芒果视频下载

形態特征

高大草本，高40-160厘米，大部分地下生。莖不分(fen)枝(zhi)或自基部分(fen)2-4枝(zhi)，下(xia)部直(zhi)徑(jing)可(ke)達5-10（-15）厘米(mi)，向上(shang)漸變細，直(zhi)徑(jing)2-5厘米(mi)。葉寬(kuan)(kuan)卵形(xing)或三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)0.5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)1-2厘(li)米(mi)，生于莖下部(bu)(bu)的較密，上(shang)部(bu)(bu)的較稀疏并變(bian)狹(xia)，披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)或狹(xia)披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)2-4厘(li)米(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)0.5-1厘(li)米(mi)，兩面(mian)無毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)序穗(sui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，長(chang)(chang)15-50厘(li)米(mi)，直徑4-7厘(li)米(mi)；花(hua)(hua)序下半部(bu)(bu)或全部(bu)(bu)苞片較長(chang)(chang)，與花(hua)(hua)冠等(deng)長(chang)(chang)或稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)，卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)、披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)或線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)，連同小(xiao)苞片和花(hua)(hua)冠裂片外面(mian)及(ji)邊緣疏被(bei)柔(rou)毛(mao)或近無毛(mao)；小(xiao)苞片2枚，卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)或披(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)，與花(hua)(hua)萼等(deng)長(chang)(chang)或稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)。

花萼鐘狀，長(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)米，頂(ding)端5淺裂(lie)(lie)，裂(lie)(lie)片近圓形(xing)，長(chang)2.5-4毫(hao)(hao)米，寬3-5毫(hao)(hao)米。花冠筒狀鐘形(xing)，長(chang)3-4厘(li)(li)米，頂(ding)端5裂(lie)(lie)，裂(lie)(lie)片近半圓形(xing)，長(chang)4-6毫(hao)(hao)米，寬0.6-1厘(li)(li)米，邊緣(yuan)常(chang)稍外卷(juan)，顏色(se)有變異，淡(dan)黃(huang)白色(se)或淡(dan)紫色(se)，干后常(chang)變棕褐(he)色(se)。雄蕊4枚，花絲著生于距筒基部5-6毫(hao)(hao)米處，長(chang)1.5-2.5厘(li)(li)米，基部被(bei)皺(zhou)曲長(chang)柔毛，花藥(yao)長(chang)卵形(xing)，長(chang)3.5-4.5毫(hao)(hao)米，密被(bei)長(chang)柔毛，基部有驟尖頭(tou)。

子房橢(tuo)圓形，長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1厘(li)米(mi)，基部(bu)有蜜腺(xian)，花柱比雄蕊稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)，無毛，柱頭近球形。蒴果卵球形，長(chang)(chang)1.5-2.7厘(li)米(mi)，直徑1.3-1.4厘(li)米(mi)，項端常具宿存(cun)的花柱，2瓣開(kai)裂。種子橢(tuo)圓形或近卵形，長(chang)(chang)約(yue)0.6-1毫米(mi)，外面網狀，有光澤(ze)。花期(qi)(qi)5-6月，果期(qi)(qi)6-8月。

產地分布

產內蒙古、寧夏(xia)（阿佐旗(qi)）、甘肅（昌(chang)馬(ma)）及新(xin)疆和田。模式標本采自內蒙古巴(ba)彥淖爾盟阿拉(la)善(shan)旗(qi)。

生長環境

喜(xi)生(sheng)于輕度鹽漬(zi)化的(de)(de)松軟沙地(di)上，一般生(sheng)長(chang)在沙地(di)或半(ban)固定沙丘(qiu)、干涸老河床、湖盆(pen)低地(di)等(deng)，生(sheng)境條(tiao)件(jian)很差(cha)。適(shi)宜(yi)生(sheng)長(chang)區的(de)(de)氣候干旱，降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)少，蒸(zheng)發量(liang)大，日照(zhao)時數(shu)長(chang)，晝夜溫差(cha)大。土壤以灰棕漠(mo)土、棕漠(mo)土為主(zhu)。寄主(zhu)梭梭為強(qiang)旱生(sheng)植物。肉蓯蓉多寄生(sheng)在其30-100厘米深的(de)(de)側根(gen)上。生(sheng)于海拔225-1150m的(de)(de)荒漠(mo)中，寄生(sheng)在藜科植物梭梭、白梭梭等(deng)植物的(de)(de)根(gen)上。

內蒙古肉蓯蓉歷史淵源

內蒙(meng)古(gu)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)是寄生(sheng)在荒漠植物梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)根部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)珍貴藥(yao)材(cai)，在我(wo)國(guo)傳(chuan)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)近(jin)2000年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)歷史(shi)，我(wo)國(guo)古(gu)今著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)醫藥(yao)典(dian)(dian)籍(ji)論著(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)環境、外形特征(zheng)(zheng)、藥(yao)食特性、經濟價值(zhi)、歷史(shi)淵源等均有(you)(you)(you)(you)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。如我(wo)國(guo)現存(cun)歷史(shi)最悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物學專著(zhu)(zhu) ——《神(shen)農本(ben)草(cao)經》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)詳(xiang)細記(ji)載：“肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)，味甘，微溫，主(zhu)五(wu)(wu)勞七傷(shang)，補(bu)(bu)（莖(jing)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，除莖(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寒(han)(han)熱痛(tong)，養(yang)五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)，強陰(yin)，益精氣(qi)”。我(wo)國(guo)現存(cun)記(ji)載最全的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物學專著(zhu)(zhu) ——《本(ben)草(cao)綱目》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)詳(xiang)細記(ji)載“此物補(bu)(bu)而不(bu)(bu)峻，故有(you)(you)(you)(you)從容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)號，氣(qi)味甘、微溫、無毒，主(zhu)治五(wu)(wu)勞七傷(shang)，補(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，除莖(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寒(han)(han)熱痛(tong)，養(yang)五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)，強陰(yin)益精氣(qi)，多子”。我(wo)國(guo)最權威的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物執行標準——《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人民(min)共和(he)國(guo)藥(yao)典(dian)(dian)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)詳(xiang)細記(ji)載“肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)補(bu)(bu)腎(shen)陽(yang)，益精血，潤腸通便。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)腎(shen)陽(yang)不(bu)(bu)足，精血虧虛，陽(yang)痿不(bu)(bu)孕，筋骨(gu)無力，腸燥便秘”。關于(yu)(yu)內蒙(meng)古(gu)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)，在當地(di)蒙(meng)古(gu)族牧(mu)民(min)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)這樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)流傳(chuan)久遠的(de)(de)(de)故事，傳(chuan)說當年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)代天(tian)驕(jiao)成(cheng)(cheng)吉思(si)(si)汗在著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)十三(san)冀之(zhi)(zhi)戰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，與(yu)對(dui)手札木(mu)合集結重兵(bing)大(da)戰，成(cheng)(cheng)吉思(si)(si)汗暫時失利(li)，被圍(wei)困(kun)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)滿梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)沙漠中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，饑渴(ke)難耐，人困(kun)馬乏，此時正(zheng)值(zhi)農歷三(san)九的(de)(de)(de)第三(san)天(tian)，天(tian)寒(han)(han)地(di)凍，示威的(de)(de)(de)扎木(mu)合當眾殘忍地(di)把(ba)俘(fu)虜用(yong)大(da)鍋煮殺，不(bu)(bu)料(liao)卻激怒了天(tian)神(shen)，天(tian)神(shen)派出的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)馬一(yi)(yi)(yi)躍到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)吉思(si)(si)汗面前，仰天(tian)長(chang)(chang)嘯(xiao)，將精血射(she)到(dao)梭(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)根部(bu)，然(ran)后用(yong)蹄(ti)子刨出大(da)量像(xiang)神(shen)馬生(sheng)殖器一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)塊根，這塊根即肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)，成(cheng)(cheng)吉思(si)(si)汗與(yu)將領們吃了肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)，神(shen)力涌現，沖下沙山(shan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉擊潰扎木(mu)合部(bu)落，這一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰乃為(wei)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)古(gu)奠定了基礎，并由(you)此拉(la)開征(zheng)(zheng)服歐亞大(da)陸的(de)(de)(de)序幕。傳(chuan)說歸(gui)傳(chuan)說。近(jin)年(nian)來，人們對(dui)肉(rou)蓯蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)化學成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)和(he)藥(yao)理作用(yong)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)步分(fen)析，發現除了具有(you)(you)(you)(you)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)腎(shen)功(gong)能(neng)外，更(geng)兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)抵抗衰老、增強記(ji)憶、提高免(mian)疫力等各種(zhong)(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)。

內蒙古肉蓯蓉的知名度：

內蒙(meng)古肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)沙(sha)漠(mo)地區特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)名貴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，具有(you)(you)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)補腎，抗(kang)衰老，抗(kang)老年癡呆(dai)，調節(jie)免疫，抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)，增(zeng)強體(ti)力，抗(kang)輻射，鎮靜，促進傷(shang)口(kou)愈合，保(bao)護(hu)缺血心肌(ji)，提高(gao)(gao)消(xiao)(xiao)化(hua)功能，保(bao)護(hu)神經(jing)，保(bao)肝，通便，腫(zhong)瘤輔助治療，提高(gao)(gao)記憶(yi)力等15—16種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)功能，被譽為(wei)(wei)“沙(sha)漠(mo)人(ren)(ren)參(can)”而(er)馳名中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外。原全國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)常委(wei)(wei)會副委(wei)(wei)員長吳階平院士在(zai)首屆肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)學術研討會稱肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)“大(da)(da)漠(mo)絕品(pin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華奇藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”。在(zai)《神草(cao)農(nong)本草(cao)經(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將其(qi)列為(wei)(wei)上品(pin)，在(zai)歷(li)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)出(chu)現頻度最高(gao)(gao)，而(er)在(zai)抗(kang)衰老、延年類藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)古方中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)出(chu)現頻率僅次于人(ren)(ren)參(can)，居第(di)二位。目前，隨著經(jing)濟發展，生活(huo)水平提高(gao)(gao)和社會人(ren)(ren)口(kou)老齡化(hua)，養(yang)身(shen)(shen)保(bao)健和綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)原生態產(chan)品(pin)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)被人(ren)(ren)們重(zhong)視和青睞，“回歸大(da)(da)自然”和“綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)”熱潮風靡(mi)全球，天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)在(zai)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者心目中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)地位不(bu)(bu)斷提升,人(ren)(ren)們普(pu)遍希望于靠(kao)天然藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)治病，已(yi)(yi)解(jie)決化(hua)學藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)毒副作(zuo)用(yong)、抗(kang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)源性疾病等問題(ti)。因此(ci)，人(ren)(ren)們紛紛尋(xun)求健康的(de)(de)(de)希望轉向了純天然、無污染、素有(you)(you)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)美譽之稱的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。內蒙(meng)古肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)2000多年的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)歷(li)史，目前，其(qi)主(zhu)要產(chan)品(pin)有(you)(you)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)酒、肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)口(kou)服(fu)液、肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)膠(jiao)囊、肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)保(bao)健飲料、肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)茶、肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)濃縮液以及各種含有(you)(you)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)成分的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)丸、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膏、片(pian)劑(ji)、粉劑(ji)等產(chan)品(pin)，不(bu)(bu)斷研發推(tui)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)新產(chan)品(pin)跨越(yue)了醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)領域(yu)，廣泛(fan)進入(ru)食品(pin)、美容保(bao)健、養(yang)身(shen)(shen)等高(gao)(gao)檔生活(huo)領域(yu)。肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)產(chan)品(pin)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)不(bu)(bu)但在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內日漸看好(hao)，而(er)且已(yi)(yi)進入(ru)國(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)，深(shen)受漢文化(hua)影響的(de)(de)(de)日本、韓國(guo)(guo)和東南(nan)亞一(yi)帶(dai)需求也很可觀(guan)，每年從我國(guo)(guo)進口(kou)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)干品(pin)肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)。而(er)且，不(bu)(bu)論(lun)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材界還是(shi)(shi)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)外藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材界，普(pu)遍認(ren)為(wei)(wei)內蒙(meng)古肉(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)道地的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材。