蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下列情況之一(yi)時應進行充電(dian)：電(dian)解液比(bi)重降至1.2以下；冬季放電(dian)超(chao)過25%；夏季放電(dian)超(chao)過50%；燈光(guang)暗淡；啟(qi)動(dong)無力。

有的(de)車主(zhu)認為，快速(su)充電可以節省時間，只(zhi)需(xu)要3-5個小時。其實(shi)不然，快速(su)充電只(zhi)是迅速(su)把(ba)電池(chi)(chi)表面激(ji)活，而實(shi)際(ji)上電池(chi)(chi)內部是沒有 完全充滿(man)電的(de)。

除了快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)之外，還(huan)有一(yi)種為慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間為10-15個(ge)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，那些深虧電(dian)池(chi)就必(bi)須進行(xing)慢充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，否則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)量不(bu)(bu)(bu)足 ，會直接影響到(dao)汽車(che)的行(xing)駛性(xing)能。雖說充(chong)(chong)電(dian)是個(ge)相當簡單的操作，但也有一(yi)些注意事項(xiang)：1、向鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要穿(chuan)上保護(hu)衣。2、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)， 蓄電(dian)池(chi)附近不(bu)(bu)(bu)能有火(huo)花，禁(jin)止抽煙。3、對一(yi)個(ge)或對多(duo)個(ge)蓄電(dian)池(chi)并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要超過(guo)16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)首次充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)有(you)很大的(de)影響。若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不(bu)高，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命也(ye)(ye)短(duan)；若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)量(liang)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能雖然好，但也(ye)(ye)會(hui)縮短(duan)它的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，所以(yi)新(xin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要小心(xin)謹慎地進行初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前一定(ding)要按充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)范(fan)進行初(chu)(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，按使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書，雖然在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)兩年儲存期內若需使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只要加入規(gui)定(ding)密度的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液擱置15min，不(bu)需要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可投入使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。但是，如果儲存期超過(guo)兩年，由于極(ji)板上有(you)部分氧化(hua)，為了(le)提高其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前應進行補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些(xie)駕駛(shi)員常忽視對(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)補(bu)充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)車上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)徹底，易造成(cheng)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)；同時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)中充、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長(chang)期(qi)處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)就會慢慢硫化(hua)(hua)。這種(zhong)慢性硫化(hua)(hua)，會使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)(bu)斷降低，直到起動無力(li)，大(da)大(da)縮短蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活性物質及時(shi)得到還原，減少(shao)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量，延長(chang)其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命，對(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)定期(qi)進行補(bu)充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池經(jing)常過量充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，即使(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不大，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液長時間“沸(fei)騰”，除(chu)了活性物質(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)的細小(xiao)顆粒易于脫(tuo)落外，還會(hui)使(shi)(shi)柵(zha)架過分氧化，造成活性物質(zhi)與(yu)柵(zha)架松(song)散(san)剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)材料不(bu)(bu)同，除(chu)了活性物質外(wai)(wai)，負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)還添加了硫酸鋇、腐(fu)殖酸、炭黑和(he)松香等材料，用來防止(zhi)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)收縮和(he)氧化。另外(wai)(wai)，每(mei)個單格(ge)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)數(shu)又總是比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)數(shu)多一(yi)片，而(er)且負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)比(bi)正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)略薄。當進行(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的初(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)或補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，若不(bu)(bu)注意極(ji)(ji)性，會使蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)反(fan)，使正、負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)幾(ji)乎都變(bian)成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量不(bu)(bu)足，不(bu)(bu)能正常工作(zuo)，甚(shen)至導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。因此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)一(yi)定要注意極(ji)(ji)性，切不(bu)(bu)可極(ji)(ji)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)反(fan)。

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