一.產品介紹
德化(hua)(hua)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)仔,種(zhong)(zhong)植歷(li)史悠(you)久,主(zhu)產區(qu)位于素有(you)(you)“閩中屋脊(ji)”之稱(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)戴云山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,海拔(ba)500-1200米,溫(wen)差大,雨水(shui)充沛,長期的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)選留種(zhong)(zhong)形成了獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)當(dang)地享有(you)(you)“天下(xia)百薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),不如寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”美譽。德化(hua)(hua)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)塊(kuai)莖(jing)表皮淡(dan)褐色或淡(dan)黃(huang)色,長條圓型,龍頭短,薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)長50-80cm,須根多,切(qie)口(kou)乳(ru)白色,有(you)(you)濃稠黏液,蒸(zheng)煮(zhu)(zhu)易(yi)熟爛,薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)味(wei)清香(xiang),口(kou)感松嫩,粒(li)狀感明(ming)顯,具有(you)(you)“色味(wei)極(ji)珍品(pin)”的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)。 德化(hua)(hua)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)“寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”,早(zao)在(zai)清朝(chao)《德化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》(清?乾隆十二年)已有(you)(you)記載。“天下(xia)百薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),不如寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”以“色味(wei)極(ji)珍品(pin)”(清.乾隆版(ban)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)語言(yan))。相(xiang)傳道德仙(xian)(xian)在(zai)芹峰(feng)修練期間,在(zai)芹峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)“道德仙(xian)(xian)水(shui)圳”附近種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子(今(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan))為(wei)食(shi)(shi)。據傳芹峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia),有(you)(you)一位社人(ren)(ren)患(huan)隔食(shi)(shi)(今(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)食(shi)(shi)道癌)久治不愈,上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)向道德仙(xian)(xian)求醫,送薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子、紅菇煮(zhu)(zhu)湯服后病愈,后人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)“薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)子”為(wei)“仙(xian)(xian)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。藍田(tian)(今(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)洋田(tian))、歐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(今(jin)稱(cheng)(cheng)英山(shan)(shan)(shan))歷(li)代民(min)眾篩(shai)選繁育種(zhong)(zhong)植,成為(wei)英山(shan)(shan)(shan)“寸(cun)(cun)(cun)金(jin)(jin)(jin)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),其品(pin)質(zhi)松香(xiang)、口(kou)感好、風(feng)味(wei)獨(du)特(te)、營(ying)養豐富。具有(you)(you)健脾養胃、滋腎益精、益肺(fei)止咳、降(jiang)低血糖、延年益壽之功(gong)效。 德化(hua)(hua)淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)現有(you)(you)栽培面積1萬多畝,年產量1.3萬噸(dun)以上(shang),產品(pin)主(zhu)要銷往泉州、廈(sha)門、潮(chao)汕(shan)以及臺(tai)灣、香(xiang)港等市場,其產品(pin)疏松可口(kou)、“色味(wei)極(ji)珍品(pin)”(縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)語言(yan))的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)享譽閩南傳統銷區(qu)。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:德化縣地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)較高(gao),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,屬中(zhong)(zhong)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)貌。福(fu)建省第(di)二高(gao)峰(feng)戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)橫亙本縣中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu),故我縣有(you)閩中(zhong)(zhong)屋(wu)脊之稱(cheng),地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)大致(zhi)由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)向(xiang)四周(zhou)傾斜,呈層(ceng)狀逐級(ji)下降,具有(you)鮮(xian)明的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)特色,散布在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)(jian)小(xiao)盆地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)比較平(ping)坦。土(tu)壤(rang)成土(tu)母(mu)質以酸性(xing)巖為主,土(tu)壤(rang)的PH值在(zai)(zai)(zai)5.0—6.5之間(jian)(jian),有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1.5—2.5%之間(jian)(jian),富含(han)硼等多(duo)種微(wei)量(liang)元素。淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)栽(zai)培大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)面積(ji)分(fen)布于海(hai)拔500-1200米(mi)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)(jian)小(xiao)盆地(di)(di)(di)和(he)緩(huan)坡地(di)(di)(di)之間(jian)(jian),質地(di)(di)(di)為砂壤(rang)土(tu)或壤(rang)土(tu),通(tong)透性(xing)好,適宜栽(zai)培淮(huai)(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等根莖(jing)作(zuo)物。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:德化(hua)縣屬于(yu)(yu)中亞(ya)熱帶(dai)氣候區(qu),具(ju)有氣候溫涼適中,四季(ji)分明,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量充沛等(deng)(deng)特點。年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量均在1600-2000毫米(mi)(mi)之間(jian),每年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)達(da)25.059億立方米(mi)(mi),平(ping)(ping)均年(nian)徑流(liu)深1000-1300毫米(mi)(mi),徑流(liu)分布(bu)由南向東逐步(bu)遞(di)減,區(qu)域分布(bu)大(da)致(zhi)南部(bu)多(duo)于(yu)(yu)北部(bu),戴云(yun)山(shan)、石牛山(shan)南麓的(de)(de)赤水(shui)(shui)、雷峰、潯(xun)中等(deng)(deng)一帶(dai)為多(duo)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu),年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量1900-2100毫米(mi)(mi),而其北麓的(de)(de)大(da)銘、水(shui)(shui)口(kou)、葛坑(keng)一帶(dai)為少雨(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu),平(ping)(ping)均年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量為1500-1600毫米(mi)(mi)。境(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)具(ju)有雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量多(duo)、強度大(da)、年(nian)際(ji)變化(hua)大(da)、年(nian)內分配不均勻、地(di)(di)(di)域降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量變化(hua)懸殊等(deng)(deng)特點。年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)比沿海地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)增加500-600毫米(mi)(mi),有利(li)于(yu)(yu)淮(huai)山(shan)生長發育。主(zhu)要河流(liu)有大(da)樟溪(xi)上游(you)的(de)(de)產溪(xi)(潯(xun)水(shui)(shui))、涌(yong)溪(xi),晉江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)大(da)溪(xi)、畬寮溪(xi)。大(da)小河流(liu)密(mi)集分布(bu)全(quan)縣各(ge)地(di)(di)(di),常年(nian)可為淮(huai)山(shan)生長提供澆(jiao)灌水(shui)(shui)源。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):德化縣屬于中亞熱帶海(hai)洋性季風氣(qi)候,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫15.6-19.5℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水量1600-2000毫米,日(ri)照(zhao)時數1875.4小時。山(shan)地氣(qi)候明顯,夏季氣(qi)候涼爽,晝夜溫差較大,有(you)利于薯塊長大和(he)淀粉(fen)累積,在特(te)殊氣(qi)候條件下(xia)長期(qi)生長,形成(cheng)獨特(te)的淮山(shan)品種“寸金薯”。主要(yao)自(zi)然災害為霜凍、暴(bao)雨、臺風等。
三.地域范圍
德化(hua)(hua)淮(huai)山(又稱(cheng)寸金薯、山藥等)地(di)理標志(zhi)地(di)域保護范圍包括(kuo)德化(hua)(hua)縣龍(long)潯(xun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、潯(xun)中(zhong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雷峰(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蓋德鎮(zhen)(zhen)、三班鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上(shang)涌鎮(zhen)(zhen)等18個鎮(zhen)(zhen)鄉。德化(hua)(hua)縣位于(yu)福建省中(zhong)部,大樟溪上(shang)游,泉州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)面。介于(yu)東經117゜55ˊ~118゜32ˊ,北(bei)緯25゜23ˊ~25゜56ˊ之間。東與(yu)福州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)永泰縣、莆田市(shi)(shi)仙游縣界(jie)連,南與(yu)永春縣毗鄰(lin),西與(yu)三明(ming)市(shi)(shi)大田縣接壤,北(bei)與(yu)三明(ming)市(shi)(shi)尤溪縣相(xiang)鄰(lin)。全縣總(zong)面積2219.72平方公(gong)里。淮(huai)山總(zong)生產(chan)(chan)面積2000公(gong)頃,總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量4.5萬噸,總(zong)產(chan)(chan)值約1.8億元。
四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:德化淮山(shan)塊(kuai)莖(jing)表皮(pi)淡褐色(se)或淡黃色(se),長條圓型,龍頭短(duan),薯長50-80cm,須根(gen)多,切口乳白色(se),有(you)濃稠黏液,蒸煮易(yi)熟爛(lan),薯味清香(xiang),口感松嫩(nen),粒(li)狀感明顯,具有(you)“色(se)味極(ji)珍品(pin)”的獨特品(pin)質。
2、內在品質指標(biao):蛋白(bai)質6.5-6.95%,粗(cu)纖(xian)維0.90-1.2%,脂(zhi)肪0.15-0.23%,水分2.6-3.0%,淀粉63.0-66.0%,浸出物10.5-11.0%,氨基酸5.1-5.6%。
3、安(an)全(quan)要求:德化淮山產(chan)品(pin)質量應(ying)符(fu)合《無公害食(shi)品(pin)薯芋類蔬菜》(NY5221-2005)標準、中華人民共和國農產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全(quan)法、國務院(yuan)關于加強食(shi)品(pin)等產(chan)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)監督管(guan)理(li)的特別規(gui)(gui)定等相關規(gui)(gui)范(fan)和法律法規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)定。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地選擇: 選擇海拔500-1200米(mi),土壤微(wei)酸性、質(zhi)地疏松不粘重、排水(shui)方便的(de)水(shui)稻(dao)土或旱地種(zhong)植。產地要(yao)遠離(li)工業“三(san)廢”等污(wu)染(ran)源,土壤環境、灌溉(gai)水(shui)質(zhi)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)環境質(zhi)量應符合農業部制定的(de)無公害蔬(shu)菜產地環境標準(zhun)。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特(te)定要求:選擇具德化(hua)淮(huai)(huai)山特(te)征特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),選用“零余子”(氣生薯)數量少的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)、表(biao)皮完(wan)好(hao)、無(wu)病無(wu)損(sun)的(de)塊(kuai)莖作繁殖材(cai)料。對種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時間較長(chang)、優(you)良種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)出現退化(hua)的(de)淮(huai)(huai)山要進行提純復壯(zhuang),保持(chi)本縣品種(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強、品質優(you)、產(chan)量高、適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)的(de)優(you)良種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。
3、生產過程管理(li):德化(hua)淮(huai)山(shan)采(cai)用高壟定向栽(zai)培,壟高80-100厘(li)米(mi)(mi),每隔(ge)10-12厘(li)米(mi)(mi)打一定向孔,直徑(jing)6-8厘(li)米(mi)(mi),深80-100厘(li)米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)間放入稻草等填充料,使(shi)淮(huai)山(shan)塊根能夠(gou)定向垂直生長。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以有機能為主,少吃多餐、中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)期注意增施鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei),做到施足(zu)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei),早(zao)施苗(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),重施結薯肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。采(cai)收前30天(tian)(tian)停止施用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料。病(bing)蟲害防治(zhi)上嚴格執行(xing)(xing)“中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)農業部(bu)公(gong)告第(di)199號”和(he)“農業部(bu)、工業和(he)信息化(hua)部(bu)、環(huan)境保護部(bu)、國(guo)家工商行(xing)(xing)政管理(li)總(zong)局、國(guo)家質量監督檢驗(yan)檢疫(yi)總(zong)局第(di)1586號公(gong)告”精(jing)神(shen),禁止使(shi)用劇(ju)毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘留(liu)農藥(yao)(yao),全(quan)面使(shi)用生物農藥(yao)(yao)和(he)高效低毒(du)化(hua)學農藥(yao)(yao),按安全(quan)休(xiu)藥(yao)(yao)期規(gui)定進(jin)行(xing)(xing)采(cai)收。在(zai)6-9月(yue),用2%阿維(wei)菌素乳油1000倍(bei)液防治(zhi)炭病(bing)2次,用阿維(wei)炔(gui)螨特微(wei)乳劑(ji)4000倍(bei)液防治(zhi)螨類害蟲3次。10月(yue)份(fen)后(hou),病(bing)蟲害發生少,一般不需(xu)要(yao)用藥(yao)(yao),安全(quan)間隔(ge)期可達30天(tian)(tian)以上。
4、產品收獲:德化淮山一般在(zai)11月上旬(xun)至12月下旬(xun)采收。
5、生產記錄(lu)要求:如(ru)實(shi)記錄(lu)生產投入品(pin),特別是(shi)化(hua)肥、農(nong)藥的(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)法、用(yong)量(liang)和(he)使用(yong)、停(ting)用(yong)的(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi);收獲日(ri)期(qi)(qi);質量(liang)檢測情況(kuang)(kuang);銷售(shou)情況(kuang)(kuang)。生產記錄(lu)應當保存兩(liang)年(nian)以上。