蓄電池充電，蓄電池充電器

出現下列情況之一(yi)時應進行(xing)充(chong)電：電解液比重降至1.2以下；冬季放(fang)電超過25%；夏(xia)季放(fang)電超過50%；燈光暗淡；啟(qi)動無力。

有(you)的車主認為，快速充電(dian)可以(yi)節省(sheng)時間，只需要3-5個小時。其實不然，快速充電(dian)只是迅速把電(dian)池(chi)表面激活(huo)，而實際(ji)上電(dian)池(chi)內部是沒有(you) 完(wan)全充滿電(dian)的。

除了快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還(huan)有一種為(wei)慢(man)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為(wei)10-15個小時，那些深虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就必須進行慢(man)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)不(bu)夠，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足 ，會(hui)直接影響到(dao)汽車的(de)行駛性(xing)能(neng)。雖(sui)說充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是個相(xiang)當(dang)簡單(dan)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)，但也有一些注意(yi)事(shi)項：1、向鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要穿(chuan)上(shang)保護(hu)衣。2、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時， 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)附近不(bu)能(neng)有火花，禁止抽煙。3、對一個或對多個蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并(bing)聯充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)要超過16V。

蓄電池充電誤區

新蓄電池不進行初充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的首次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為初(chu)(chu)(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，初(chu)(chu)(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)有(you)很大的影響。若充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)高，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命也短；若充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過量(liang)(liang)，則蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能雖然(ran)好，但也會(hui)縮短它的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，所以新(xin)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要小(xiao)心謹慎地進行初(chu)(chu)(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于(yu)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前一定要按充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)范(fan)進行初(chu)(chu)(chu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對于(yu)干荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，按使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書，雖然(ran)在規(gui)定的兩年儲(chu)存期(qi)內若需使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只要加入規(gui)定密度的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液擱置15min，不(bu)(bu)需要充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可投入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。但是，如果儲(chu)存期(qi)超過兩年，由于(yu)極板上(shang)有(you)部分氧化，為了提高其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前應進行補充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5h-8h后再用(yong)(yong)。

蓄電池不進行補充充電

有些駕駛(shi)員常忽(hu)視對(dui)在(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由(you)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)車上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底，易造(zao)成極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)；同(tong)時(shi)，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用中充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不平衡的(de)，倘若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期(qi)(qi)處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)就會(hui)慢(man)(man)(man)慢(man)(man)(man)硫化(hua)(hua)。這種慢(man)(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)硫化(hua)(hua)，會(hui)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)不斷降低，直到起動(dong)無力，大大縮短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上的(de)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)及時(shi)得到還(huan)原，減少極(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)硫化(hua)(hua)，提高蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)，延長其使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)，對(dui)在(zai)用車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期(qi)(qi)進行補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經常(chang)過(guo)(guo)量充電(dian)(dian)，即使(shi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不大，但電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)長(chang)時間“沸(fei)騰”，除了活性物質表(biao)面的細小顆粒(li)易(yi)于脫落外，還(huan)會使(shi)柵架(jia)(jia)過(guo)(guo)分(fen)氧(yang)化，造(zao)成活性物質與柵架(jia)(jia)松散剝離。

充電時極性充反

由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池正負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)材料不(bu)(bu)同，除了活性物質外(wai)，負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)還添加了硫酸鋇、腐(fu)殖酸、炭黑和(he)松香等材料，用來防止負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)收縮和(he)氧化(hua)。另外(wai)，每個(ge)單格(ge)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數(shu)又總是比正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)數(shu)多一(yi)(yi)片(pian)，而且負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)比正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)略薄。當(dang)進行蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的初充電(dian)(dian)或補充充電(dian)(dian)時，若不(bu)(bu)注意(yi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性，會使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充反，使正、負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幾乎都變成(cheng)粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量不(bu)(bu)足，不(bu)(bu)能正常工作，甚至導致蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池報廢。因此，充電(dian)(dian)時一(yi)(yi)定要注意(yi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性，切不(bu)(bu)可極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性充反。

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