【試用期陷阱】畢業生(sheng)試用期陷阱有哪些 如(ru)何避免(mian)試用期陷阱
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，一般有(you)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)階段(duan)不(bu)簽勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)表現形式(shi)。根據規定：“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)內。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)僅約定試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)的，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)成立，該期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)。”也(ye)就是說，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)是依附(fu)于(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、以勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)為前提條件的，沒有(you)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)就沒有(you)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)條款，不(bu)存在單獨的“試(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一些用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)規(gui)定的試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限過長(chang)，如簽(qian)訂一年期(qi)(qi)(qi)勞動合同(tong)，試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)卻長(chang)達6個月。
按規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：“勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)限3個(ge)月(yue)以(yi)上不(bu)滿1年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)1個(ge)月(yue)；勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)限1年(nian)以(yi)上不(bu)滿3年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)2個(ge)月(yue)；3年(nian)以(yi)上固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限和(he)無固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)得超(chao)(chao)過(guo)6個(ge)月(yue)。”如果勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)了法律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)限，勞動(dong)者可以(yi)要(yao)求變(bian)更相應的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)限，也可要(yao)求用(yong)人單(dan)位對(dui)超(chao)(chao)過(guo)部分按照非試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)工資標準支付(fu)(fu)工資。此外，依(yi)據規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，勞動(dong)者還有權要(yao)求用(yong)人單(dan)位支付(fu)(fu)賠償金(jin)。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用(yong)人(ren)單位往(wang)往(wang)以時間(jian)太短(duan)、考(kao)察不(bu)全面(mian)、還需繼續努力(li)為(wei)理(li)由，在原試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)屆滿后延長或與勞動者(zhe)重新(xin)約定試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)。
按規定(ding)(ding)：“同一(yi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位與(yu)同一(yi)勞動者(zhe)只能約定(ding)(ding)一(yi)次(ci)試用(yong)(yong)期。”即用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位不得(de)以任(ren)何理由與(yu)勞動者(zhe)重復約定(ding)(ding)試用(yong)(yong)期，也不得(de)對原來(lai)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)試用(yong)(yong)期進行延長。如果單位在一(yi)次(ci)試用(yong)(yong)的(de)合理時間內依(yi)然(ran)不能判斷勞動者(zhe)是否勝任(ren)工作(zuo)，就(jiu)應承擔(dan)由此而(er)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)風險。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用人單位(wei)把試用期職(zhi)工(gong)當作“價廉(lian)物美”的勞(lao)動力，試用期工(gong)資常常低(di)于最低(di)工(gong)資標準，甚至“零(ling)工(gong)資”試用。
按規定(ding)：“勞動(dong)者(zhe)在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資不得(de)低(di)于本單位相(xiang)同(tong)崗(gang)位最低(di)檔工(gong)(gong)(gong)資或(huo)者(zhe)勞動(dong)合(he)同(tong)約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)80%，并不得(de)低(di)于用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位所在地的(de)(de)(de)最低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資標準。”勞動(dong)者(zhe)在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資權(quan)益受(shou)最低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資標準和(he)相(xiang)同(tong)崗(gang)位最低(di)檔工(gong)(gong)(gong)資或(huo)者(zhe)勞動(dong)合(he)同(tong)約定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)保護，因此試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)不是(shi)“廉價期(qi)”、 “白用(yong)(yong)期(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些用(yong)人單位為降低用(yong)工成(cheng)本，以試用(yong)期(qi)不(bu)包含(han)在勞動合同期(qi)限中，或(huo)試用(yong)期(qi)滿再說為由，不(bu)給勞動者(zhe)辦理社會保險，勞動者(zhe)往往不(bu)懂或(huo)不(bu)敢(gan)提(ti)出異議。
根(gen)據規定，勞動關(guan)系(xi)自用工(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)建立，在(zai)(zai)試用期(qi)間，用人(ren)單位和(he)勞動者同樣存在(zai)(zai)勞動關(guan)系(xi)，不(bu)能(neng)因(yin)勞動者的試用期(qi)身份而加(jia)以(yi)限制或與其他勞動者區別對待。同時，社會保(bao)險(xian)是(shi)國家實(shi)施的一項強制性的保(bao)險(xian)制度，不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)用人(ren)單位和(he)勞動者私下(xia)約定免(mian)繳社會保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)，還是(shi)以(yi)商業保(bao)險(xian)取代社會保(bao)險(xian)，都是(shi)無(wu)效的。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些(xie)用人單位(wei)認為(wei)(wei)，既然(ran)是試用，用人單位(wei)在試用期內(nei)可以無條件、隨(sui)心所欲地解除勞動合同，很(hen)多職(zhi)工也(ye)認為(wei)(wei)這是理所當(dang)然(ran)的事情。
根據規定，在試(shi)用(yong)期中，用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)證(zheng)明勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者存在不(bu)符合(he)(he)錄用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)、嚴重(zhong)違(wei)紀、嚴重(zhong)失職(zhi)、勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同無(wu)效等法(fa)定解(jie)除(chu)(chu)情形，才能依(yi)法(fa)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)試(shi)用(yong)期職(zhi)工，否則(ze)，用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)得解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同。用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在試(shi)用(yong)期解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的(de)，還應當(dang)向勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者說明理由。如果(guo)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)能證(zheng)明勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者“不(bu)符合(he)(he)錄用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)”而隨意解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，屬于違(wei)法(fa)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者有權依(yi)法(fa)要求用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)支付賠償金。
