鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)就應及時(shi)對其進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電。并且按如下三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進行(xing)：第(di)一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)為(wei)恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電，第(di)二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)為(wei)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電，第(di)三：階(jie)(jie)段(duan)為(wei)滑(hua)流電。否(fou)則，會嚴重影響莆電池的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)門前廣泛用(yong)于(yu)鉛酸電池充(chong)(chong)電器的(de)(de)UC3842集成(cheng)電路可直接驅(qu)動MOS開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)，在穩定輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)同時，具有負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制能(neng)力（稱其為電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)控制型開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源驅動器(qi)）。無疑具有獨特的(de)優勢(shi)：只要用(yong)極少的(de)外圍元件(jian)即(ji)可(ke)實現(xian)恒壓輸(shu)出和(he)控制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)目的(de)。使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能(neng)夠按照鉛酸莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)要求，達到接步驟地實現(xian)智(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)目的(de)。

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鉛酸蓄(xu)電池充(chong)電器參數解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠(chang)家的要求也不(bu)一樣。最高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值相(xiang)對誤差(cha)范圍(wei)是(shi)(shi)多少(shao)？我們(men)不(bu)能脫離實際的工作對象，盲目制定出超常規的精(jing)度要求。我們(men)接到某(mou)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車售后服務(wu)部(bu)通知：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器比規定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)0.1V，電(dian)(dian)池因此熱(re)失控而充(chong)(chong)脹(zhang)了(le)；也接到通知說：電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比規定定低0.1V，電(dian)(dian)池欠充(chong)(chong)，提前報廢。一個千分之幾的誤差(cha)造成(cheng)如此嚴重后果，真是(shi)(shi)失之毫厘(li)，謬(miu)之千里之外，鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池果真有(you)這么(me)神秘(mi)嗎？為了(le)解開困(kun)擾電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)中的這個謎團，做如下(xia)實驗(yan)。

用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)水槽盛滿(man)水，電(dian)池(chi)放在水中，在電(dian)池(chi)上(shang)方有一(yi)個(ge)收集氣體用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)倒(dao)扣的(de)(de)漏斗(dou)，漏斗(dou)頂(ding)端(duan)裝(zhuang)有可以(yi)計量氣體容量的(de)(de)注(zhu)射針筒。充電(dian)用(yong)(yong)可調穩壓電(dian)源，用(yong)(yong)兩只(zhi)四位半數字萬用(yong)(yong)表測(ce)量充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)和充電(dian)電(dian)壓。

試驗時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)在(zai)冬季，水溫5℃。實驗條件是(shi)統一(yi)用(yong)2A電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)分(fen)別(bie)用(yong)43V、44V、45V輪循(xun)環依(yi)次(ci)進行，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)流一(yi)律400mA，記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)每次(ci)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，包(bao)括(kuo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)末期隨時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)流下(xia)(xia)降各點數據、開始析(xi)氣電(dian)壓(ya)，按時(shi)間(jian)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)析(xi)氣量(liang)(liang)(liang)。電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)完(wan)后，用(yong)萬分(fen)之(zhi)幾精度(du)的電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)臺記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)放(fang)電(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)。充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)在(zai)計算紙上讀(du)出時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)流曲(qu)線(xian)與坐標之(zhi)間(jian)的面積（電(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流對(dui)時(shi)間(jian)的定積分(fen)）。

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備(bei)注(zhu)：該(gai)電(dian)池組30℃時，放電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)10Ah。

得(de)到(dao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗數據后(hou)，最(zui)感到(dao)驚(jing)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少幾(ji)乎與(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)無關(guan)。很多(duo)人認為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿(man)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)提前鹽化報廢(fei)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)氣溫較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候。而這次(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗正好是(shi)(shi)(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)，水溫只有5℃，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值是(shi)(shi)(shi)44V，上(shang)下(xia)偏差1V，相(xiang)對(dui)誤差是(shi)(shi)(shi)2.3%。在用43V和45V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)相(xiang)差無幾(ji)，與(yu)(yu)大家(jia)公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看法大相(xiang)徑庭，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗是(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同一組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)，輪番做同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，實驗數據重(zhong)復同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律，可排除偶然因素干擾(rao)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗數據是(shi)(shi)(shi)準確可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上(shang)看，只要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一直到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質轉(zhuan)換完(wan)成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始(shi)由恒(heng)流區轉(zhuan)變到(dao)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)區，這種轉(zhuan)變是(shi)(shi)(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自身充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)多(duo)少、活性(xing)物(wu)質反(fan)應了多(duo)少決(jue)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低，僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，只要(yao)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就會(hui)(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)少物(wu)質能(neng)參(can)與(yu)(yu)反(fan)應由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)自身決(jue)定(ding)。從這個思路理解，就不(bu)難得(de)出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)低對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)沒(mei)有多(duo)大影響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在42.5V～43.5V時(shi)開始(shi)析氣，而析氣的速度與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關。到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)，總(zong)析氣量與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關，43V與45V總(zong)析氣量相差10位(wei)（注：以單格允(yun)許極限(xian)失(shi)水10克，18格相當240公升氣體(ti)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)45V時(shi)失(shi)水并(bing)不大）。 在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降區(qu)時(shi)，只(zhi)要降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到42.5V時(shi)，析氣立(li)即(ji)停止，這時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)稍小(xiao)一點(dian)，還會依著原來的規律下降。

這里對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)討(tao)論一下(xia)。對于(yu)(yu)長期處于(yu)(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)的鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，如(ru)后備電(dian)(dian)源上用(yong)(yong)的等(deng)，對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要求是(shi)嚴(yan)格的。據國處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有-0.2%溫(wen)度系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏差太(tai)大會造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)動車用(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)屬循環使用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)是(shi)處于(yu)(yu)這種狀態(tai)，不(bu)應該用(yong)(yong)套用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)使用(yong)(yong)的條件(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的目的僅是(shi)免(mian)于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)末(mo)期大量(liang)析(xi)氣失水，只要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)到析(xi)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)下(xia)，但也不(bu)能低(di)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而停止向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。前面說(shuo)過，在浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的走勢基本還(huan)是(shi)依著原曲線下(xia)降(jiang)，一般還(huan)補(bu)足5%的容量(liang)。所以(yi)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應在的范(fan)圍是(shi)低(di)于(yu)(yu)析(xi)氣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)以(yi)后的開路(lu)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，只不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)選擇在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)活性物質(zhi)反應(ying)接近(jin)尾聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)自動下(xia)(xia)降到(dao)某一(yi)(yi)點(dian)時(shi)(shi)，切換(huan)(huan)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記號，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少人(ren)以為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿(man)是(shi)概(gai)念不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只要(yao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都會(hui)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)有(you)用(yong)戶看到(dao)指示燈紅轉(zhuan)綠(lv)后提前(qian)(qian)去(qu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，這(zhe)種情況是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)夜間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)早晨綠(lv)燈已亮了(le)多(duo)時(shi)(shi)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠家使用(yong)說明書上(shang)提醒用(yong)戶，在轉(zhuan)綠(lv)燈后繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，是(shi)很(hen)(hen)好很(hen)(hen)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以沒有(you)必(bi)要(yao)刻(ke)意去(qu)追求浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低，一(yi)(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)末(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)約為50mA，失(shi)水以后，酸比增高(gao)(gao)(gao)，那時(shi)(shi)可達500 mA以上(shang)。從析(xi)氣速率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)上(shang)來看（上(shang)圖(tu)），早點(dian)脫離析(xi)氣區(qu)為好，一(yi)(yi)方面，一(yi)(yi)方面可以減少析(xi)氣量(liang)，另一(yi)(yi)方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，末(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但還能低于(yu)我們設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)直在最高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)，大量(liang)失(shi)水，引發熱控，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。有(you)人(ren)固執(zhi)地(di)強調，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)(qian)面已討論過(guo)，切換(huan)(huan)到(dao)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還會(hui)繼續(xu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)適當(dang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)有(you)利于(yu)避免過(guo)分失(shi)水和熱失(shi)控。

至于(yu)(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)小設定(ding)，先看一(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池制造廠家對(dui)10Ah（12Ah）吸附式小型密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)技術要求，通常規定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率不要大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.3C，相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，而(er)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)2A左(zuo)右，遠離極限(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)范圍內大(da)一(yi)(yi)點、小一(yi)(yi)點，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長一(yi)(yi)點、短(duan)一(yi)(yi)點，沒有很高的(de)(de)要求，有10%的(de)(de)誤差就(jiu)行了，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻精(jing)度是5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)精(jing)度不會高于(yu)(yu)(yu)此。

總而言之，不(bu)管(guan)哪家生產的(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)閥控(kong)吸附式小密(mi)封(feng)電(dian)(dian)池，其基本結構是完全(quan)一樣(yang)的(de)(de)，僅極板、框架(jia)、滲入的(de)(de)微量元素、漿料配方、硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度等有(you)此(ci)微小差異，而在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學方面(mian)都是一樣(yang)的(de)(de)，也就(jiu)是說它們(men)單體的(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓、充放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度（動(dong)力型(xing)）、開(kai)始析氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓點(dian)等，不(bu)會有(you)顯著的(de)(de)差異。一個按照前面(mian)所討論(lun)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)器，可適應所有(you)品牌的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池，不(bu)存在(zai)匹配問題。

鉛酸蓄電池充電器認識誤(wu)區

1、最高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)量關系(xi)不大。

2、浮充電壓與充入(ru)電量沒關系，只要高于(yu)電池最大開路端電壓，低于(yu)開始析氣點電壓就行了。

3、浮充(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電流，僅(jin)是切(qie)換(huan)最高充(chong)電電壓(ya)到(dao)浮充(chong)電壓(ya)的設(she)定點，不宜過(guo)小或過(guo)大，與(yu)充(chong)電量(liang)也沒(mei)關系。

4、充電電流只要(yao)(yao)不超(chao)過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應為4A)都是(shi)允(yun)許的，不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)(yao)求。

所以，對于36V閥控(kong)式(shi)(shi)吸附式(shi)(shi)小密(mi)封電池(chi)組充電參數推薦如下：

最(zui)高電壓：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉(zhuan)換電流：300mA～500Ma

浮充電壓：41V～42V

充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)中一些認識誤區(qu)進(jin)行的試驗(yan)和分析，通過(guo)以上的試驗(yan)和分析能使(shi)廣(guang)大消費(fei)者知道鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)中應注意的一些問題，以更(geng)好地正確使(shi)用充(chong)電(dian)器。