一、陰極銅是什么意思

金(jin)屬銅元(yuan)素符號Cu，原(yuan)子量(liang)63.55，比重(zhong)8.96，熔點1083.4士0.2°℃，沸點2567°℃。銅呈(cheng)淺玫瑰色(se)或淡紅色(se)，表面形(xing)成氧化(hua)銅膜(mo)后，外觀(guan)呈(cheng)紫銅色(se)，是人類(lei)最早發現的古老(lao)金(jin)屬之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指(zhi)銅(tong)精礦由電(dian)解精煉法或(huo)電(dian)解沉積法生產得到的(de)(de)高純度的(de)(de)銅(tong)，也稱精煉銅(tong)或(huo)精銅(tong)（refinedcopper）。國標(biao)GB/T 467-2010、歐標(biao)BS EN 1978-1998和美標(biao)ASTM B115均(jun)是陰(yin)極銅(tong)的(de)(de)行業標(biao)準規(gui)范。

由于陰(yin)(yin)極銅(tong)具有較優良的導電(dian)性、導熱性、延展性、耐(nai)腐蝕性、耐(nai)磨(mo)性等(deng)特(te)點(dian)，因(yin)此陰(yin)(yin)極銅(tong)被(bei)(bei)下游(you)加工成銅(tong)線、銅(tong)棒、銅(tong)板帶、銅(tong)箔(bo)、銅(tong)管以及(ji)各類合金產(chan)品，被(bei)(bei)廣泛應用(yong)于電(dian)力、電(dian)子、交通設備、機(ji)械制(zhi)造、建筑工業、國(guo)防工業、醫學、有機(ji)化學等(deng)行業，在我國(guo)有色金屬材料的消(xiao)費中僅次于鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電解銅(tong)和陰極銅(tong)沒有區(qu)別。

陰(yin)極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通(tong)常指(zhi)電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指(zhi)將(jiang)粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先制成(cheng)厚板(ban)作(zuo)(zuo)為陽極(ji)，純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制成(cheng)薄片作(zuo)(zuo)陰(yin)極(ji)，以(yi)(yi)硫酸和硫酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的混合液作(zuo)(zuo)為電(dian)解(jie)液。通(tong)電(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)溶解(jie)成(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子(zi)（Cu）向陰(yin)極(ji)移動，到達陰(yin)極(ji)后獲得電(dian)子(zi)而(er)在(zai)(zai)陰(yin)極(ji)析(xi)出(chu)純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜(za)(za)質(zhi)如比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活(huo)潑(po)的鐵和鋅等(deng)會(hui)隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)起溶解(jie)為離(li)子(zi)（Zn和Fe）。由于這(zhe)些離(li)子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子(zi)相比(bi)不易(yi)析(xi)出(chu)，所以(yi)(yi)電(dian)解(jie)時只要適當調節電(dian)位差即(ji)可避免這(zhe)些離(li)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)陰(yin)極(ji)上析(xi)出(chu)。比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不活(huo)潑(po)的雜(za)(za)質(zhi)如金和銀等(deng)沉積在(zai)(zai)電(dian)解(jie)槽的底部。這(zhe)樣生產(chan)出(chu)來的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)，稱為“電(dian)解(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質(zhi)量極(ji)高，可以(yi)(yi)用來制作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)氣產(chan)品。

陰極(ji)銅的(de)品質(zhi)要求：銅精礦(kuang)由電(dian)解精煉法或電(dian)解沉積(ji)法生產得到陰極(ji)銅。按國標GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)銅》的(de)規定，陰極(ji)銅按化學成(cheng)分分為高(gao)純陰極(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－1）和標準陰極(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－2）和兩個牌號。

陰極銅的試驗方法：高純陰極(ji)銅化學(xue)成分(fen)的仲裁分(fen)析方法按GB/T13293－1991《高純陽極(ji)銅化學(xue)分(fen)析方法》的規(gui)定進行，標準陰極(ji)銅化學(xue)成分(fen)的仲裁分(fen)析方法按GB/T5121-1996《銅及銅合金化學(xue)分(fen)析方法》的規(gui)定進行。表面質(zhi)量用目(mu)視檢測。