一、陰極銅是什么意思

金(jin)屬銅(tong)元素(su)符號Cu，原子量63.55，比重8.96，熔點(dian)1083.4士0.2°℃，沸點(dian)2567°℃。銅(tong)呈淺玫瑰色(se)(se)或(huo)淡紅色(se)(se)，表面形成氧化銅(tong)膜后，外觀呈紫銅(tong)色(se)(se)，是人類最早發(fa)現的古老金(jin)屬之—。

陰極銅（copper cathode）是指銅(tong)精(jing)(jing)礦由電解精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)法(fa)或電解沉積法(fa)生產得到的(de)(de)高純度的(de)(de)銅(tong)，也(ye)稱精(jing)(jing)煉(lian)銅(tong)或精(jing)(jing)銅(tong)（refinedcopper）。國標(biao)GB/T 467-2010、歐標(biao)BS EN 1978-1998和美標(biao)ASTM B115均(jun)是陰極銅(tong)的(de)(de)行業標(biao)準規(gui)范。

由于陰極(ji)銅(tong)具(ju)有(you)(you)較優(you)良的導電(dian)性(xing)、導熱性(xing)、延展性(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)、耐磨性(xing)等特點，因此陰極(ji)銅(tong)被下游加工(gong)成銅(tong)線、銅(tong)棒、銅(tong)板帶、銅(tong)箔、銅(tong)管以及各類(lei)合金產品，被廣泛應用于電(dian)力、電(dian)子、交通設備(bei)、機(ji)械制造、建筑工(gong)業(ye)、國(guo)防工(gong)業(ye)、醫學(xue)、有(you)(you)機(ji)化學(xue)等行業(ye)，在我國(guo)有(you)(you)色金屬材料的消費中僅次(ci)于鋁。

二、陰極銅和電解銅的區別

電(dian)解銅(tong)和(he)陰極銅(tong)沒有區別。

陰(yin)極(ji)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)通常指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是指(zhi)將粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)99%）預先制成厚(hou)板作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)陽極(ji)，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制成薄(bo)片作(zuo)(zuo)陰(yin)極(ji)，以硫酸(suan)和(he)(he)硫酸(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)混合液作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)液。通電(dian)(dian)后，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)從陽極(ji)溶解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子(zi)（Cu）向陰(yin)極(ji)移動，到達(da)陰(yin)極(ji)后獲得電(dian)(dian)子(zi)而在陰(yin)極(ji)析出純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（亦稱電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）。粗(cu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中雜質(zhi)如比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)活潑(po)的(de)鐵和(he)(he)鋅(xin)等會隨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一起(qi)溶解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)為(wei)離(li)子(zi)（Zn和(he)(he)Fe）。由于這些離(li)子(zi)與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)離(li)子(zi)相比不(bu)易析出，所以電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)只(zhi)要適當調節電(dian)(dian)位差(cha)即可避(bi)免這些離(li)子(zi)在陰(yin)極(ji)上析出。比銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)活潑(po)的(de)雜質(zhi)如金和(he)(he)銀等沉積在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)槽的(de)底部(bu)。這樣(yang)生(sheng)產出來的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板，稱為(wei)“電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”，質(zhi)量極(ji)高(gao)，可以用來制作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)氣產品。

陰極(ji)(ji)銅的品質要(yao)求：銅精礦(kuang)由(you)電解精煉法(fa)或電解沉積法(fa)生產得到(dao)陰極(ji)(ji)銅。按國標(biao)(biao)GB/T467－1997《陰極(ji)(ji)銅》的規(gui)定(ding)，陰極(ji)(ji)銅按化學成分分為高純陰極(ji)(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－1）和標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)陰極(ji)(ji)銅（Cu－CATH－2）和兩個牌(pai)號。

陰極銅的(de)(de)試驗方(fang)法：高純陰極銅(tong)化學(xue)成分的(de)(de)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)分析(xi)方(fang)法按(an)GB/T13293－1991《高純陽極銅(tong)化學(xue)分析(xi)方(fang)法》的(de)(de)規定進行，標準陰極銅(tong)化學(xue)成分的(de)(de)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)分析(xi)方(fang)法按(an)GB/T5121-1996《銅(tong)及銅(tong)合金化學(xue)分析(xi)方(fang)法》的(de)(de)規定進行。表面(mian)質量用目視檢測(ce)。