(zhi),為(wei)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恥(chi)”,“憤(fen)國(guo)(guo)家云之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang),恥(chi)腥(xing)(xing)膻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)移(yi),雖(sui)神林(lin)故鄉可(ke)以(yi)(yi)終其(qi)天(tian)年,旦不(bu)肯為(wei),而(er)況于(yu)屈身(shen)事虜者哉(zai)!”最(zui)(zui)終“左右攜孫,自為(wei)紛紛,父忠(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)孝(xiao),兄貞(zhen)弟(di)烈(lie)(lie),天(tian)義(yi)(yi)婦順,笑(xiao)赴止(zhi)水(shui)”“從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者同(tong)知(zhi)君,積尸如疊,不(bu)審(shen)其(qi)偕老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)媛,而(er)婢仆亦爭以(yi)(yi)盡”。在(zai)國(guo)(guo)破(po)家亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)與其(qi)子(zi)(zi)江(jiang)(jiang)鎬,毅然率180多家人(ren)投止(zhi)水(shui)池殉國(guo)(guo),希望(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)自己及家人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)喚醒“天(tian)下忠(zhong)(zhong)義(yi)(yi)節烈(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士聞風(feng)而(er)起,聚(ju)集萬(wan)(wan)千眾人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,保(bao)江(jiang)(jiang)山社稷不(bu)移(yi)腥(xing)(xing)膻,道德文章(zhang)不(bu)墮宇內”,其(qi)一(yi)生(sheng)堪稱古今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)完人(ren),千古道德風(feng)范之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)楷(kai)模。
宋嘉定(ding)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1222年(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)萬里(li)(li)(li)貢入大(da)學(xue)(xue),太(tai)子(zi)趙(zhao)昀(yun)(宋理(li)宗)極為(wei)(wei)(wei)賞(shang)識,曾(ceng)書(shu)“江(jiang)萬里(li)(li)(li)”三(san)字于(yu)幾硯之(zhi)(zhi)間。寶慶(qing)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1226年(nian)(nian))以(yi)舍選登進士第(di),所(suo)作策論,《郭子(zi)儀單(dan)騎見虎》文(wen)中表露對郭子(zi)儀的(de)膽識和愛國情(qing)操仰慕之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)考官閱卷為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)動情(qing),欣然批道:“立(li)意(yi)新(xin)而(er)措詞(ci)妙,高古文(wen)也。”寶慶(qing)六(liu)年(nian)(nian),以(yi)舍選出(chu)(chu)身,任(ren)池州教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)。后召(zhao)館試,歷(li)任(ren)著作佐郎,權尚(shang)左郎官兼(jian)樞密(mi)院(yuan)檢詳(xiang)文(wen)字。嘉熙四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1240年(nian)(nian))出(chu)(chu)知吉州軍(jun)(jun),其(qi)(qi)所(suo)作《勸(quan)農詩(shi)》云:“父老前來吾語(yu)爾,官民相近(jin)古遺風。欲知太(tai)守樂其(qi)(qi)樂,樂在田家歡笑中。”從政之(zhi)(zhi)余(yu),特別熱心教(jiao)(jiao)育。淳(chun)祜元年(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian))于(yu)吉州州治廬陵縣(xian)城東贛江(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)心,創建白(bai)鷺(lu)州書(shu)院(yuan),廣(guang)泛收藏圖書(shu),收授(shou)門徒。奏聞朝(chao)廷,理(li)宗御(yu)書(shu)賜(si)匾額“白(bai)鷺(lu)州書(shu)院(yuan)”。當時書(shu)院(yuan)沒(mei)有另任(ren)山(shan)長,他(ta)(ta)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)事(shi),自為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸生講授(shou),忘其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)府(fu)。后人為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)立(li)碑,表彰他(ta)(ta)的(de)辦學(xue)(xue)功道:江(jiang)萬里(li)(li)(li)創白(bai)鷺(lu)書(shu)院(yuan),使(shi)“縉紳(即官宦代稱(cheng))德之(zhi)(zhi),吏民憐之(zhi)(zhi),悍卒(勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)人)化之(zhi)(zhi)”。第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian),遷(qian)(qian)直秘閣,知隆興(xing)府(fu),又在隆興(xing)府(fu)建宗濂精舍,廣(guang)聚生徒,講學(xue)(xue)其(qi)(qi)中。奏聞朝(chao)廷,理(li)宗又親賜(si)書(shu)御(yu)書(shu)匾額。這期間,他(ta)(ta)還囑告南安知軍(jun)(jun)林壽公在其(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)治大(da)庾(yu)縣(xian)源三(san)先生祠(祀周敦(dun)頤,程(cheng)頤,程(cheng)顥)擴(kuo)建為(wei)(wei)(wei)周程(cheng)書(shu)院(yuan)。因辦學(xue)(xue)成績卓著,于(yu)淳(chun)祜三(san)年(nian)(nian)遷(qian)(qian)考功郎官,兼(jian)直秘閣,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)健康府(fu)崇禧觀。不(bu)久,改(gai)任(ren)紹興(xing)府(fu)千秋鳴禧觀,后又以(yi)駕部郎官召(zhao),遷(qian)(qian)尚(shang)右(you)兼(jian)侍講。五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1245年(nian)(nian))三(san)月,與理(li)宗談論諸事(shi)得失,曾(ceng)說:“君子(zi)只知有事(shi)非,不(bu)知有利害。”他(ta)(ta)秉性耿直,剛正(zheng)不(bu)阿,十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月上書(shu)彈劾(he)林光遷(qian)(qian)等依權附勢之(zhi)(zhi)徒。十(shi)(shi)二(er)月不(bu)顧(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)反對,勸(quan)說理(li)宗啟用趙(zhao)葵主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持兵事(shi),陳韋單(dan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持財政,使(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)戰(zhan)派(pai)一(yi)度得以(yi)執(zhi)掌(zhang)朝(chao)政,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此屢(lv)遭(zao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)攻擊。六(liu)年(nian)(nian),他(ta)(ta)升遷(qian)(qian)監察御(yu)史(shi)(shi)兼(jian)侍講,未(wei)幾,又升殿中侍御(yu)史(shi)(shi)。這時的(de)江(jiang)萬里(li)(li)(li),“器望(wang)清峻,論議風采(cai),傾動于(yu)時。”但(dan)忤者(zhe)嫉(ji)妒(du),謗言興(xing)起,言其(qi)(qi)母病未(wei)能(neng)及時到家送終,使(shi)其(qi)(qi)遭(zao)受酷罰,坐廢十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)。
寶(bao)祐三年(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)),由于陸德興為(wei)江(jiang)萬(wan)里辨白而(er)得以(yi)啟用(yong),任(ren)福建轉運(yun)使。開慶元年(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian))正(zheng)月,投入(ru)京湖宣撫(fu)大使賈似道(dao)幕(mu)下任(ren)參(can)謀官(guan)。十月賈似道(dao)入(ru)相,萬(wan)里同時入(ru)朝(chao)兼國子(zi)監祭灑,侍(shi)讀。景定(ding)元年(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian))入(ru)對。遷刑(xing)部(bu)侍(shi)郎。不(bu)久,升吏部(bu)尚書(shu)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian))。進(jin)遷端(duan)明殿學士(shi),同簽書(shu)樞密院(yuan)院(yuan)事(shi)兼太子(zi)賓客。這年(nian)(nian),萬(wan)里已年(nian)(nian)逾六十,是賈似道(dao)府(fu)(fu)中(zhong)之任(ren)職(zhi)最久者(zhe)。他開始雖府(fu)(fu)仰默客,為(wei)賈似道(dao)所用(yong),但他秉性耿直(zhi),臨事(shi)不(bu)能無言。賈似道(dao)惡(e)(討厭)其輕發(fa)(輕率(lv),說話不(bu)夠慎(shen)重),經常觸怒賈似道(dao),故第每次(ci)都不(bu)能久在其位。這年(nian)(nian)。又(you)因(yin)言論而(er)被解職(zhi),只(zhi)以(yi)端(duan)明殿學士(shi)提臨安府(fu)(fu)洞霄宮(gong)。至景定(ding)四年(nian)(nian),才(cai)以(yi)原職(zhi)出任(ren)福州知州兼福建安撫(fu)使。
景定四年(nian)十(shi)一月,宋度宗即位,詔(zhao)求(qiu)直言(yan)善諫之士,召江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)回行都臨(lin)安。咸淳(chun)(chun)元年(nian)(1265年(nian))二月,任萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)同(tong)(tong)知(zhi)樞密院事(shi),兼參知(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)事(shi),又(you)(you)與(yu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)同(tong)(tong)朝。賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)擅(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)后,位極人(ren)臣,極力推行賣(mai)國張,使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疆土日削(xue),國勢(shi)日危,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)不(bu)能(neng)耐何,便于(yu)同(tong)(tong)年(nian)七(qi)月,奏(zou)請歸田,未允(yun)。十(shi)二月,賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)辭職要(yao)挾度宗,宋度宗涕泣,欲拜(bai)留(liu),萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)當即以身掖帝云(yun):“自(zi)古無此(ci)君臣禮,陛下(xia)不(bu)可拜(bai)。”又(you)(you)一次觸怒了賈(jia)。帝在講筵,每問經史及古人(ren)姓名(ming),賈(jia)不(bu)能(neng)對,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)常從(cong)旁(pang)代答,使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)賈(jia)積怒而謀(mou)逐出(chu)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)。江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)與(yu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)每每相忤,不(bu)得已(yi)四次上書求(qiu)退,于(yu)咸淳(chun)(chun)三年(nian)出(chu)知(zhi)太平(ping)州兼江(jiang)東轉運使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),后又(you)(you)轉湖南任安撫大(da)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),咸淳(chun)(chun)五(wu)年(nian),又(you)(you)自(zi)湖南召拜(bai)參知(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)事(shi),封南康(kang)郡公,剛到(dao)任,又(you)(you)拜(bai)左丞相兼樞密使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。六年(nian),蒙古軍(jun)圍攻襄陽,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)屢請派援軍(jun)救護(hu),賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)不(bu)許,于(yu)是萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)因此(ci)被委以觀文殿(dian)大(da)學士出(chu)知(zhi)福州兼福建安撫大(da)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)堅(jian)持,依(yi)舊職提舉洞霄宮。
咸淳十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1274),元兵大(da)(da)(da)舉渡(du)江(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),泰然處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)走不(bu)逃(tao)。憤而怒曰:“大(da)(da)(da)勢(shi)不(bu)可支(zhi),余(yu)雖不(bu)在(zai)位(wei),當與(yu)宋嘉定十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1222年(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)貢入大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue),太子趙昀(宋理宗(zong))極為賞識,曾書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)“江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)”三字于(yu)幾硯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。寶慶二年(nian)(nian)(1226年(nian)(nian))以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舍選登進士第(di)(di),所(suo)作策論,《郭子儀單騎見虎(hu)》文(wen)中(zhong)表露對(dui)郭子儀的(de)膽識和愛國(guo)情操仰慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,主(zhu)(zhu)考官閱(yue)卷(juan)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)情,欣然批道:“立(li)意(yi)新而措詞妙,高(gao)古文(wen)也。”寶慶六年(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舍選出(chu)身,任(ren)(ren)池(chi)州(zhou)(zhou)教(jiao)(jiao)授。后(hou)(hou)召館試,歷任(ren)(ren)著作佐郎(lang)(lang),權(quan)尚(shang)左郎(lang)(lang)官兼(jian)(jian)樞密院(yuan)檢(jian)詳文(wen)字。嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(1240年(nian)(nian))出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)吉州(zhou)(zhou)軍,其(qi)所(suo)作《勸農詩(shi)》云:“父老(lao)前來吾語爾,官民(min)相近古遺風。欲知(zhi)(zhi)太守樂(le)其(qi)樂(le),樂(le)在(zai)田(tian)家(jia)(jia)歡笑中(zhong)。”從政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu),特別熱心(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)育。淳祜元年(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian))于(yu)吉州(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)治廬陵縣(xian)城東(dong)贛江(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),創建(jian)(jian)白鷺州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan),廣泛收藏圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),收授門徒(tu)。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)廷(ting),理宗(zong)御(yu)(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)賜匾(bian)額“白鷺州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)”。當時書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)沒有(you)另任(ren)(ren)山長,他(ta)(ta)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)事,自(zi)為諸(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)講(jiang)授,忘其(qi)為大(da)(da)(da)府。后(hou)(hou)人為他(ta)(ta)立(li)碑,表彰他(ta)(ta)的(de)辦學(xue)(xue)功道:江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li)創白鷺書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan),使“縉紳(即官宦(huan)代(dai)稱)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吏民(min)憐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),悍卒(勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。第(di)(di)二年(nian)(nian),遷(qian)(qian)直(zhi)秘閣(ge),知(zhi)(zhi)隆興府,又在(zai)隆興府建(jian)(jian)宗(zong)濂精舍,廣聚(ju)生(sheng)徒(tu),講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)其(qi)中(zhong)。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)廷(ting),理宗(zong)又親賜書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)御(yu)(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)匾(bian)額。這(zhe)期間,他(ta)(ta)還囑告(gao)南安知(zhi)(zhi)軍林(lin)(lin)壽公在(zai)其(qi)軍治大(da)(da)(da)庾縣(xian)源三先生(sheng)祠(祀(si)周敦頤(yi),程(cheng)頤(yi),程(cheng)顥(hao))擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)為周程(cheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)。因辦學(xue)(xue)成績(ji)卓著,于(yu)淳祜三年(nian)(nian)遷(qian)(qian)考功郎(lang)(lang)官,兼(jian)(jian)直(zhi)秘閣(ge),主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)健康府崇禧觀。不(bu)久(jiu),改任(ren)(ren)紹興府千秋鳴禧觀,后(hou)(hou)又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)駕部郎(lang)(lang)官召,遷(qian)(qian)尚(shang)右兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)講(jiang)。五年(nian)(nian)(1245年(nian)(nian))三月,與(yu)理宗(zong)談論諸(zhu)(zhu)事得失(shi),曾說:“君子只知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)事非,不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)利害(hai)。”他(ta)(ta)秉(bing)性耿直(zhi),剛正不(bu)阿,十(shi)一月上書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)彈劾林(lin)(lin)光遷(qian)(qian)等依權(quan)附勢(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)。十(shi)二月不(bu)顧主(zhu)(zhu)降派反對(dui),勸說理宗(zong)啟用趙葵主(zhu)(zhu)持兵事,陳韋單主(zhu)(zhu)持財政(zheng),使主(zhu)(zhu)戰派一度得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)執掌(zhang)朝(chao)政(zheng),為此(ci)屢遭主(zhu)(zhu)降派攻擊。六年(nian)(nian),他(ta)(ta)升遷(qian)(qian)監察御(yu)(yu)史(shi)兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)講(jiang),未幾,又升殿中(zhong)侍(shi)御(yu)(yu)史(shi)。這(zhe)時的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里(li),“器望清峻(jun),論議風采,傾動(dong)于(yu)時。”但忤(wu)者(zhe)嫉妒,謗言(yan)興起,言(yan)其(qi)母(mu)病未能及(ji)時到家(jia)(jia)送終,使其(qi)遭受酷(ku)罰,坐廢(fei)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)。
寶祐三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)),由于陸德(de)興(xing)為江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)辨白(bai)而(er)得(de)以(yi)啟(qi)用(yong),任(ren)福建轉運使(shi)(shi)。開慶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian)(nian))正月,投入京(jing)湖宣(xuan)撫(fu)大使(shi)(shi)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)幕下任(ren)參謀官。十月賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)入相,萬(wan)里(li)(li)同時入朝(chao)兼國子監祭灑(sa),侍讀。景(jing)定(ding)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian)(nian))入對。遷(qian)刑部侍郎。不(bu)久(jiu)(jiu),升(sheng)吏部尚書(shu)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)(nian))。進遷(qian)端明殿學士(shi),同簽書(shu)樞密院院事兼太(tai)子賓客。這(zhe)年(nian)(nian)(nian),萬(wan)里(li)(li)已年(nian)(nian)(nian)逾六十,是(shi)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)府中之(zhi)任(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)最久(jiu)(jiu)者。他開始雖府仰默客,為賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)所用(yong),但他秉(bing)性耿直,臨事不(bu)能無言。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao)惡(討厭)其輕發(fa)(輕率,說話不(bu)夠(gou)慎(shen)重),經常觸怒賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)(dao),故第每次都(dou)不(bu)能久(jiu)(jiu)在其位。這(zhe)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。又因言論而(er)被解職(zhi)(zhi),只以(yi)端明殿學士(shi)提(ti)臨安府洞霄宮。至景(jing)定(ding)四年(nian)(nian)(nian),才以(yi)原(yuan)職(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)任(ren)福州知州兼福建安撫(fu)使(shi)(shi)。
景定四年十(shi)一月(yue),宋度宗即位,詔求直言善諫之士,召江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)回行都臨安。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)淳(chun)元年(1265年)二(er)月(yue),任(ren)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)同(tong)知樞密(mi)院事,兼參知政(zheng)事,又(you)(you)(you)與(yu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)同(tong)朝(chao)。賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)擅政(zheng)后,位極人臣,極力推行賣國張,使(shi)疆土(tu)日削(xue),國勢日危,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)能耐(nai)何,便于(yu)同(tong)年七月(yue),奏(zou)請(qing)歸田,未允。十(shi)二(er)月(yue),賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)辭職要挾度宗,宋度宗涕(ti)泣,欲拜(bai)留,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)當即以身(shen)掖帝(di)(di)云:“自古無此君臣禮,陛下不(bu)可拜(bai)。”又(you)(you)(you)一次觸怒了賈(jia)。帝(di)(di)在(zai)講筵,每(mei)(mei)問經(jing)史及古人姓名,賈(jia)不(bu)能對,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)常從(cong)旁代答(da),使(shi)賈(jia)積怒而謀逐出萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。江(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)每(mei)(mei)每(mei)(mei)相忤(wu),不(bu)得已四次上(shang)書(shu)求退(tui),于(yu)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)淳(chun)三年出知太平(ping)州(zhou)兼江(jiang)東轉運使(shi),后又(you)(you)(you)轉湖(hu)南任(ren)安撫大(da)(da)使(shi),咸(xian)(xian)(xian)淳(chun)五年,又(you)(you)(you)自湖(hu)南召拜(bai)參知政(zheng)事,封南康郡公(gong),剛到(dao)任(ren),又(you)(you)(you)拜(bai)左丞相兼樞密(mi)使(shi)。六年,蒙古軍(jun)圍攻襄陽,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)屢請(qing)派(pai)援軍(jun)救護,賈(jia)似(si)道(dao)不(bu)許,于(yu)是(shi)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)(you)因(yin)此被(bei)委(wei)以觀文殿(dian)大(da)(da)學士出知福(fu)州(zhou)兼福(fu)建安撫大(da)(da)使(shi),萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)堅持,依舊職提舉洞霄宮(gong)。
咸淳十年(nian)(1274),元(yuan)兵(bing)大舉(ju)渡(du)江,江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),泰然(ran)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)走不(bu)逃。憤而怒(nu)曰(yue):“大勢不(bu)可支,余雖不(bu)在位,當(dang)與(yu)國(guo)共存(cun)亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1275),饒(rao)州(zhou)(zhou)城破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,正是(shi)江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)率子侄(zhi)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)投止(zhi)水自(zi)盡(jin)殉國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝野(ye)上下為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)動(dong),國(guo)人(ren)(ren)志士(shi)無不(bu)致哀(ai),文天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)更是(shi)哭曰(yue):“星抒臺衡地(di),斯文去(qu)矣(yi)休。湖光與(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)遠,屈注滄江流。”后(hou)張世杰(jie)收(shou)復饒(rao)州(zhou)(zhou),宋(song)恭帝(di)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟朝哀(ai)悼(dao),詔贈(zeng)太傅、益國(guo)公。后(hou)加贈(zeng)太師,謚(shi)號(hao)文忠。江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門人(ren)(ren)后(hou)學(xue),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)追隨(sui)文天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)起(qi)兵(bing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義軍轉(zhuan)(zhuan)戰(zhan)南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)為岳(yue)麓書(shu)院諸生保衛潭州(zhou)(zhou),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿山(shan)林(lin)屢征不(bu)出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教書(shu)院終老林(lin)泉。國(guo)共存(cun)亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1275),饒(rao)州(zhou)(zhou)城破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,正是(shi)江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)率子侄(zhi)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)投止(zhi)水自(zi)盡(jin)殉國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝野(ye)上下為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震(zhen)動(dong),國(guo)人(ren)(ren)志士(shi)無不(bu)致哀(ai),文天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)更是(shi)哭曰(yue):“星抒臺衡地(di),斯文去(qu)矣(yi)休。湖光與(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)遠,屈注滄江流。”后(hou)張世杰(jie)收(shou)復饒(rao)州(zhou)(zhou),宋(song)恭帝(di)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟朝哀(ai)悼(dao),詔贈(zeng)太傅、益國(guo)公。后(hou)加贈(zeng)太師,謚(shi)號(hao)文忠。江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門人(ren)(ren)后(hou)學(xue),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)追隨(sui)文天(tian)(tian)(tian)祥(xiang)起(qi)兵(bing),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義軍轉(zhuan)(zhuan)戰(zhan)南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)為岳(yue)麓書(shu)院諸生保衛潭州(zhou)(zhou),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)隱匿山(shan)林(lin)屢征不(bu)出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教書(shu)院終老林(lin)泉。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)一生歷兩朝(chao),宦(huan)海幾度(du)(du)沉浮,先(xian)后任(ren)(ren)(ren)過吉州(zhou)、隆興知府、駕御郎官(guan)、尚右兼侍讀、監(jian)察御史(shi)、右正言殿中(zhong)待(dai)御史(shi)、左丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)兼樞密(mi)使,但(dan)他(ta)無論是(shi)(shi)位高權(quan)(quan)重(zhong)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)貶謫期間,始終不忘愛國,正所(suo)謂“屆廟(miao)堂之(zhi)高,則(ze)憂其(qi)君;處江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖之(zhi)遠,則(ze)憂其(qi)民”。南(nan)宋(song)(song)理宗(zong)時(shi),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)任(ren)(ren)(ren)待(dai)御史(shi),其(qi)母病(bing)危,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)公(gong)務繁忙不能(neng)脫身,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)派其(qi)弟回家探望,當他(ta)親自(zi)返家里(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)母已病(bing)故。這時(shi),朝(chao)中(zhong)有(you)人誹議說他(ta)“不忠不孝(xiao)”,這在當時(shi)可是(shi)(shi)不小的(de)罪狀,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)此在家賦閑12年。宋(song)(song)度(du)(du)宗(zong)即位,度(du)(du)宗(zong)念江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)遠見卓識,任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)他(ta)擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)同知樞密(mi)院(yuan)事兼參(can)知政事,逢(feng)權(quan)(quan)臣賈似(si)道得寵(chong),與(yu)賈曲阿逢(feng)迎(ying)不同,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)剛(gang)直不阿而為(wei)賈不容,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)被(bei)(bei)再次罷(ba)官(guan)。南(nan)宋(song)(song)將亡,宋(song)(song)度(du)(du)宗(zong)再次想(xiang)起曾被(bei)(bei)自(zi)己譽為(wei)“國之(zhi)柱(zhu)石(shi)”的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li),遂任(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)左丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)兼樞密(mi)院(yuan)使。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)一身領兩府,加上時(shi)局(ju)維艱,公(gong)務更為(wei)繁忙。因(yin)湖北襄(xiang)陽被(bei)(bei)元(yuan)兵(bing)圍(wei)困(kun),臨(lin)安危在旦夕(軍事家有(you)“襄(xiang)陽破(po),南(nan)宋(song)(song)亡”之(zhi)說),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)力主抗元(yuan),提出襄(xiang)陽解(jie)圍(wei)良策,與(yu)賈似(si)道相(xiang)抵(di)觸(chu)被(bei)(bei)再度(du)(du)罷(ba)官(guan)。罷(ba)官(guan)賦閑后的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)對前來(lai)探望的(de)學(xue)生文天祥執手相(xiang)看淚(lei)眼(yan),囑予(yu)國事并寄(ji)予(yu)殷切的(de)希望。
作為著名(ming)(ming)學者,史(shi)書稱江萬(wan)里(li)(li)“問學德(de)望,優(you)于諸臣(chen)”,“議論(lun)風采,傾(qing)動一時”,是歷史(shi)公認的(de)與(yu)歐(ou)(ou)陽修(xiu)、司(si)馬(ma)光齊名(ming)(ming)的(de)歷史(shi)文化名(ming)(ming)人,文天祥稱江萬(wan)里(li)(li)“都范(范仲俺)、馬(ma)(司(si)馬(ma)光)之望于一身”。文天祥曾在《賀江左丞相除湖南安撫使(shi)判潭洲》一文中(zhong)對江萬(wan)里(li)(li)的(de)學問名(ming)(ming)節(jie)有過(guo)精彩的(de)評述(shu):“……修(xiu)名(ming)(ming)偉(wei)節(jie),以(yi)日月為明(ming),泰山為高;奧學精言,為天地立心(xin),生民立命(ming)……”江萬(wan)里(li)(li)壯烈殉國后,門生劉辰翁(著名(ming)(ming)愛國詩(shi)人)在《江文忠(zhong)公祠堂記》中(zhong)說:“自(zi)斯文一變而至歐(ou)(ou)公,再(zai)變而至先生……其(qi)好士(shi)似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公”論(lun)諫似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公,變文體似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公,而又得謚似(si)歐(ou)(ou)公”。
作為書院(yuan)教(jiao)育家,江(jiang)萬里依然(ran)成就(jiu)斐然(ran)。他(ta)(ta)先后(hou)創辦了白鷺洲(zhou)書院(yuan)、道源書院(yuan)、宗(zong)濂精舍等三所書院(yuan),就(jiu)是在被貶(bian)期間還被邀請到(dao)安(an)徽黟縣石鼓寺講學。江(jiang)萬里一(yi)生獎掖人(ren)才(cai),培養出(chu)了一(yi)批(pi)以文天祥為代表(biao)的杰出(chu)人(ren)士,另(ling)外還有劉(liu)南(nan)圃(pu)、劉(liu)辰翁、歐陽守道、鄧光薦等都是他(ta)(ta)的學生。