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基本介紹

瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，舊稱蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，宋徽宗(zong)趙佶賜金字匾額題為“蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)(guan)”，后稱“瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)一(yi)處始(shi)建于(yu)漢(han)代(dai)的(de)中國傳統建筑。位于(yu)江蘇揚州文昌中路，是(shi)揚州市(shi)著名(ming)旅游景點之一(yi)。曾(ceng)屢次修繕(shan)，今殿(dian)宇已圮(pi)，僅存(cun)瓊花(hua)臺，“蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)(guan)”石(shi)匾，“玉鉤洞(dong)天”井等遺(yi)跡。石(shi)額乃清(qing)代(dai)名(ming)士劉大觀(guan)(guan)(guan)手書。

景點景觀

現觀(guan)內(nei)的古建(jian)筑有(you)(you)由淮南節度使(shi)高駢于唐(tang)僖宗中(zhong)和二年（公元882年）所(suo)建(jian)三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、歐陽修所(suo)建(jian)“無(wu)雙(shuang)亭”和一(yi)(yi)(yi)座玉鉤(gou)古井。原(yuan)有(you)(you)門(men)前(qian)牌坊(fang)、三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、彌羅寶閣(ge)、文昌祠、深(shen)仁祠、竹軒花(hua)亭、無(wu)雙(shuang)亭和芍藥亭等建(jian)筑，規模宏大(da)(da)，景(jing)色優(you)美。明朝揚州(zhou)知府吳(wu)秀在觀(guan)里建(jian)玉皇閣(ge)，閣(ge)為(wei)(wei)三層(ceng)，既高大(da)(da)又(you)壯麗(li)，登閣(ge)就可以(yi)俯(fu)視全(quan)城(cheng)。如今(jin)觀(guan)前(qian)的石(shi)牌坊(fang)系明代所(suo)建(jian)，石(shi)質呈糙(cao)米(mi)色，有(you)(you)左右(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根(gen)石(shi)柱，上圓下方，柱端(duan)似華表，分(fen)別雕刻日月形(xing)狀，左為(wei)(wei)赤烏，象征(zheng)著太陽，右(you)為(wei)(wei)玉兔，象征(zheng)著月亮(liang)。門(men)樓三間，上嵌一(yi)(yi)(yi)方石(shi)額。其后(hou)為(wei)(wei)具有(you)(you)民族風格的三間單檐山門(men)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)內(nei)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)座砌在高基平臺上的五楹重(zhong)檐大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)，即“三清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”，平臺四周圍(wei)是以(yi)白石(shi)欄桿，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)棵(ke)銀杏樹(shu)(shu)。平臺石(shi)梯兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)株龍爪槐與兩(liang)(liang)(liang)株瓊花(hua)。觀(guan)門(men)到大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的正中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條甬(yong)道，甬(yong)道中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)棵(ke)老榆(yu)樹(shu)(shu)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)四株瓊花(hua)。甬(yong)道東西(xi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各建(jian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)樓結構的仿古廊房。而在大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)方圍(wei)墻外的后(hou)花(hua)園里，小橋流水、九曲(qu)碑廊，造(zao)型別致的瓊花(hua)臺與無(wu)雙(shuang)亭更是巧奪天工，整個花(hua)園濃(nong)縮江南園林建(jian)筑美景(jing)之精(jing)華，令人流連忘返。

實用信息

旅游信息

地址：中(zhong)(zhong)國江(jiang)蘇(su)省揚州市文(wen)昌(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)路62號

交通：18路(lu)、26路(lu)、32路(lu)、86路(lu)、88路(lu)、89路(lu)、99路(lu)到“瓊花觀(guan)（銀(yin)河(he)電子城）”下車。

歷史沿革

始建(jian)于公元(yuan)前(qian)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)，即西漢(han)元(yuan)延二年(nian)，原為供奉(feng)主管萬物(wu)生長的(de)后土女神(shen)的(de)后土祠。唐時(shi)增修(xiu)(xiu)，名(ming)”唐昌觀(guan)(guan)”。宋徽宗(zong)(zong)取(qu)多福(fu)大(da)福(fu)之意，賜名(ming)“蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)”。瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)和(he)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)有著解不開(kai)的(de)淵(yuan)源。瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)觀(guan)(guan)名(ming)之由來是宋時(shi)觀(guan)(guan)內有一(yi)株天下無(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)的(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。明代(dai)曾(ceng)屢次(ci)修(xiu)(xiu)繕，今(jin)殿(dian)宇(yu)已(yi)圮，僅存(cun)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)臺和(he)“蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)”石匾。相(xiang)傳隋煬帝也曾(ceng)專程下揚(yang)州觀(guan)(guan)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。宋朝歐(ou)陽修(xiu)(xiu)做揚(yang)州太守時(shi)，又在花(hua)(hua)(hua)旁建(jian)“無(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)亭”，以示天下無(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)。時(shi)人(ren)有詩云(yun)：”維揚(yang)一(yi)株花(hua)(hua)(hua)，四(si)海(hai)無(wu)(wu)同類(lei)。”又云(yun)：”天下無(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)獨此花(hua)(hua)(hua)。”宋仁宗(zong)(zong)、宋孝(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)都曾(ceng)將它移植都城皇庭(ting)內，均不得活，只(zhi)能(neng)重遷回(hui)揚(yang)州。整宋一(yi)代(dai)，古瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)都于揚(yang)州歷經劫(jie)難，長生不死(si)。直至宋亡元(yuan)興(xing)，這(zhe)株“舉世無(wu)(wu)雙(shuang)”的(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)神(shen)秘凋零。

元代至正(zheng)十三(san)年(nian)(公元1353年(nian))瓊花枯死，道(dao)士(shi)金丙瑞補植聚八仙，并筑瓊花臺一(yi)座。每當(dang)暮春三(san)月(yue)，瓊花觀內瓊花盛開時節，朵(duo)之奇葩，若蝴蝶戲珠，似(si)八仙起(qi)舞，以其綽約的芳姿(zi)和那美麗(li)動(dong)人的傳(chuan)說，迎接(jie)中外游人。

蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)歷史悠久，其(qi)前身是西漢(han)時代所(suo)建的后土(tu)祠(ci)。古(gu)時稱地神或土(tu)神為(wei)(wei)(wei)后土(tu)，后土(tu)祠(ci)就是祭(ji)祀地神或土(tu)神的廟宇。唐(tang)僖宗中和(he)二年（公元882年），經淮南節度副使高駢增修(xiu)(xiu)，易名唐(tang)昌觀(guan)(guan)。北(bei)宋(song)至(zhi)道(dao)二年（公元996年），揚州太守(shou)因觀(guan)(guan)內的瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)樹(shu)葉茂花(hua)(hua)繁，潔白可愛，首詠《瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)詩》。自此(ci)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)之名，遂名聞海內。歐(ou)陽修(xiu)(xiu)任郡守(shou)時，因揚州瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)"世無(wu)倫"，而在觀(guan)(guan)內瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)樹(shu)旁筑亭，其(qi)匾額(e)上書"無(wu)雙(shuang)亭"，以作飲酒觀(guan)(guan)賞瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)之所(suo)，并作詩曰："瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)芍(shao)藥世無(wu)倫，偶不題詩便(bian)怨人(ren)。曾向無(wu)雙(shuang)亭下醉(zui)，自知不負廣陵春"。北(bei)宋(song)政和(he)年間（公元1111～1118年），取《漢(han)書·郊祀歌辭》"唯(wei)泰元尊，媼神蕃(fan)釐(li)"義(yi)（蕃(fan)釐(li)，即(ji)多福的意思(si)），改廟名為(wei)(wei)(wei)"蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)"，宋(song)徽宗欽賜"蕃(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)"匾額(e)。世人(ren)以此(ci)觀(guan)(guan)中有(you)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)，故俗(su)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)"瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)"。

明(ming)代(dai)揚州知府吳(wu)秀在(zai)(zai)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)里建玉皇(huang)閣，閣高(gao)三(san)(san)(san)層，高(gao)大(da)壯麗(li)，登閣可以俯視全城(cheng)。時至清代(dai)，瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已逐漸衰敗，到(dao)了民國時期，蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物(wu)已基(ji)本毀于大(da)火。現(xian)今的(de)(de)(de)蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是由揚州市政府出資于1993年開(kai)始(shi)重(zhong)修，歷時三(san)(san)(san)年，耗資1800萬元，重(zhong)建后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)門仍朝南。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牌坊系(xi)明(ming)代(dai)所建，石(shi)(shi)(shi)質呈糙米色，有(you)左右兩(liang)根石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱，上圓下(xia)方，柱端似華表，分別(bie)(bie)雕刻(ke)日月形(xing)狀，左為(wei)赤烏，象征(zheng)著太陽，右為(wei)玉免，象征(zheng)著月亮。門樓三(san)(san)(san)間，上嵌一方石(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)，"蕃(fan)釐(li)(li)(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)"三(san)(san)(san)個大(da)字為(wei)清人劉大(da)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所題。其后(hou)(hou)是具有(you)民族(zu)風格的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)間單檐山門殿(dian)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)主殿(dian)是一座砌在(zai)(zai)高(gao)基(ji)平(ping)臺上的(de)(de)(de)五楹(ying)重(zhong)檐大(da)殿(dian)，即"三(san)(san)(san)清殿(dian)"，平(ping)臺四周(zhou)圍以白石(shi)(shi)(shi)欄桿，殿(dian)前植有(you)兩(liang)棵銀杏(xing)樹。平(ping)臺石(shi)(shi)(shi)梯(ti)兩(liang)側(ce)各植一株龍爪槐、兩(liang)株瓊花(hua)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)門至大(da)殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)正中(zhong)一條甬(yong)道，甬(yong)道中(zhong)有(you)一棵老榆樹，兩(liang)側(ce)各植四株瓊花(hua)。甬(yong)道東西側(ce)各建兩(liang)層樓結構的(de)(de)(de)仿古(gu)廊房。而在(zai)(zai)大(da)殿(dian)后(hou)(hou)方圍墻外的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)內(nei)，小橋流(liu)水(shui)，九曲碑廊，造型別(bie)(bie)致的(de)(de)(de)瓊花(hua)臺、無雙亭更(geng)是巧(qiao)奪天(tian)工，整個花(hua)園(yuan)濃(nong)縮了江南園(yuan)林美景之精華，令人流(liu)連忘(wang)返。

據史料記(ji)載，在(zai)(zai)清(qing)順治(zhi)、康熙年(nian)(nian)間，先后有兩代張天師羽化(hua)在(zai)(zai)蕃釐(li)觀內，故(gu)為(wei)道家(jia)正一(yi)(yi)派(pai)視(shi)為(wei)圣地。而在(zai)(zai)古代許多小(xiao)說里，瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀都被描(miao)寫(xie)成神仙(xian)出沒(mei)或(huo)高人隱居之地。在(zai)(zai)明人寫(xie)的(de)(de)《隋煬(yang)帝艷史》、《隋唐演義》一(yi)(yi)類小(xiao)說里，都大肆渲染隋煬(yang)帝和瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)神奇故(gu)事。在(zai)(zai)清(qing)代的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些筆記(ji)中(zhong)，又常常記(ji)載江湖(hu)隱士或(huo)山野奇人寓居在(zai)(zai)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀里。《儒林外史》的(de)(de)作者吳敬梓(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)落魄的(de)(de)晚年(nian)(nian)常常流(liu)連于瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)臺(tai)畔，悲悼自己的(de)(de)坎坷(ke)身世(shi)也像瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)般。他的(de)(de)侄兒金兆(zhao)燕有詩(shi)云："峨(e)峨(e)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)臺(tai)，郁郁冬青枝。與君攀寒條，淚下(xia)(xia)如連絲。"描(miao)寫(xie)了吳敬梓(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)瓊(qiong)花(hua)(hua)觀里愴然涕下(xia)(xia)，淚濕衣(yi)衫(shan)的(de)(de)情景。

瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)，舊(jiu)稱(cheng)“蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)”。宋徽(hui)宗(zong)趙佶賜金字匾額題為(wei)“蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)”，后稱(cheng)“瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)”。

位于揚(yang)州市區文(wen)昌中路(lu)（原(yuan)(yuan)瓊(qiong)花路(lu)）的(de)北側，是揚(yang)州市著名旅游景(jing)點之一(yi)，原(yuan)(yuan)為供奉主(zhu)管萬物生長的(de)后土(tu)女神(shen)的(de)后土(tu)祠，始建于公元(yuan)前十一(yi)年，至今已有兩千多年的(de)歷史(shi)。宋徽(hui)宗趙佶(ji)賜金字匾額題為“蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)”。“蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)”出自《漢書·禮樂志(zhi)》“惟(wei)泰元(yuan)尊，媼神(shen)蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)”，蕃(fan)(fan)指多、大，釐(li)代表福(fu)氣，蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)即多福(fu)大福(fu)。舉世無雙的(de)揚(yang)州古瓊(qiong)花就生長在(zai)蕃(fan)(fan)釐(li)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，因此俗稱瓊(qiong)花觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。

瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)建(jian)于西漢成帝(di)元延(yan)二(er)年，宋代歐陽修任(ren)揚(yang)州知州時(shi)(shi)，于觀(guan)(guan)內筑“無雙亭(ting)”，以(yi)供(gong)養花(hua)。一到(dao)暮春三月(yue)，瓊花(hua)觀(guan)(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)瓊花(hua)盛(sheng)開時(shi)(shi)節，朵之(zhi)奇葩，倘若(ruo)蝴蝶戲珠，好似八仙起(qi)舞(wu)，以(yi)其綽約的(de)(de)芳姿與那美麗(li)動人(ren)的(de)(de)傳說，迎接著中(zhong)外游人(ren)。

榮譽及其他

相關傳說

傳說一

傳說瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀(guan)和瓊(qiong)(qiong)花有著(zhu)解不開(kai)的淵源。漢(han)代揚州城東曾有一株(zhu)瓊(qiong)(qiong)花，當時(shi)有人特為之建“瓊(qiong)(qiong)花觀(guan)”。相(xiang)傳隋煬帝下揚州也(ye)是為了觀(guan)賞瓊(qiong)(qiong)花。

宋(song)朝歐陽(yang)修(xiu)做揚州太守(shou)時，又在花(hua)旁建“無雙(shuang)亭”，以示天下無雙(shuang)。宋(song)仁宗(zong)(zong)、宋(song)孝宗(zong)(zong)都曾(ceng)移植瓊花(hua)于皇宮(gong)內，均不(bu)得活(huo)。宋(song)亡(wang)元興，這株瓊花(hua)神(shen)秘(mi)凋零而死。

瓊花是一種具有(you)傳(chuan)奇(qi)色彩的花卉。瓊花原物(wu)現今雖已(yi)不(bu)存，但長期以來(lai)，揚州(zhou)人民約定(ding)俗成，已(yi)把聚八仙花視(shi)為瓊花。瓊花觀作為千(qian)年古道(dao)觀，歷經興衰(shuai)滄桑(sang)，作為揚州(zhou)著名(ming)道(dao)觀和著名(ming)的歷史文化遺跡(ji)，始終(zhong)享有(you)崇高的地位(wei)。

傳說二

“明月三分州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有二，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一(yi)樹世無雙”。在揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)關(guan)于瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的傳說很多。有一(yi)種說法(fa)是，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)原生(sheng)于天上，一(yi)日(ri)有仙人(ren)降至揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，夸(kua)說瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)美，世人(ren)不信，仙人(ren)便取出一(yi)塊白玉(yu)種在土里，頃刻間發芽、長高、開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)(se)如(ru)玉(yu)，人(ren)們遂稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為“瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”。相傳隋(sui)煬(yang)帝要賞此花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，專門開鑿運河(he)前往(wang)揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)觀(guan)(guan)賞。因為瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有冰肌玉(yu)骨(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)質，它(ta)又(you)(you)與宋(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)興俱(ju)興，與宋(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)亡俱(ju)亡，故曾(ceng)被人(ren)視(shi)為吉祥(xiang)的象(xiang)征。據說，北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)時宋(song)(song)(song)仁(ren)宗曾(ceng)把(ba)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從(cong)揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)移植到(dao)汴京御花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)園里，但第二年(nian)就枯(ku)萎了(le)，只好又(you)(you)送還揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了(le)揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)又(you)(you)復茂如(ru)故。金國的海陵王攻占揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)后，又(you)(you)把(ba)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)連(lian)根拔起掠(lve)去(qu)，幸(xing)而有道之(zhi)(zhi)士太(tai)守(shou)對殘根辛勤培育，才使瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絕處逢生(sheng)。南宋(song)(song)(song)的孝宗聽說瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)極美，又(you)(you)把(ba)它(ta)移往(wang)臨(lin)安宮中，但瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)到(dao)了(le)臨(lin)安便憔悴無花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，只得(de)又(you)(you)遣(qian)還揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。到(dao)元(yuan)世祖時，蒙古大將阿木以十萬(wan)兵(bing)馬攻破揚(yang)(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，燒殺搶掠(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)終(zhong)于死(si)去(qu)。這(zhe)一(yi)系列神奇的傳說，都使得(de)瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蒙上了(le)神秘的色(se)(se)彩，也(ye)使瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)成為江淮(huai)一(yi)帶著名(ming)的道觀(guan)(guan)，以至于一(yi)般老百姓(xing)只知道瓊(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)觀(guan)(guan)的名(ming)字(zi)，卻不知道有蕃釐觀(guan)(guan)的名(ming)字(zi)。