一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)儲能主要利用電網(wang)負荷低谷時的剩(sheng)余電力壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，并將(jiang)其儲藏(zang)在高(gao)壓(ya)密封設(she)施內(nei)，在用電高(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發(fa)電，壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)儲能原理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)負荷(he)低谷(gu)時的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓縮(suo)機(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓入(ru)(ru)作(zuo)為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)密閉大容量(liang)(liang)地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可(ke)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化成(cheng)可(ke)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓勢能(neng)并儲(chu)存于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)。當系統(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)不足時，將(jiang)壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)與油或天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)(he)燃燒(shao)，導(dao)入(ru)(ru)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)調峰需(xu)要。壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)蓄能(neng)子系統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低谷(gu)的(de)(de)(de)低價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存在巖穴、廢(fei)棄(qi)礦井等貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)，蓄能(neng)時通(tong)(tong)過(guo)聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)(tong)高峰負荷(he)時，利用壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)驅動(dong)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)、燃燒(shao)室(shi)以及加(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)等發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)主要優勢是規模大、壽命長(chang)、成本較低和(he)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間長(chang)。它的規模可以(yi)達(da)到百兆瓦級(ji)以(yi)上，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間可達(da)4—10小(xiao)時(shi)，甚(shen)至更長(chang)。由于都是機(ji)械(xie)裝置，正常(chang)維護情(qing)況(kuang)下壽命可達(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能劣(lie)勢在于：

（1）目前(qian)壓縮空(kong)氣儲能的效(xiao)率約為70%，與效(xiao)率較高(gao)的電池(chi)（85%—90%）相比相對較低。

（2）響應速度沒有電化學儲能(neng)快(kuai)，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正(zheng)常(chang)響應時間需要(yao)3—9分(fen)鐘，而電化學儲能(neng)為(wei)秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)(ji)到(dao)毫秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)(ji)。壓縮(suo)空氣儲能(neng)系統只有作為(wei)旋轉備用時才可以達(da)到(dao)秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適合(he)太(tai)小規模的應用場(chang)景(jing)，規模太(tai)小，系統效率會下降，單位成(cheng)本會增加。