蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下(xia)列情(qing)況之一時應(ying)進行充電(dian)(dian)：電(dian)(dian)解液比重(zhong)降至1.2以(yi)下(xia)；冬季放電(dian)(dian)超過(guo)25%；夏季放電(dian)(dian)超過(guo)50%；燈光暗(an)淡(dan)；啟動無力。

有的車主認為，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)可以節省時間，只需(xu)要3-5個小時。其(qi)實不然(ran)，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)只是迅(xun)速把電(dian)池表面激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)池內部是沒有 完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)的。

除了快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還有一(yi)種為慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為10-15個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，那(nei)些深(shen)虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就必須進行慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)(bu)足 ，會(hui)直接(jie)影(ying)響到汽(qi)車的(de)行駛性能。雖(sui)說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是個(ge)相當(dang)簡單的(de)操作，但也有一(yi)些注意事項：1、向鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要穿上保護衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)， 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)附(fu)近(jin)不(bu)(bu)能有火花，禁止抽煙(yan)。3、對一(yi)個(ge)或對多(duo)個(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)要超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)首次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，則蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)(liang)不高，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)也(ye)短；若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量(liang)(liang)(liang)，則蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能雖(sui)然(ran)好，但也(ye)會縮(suo)短它的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，所(suo)以(yi)新蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)小心謹慎地進行(xing)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于普通(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)一定要(yao)按(an)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)范進行(xing)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，按(an)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書，雖(sui)然(ran)在(zai)規(gui)定的(de)兩(liang)年(nian)儲存期內若需(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只(zhi)要(yao)加(jia)入規(gui)定密度(du)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置(zhi)15min，不需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。但是，如果儲存期超(chao)過兩(liang)年(nian)，由于極板上有(you)部(bu)分(fen)氧化，為了提(ti)高其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)(liang)(liang)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)應進行(xing)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員(yuan)常忽視對(dui)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)車(che)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底，易(yi)造成極板(ban)硫化；同(tong)時(shi)，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中充(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不(bu)平衡的(de)，倘若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長期處(chu)于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板(ban)就會(hui)(hui)慢慢硫化。這種慢性硫化，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)斷(duan)降低，直(zhi)到起(qi)動無力，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)縮短蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板(ban)上的(de)活(huo)性物(wu)質及時(shi)得到還原，減少(shao)極板(ban)硫化，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量，延(yan)長其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，對(dui)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池應定(ding)期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池經常(chang)過量充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，即使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不大(da)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液長時間(jian)“沸騰”，除了活(huo)性(xing)物質表面的(de)細小顆粒易(yi)于(yu)脫(tuo)落外(wai)，還會使柵(zha)架(jia)(jia)過分氧化，造成(cheng)活(huo)性(xing)物質與柵(zha)架(jia)(jia)松散剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)材(cai)料不同，除(chu)了活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質外，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)還添加了硫酸鋇(bei)、腐殖(zhi)酸、炭黑(hei)和松(song)香等材(cai)料，用來防止負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)數又總是比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)數多一(yi)片，而且負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)略薄。當進行(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的初充(chong)電(dian)或補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)時，若(ruo)不注意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)，會使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)反(fan)，使正、負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)幾乎都(dou)變成(cheng)粗(cu)晶粒(li)的PbSO4，造成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)荷容量不足，不能正常工作，甚至導(dao)致蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)報廢。因(yin)此，充(chong)電(dian)時一(yi)定(ding)要注意極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)，切不可極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)反(fan)。

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