一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)能主要利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)網負荷(he)低谷時的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)力(li)壓縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)，并將其儲(chu)藏在高(gao)壓密封(feng)設施(shi)內，在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發電(dian)(dian)，壓縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)能原理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統負荷低谷(gu)時的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機帶動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮(suo)機，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)入(ru)作(zuo)為儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)(de)密閉(bi)大容(rong)量地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲存的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化成可儲存的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)勢(shi)能并(bing)儲存于(yu)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中。當系(xi)(xi)統發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)時，將(jiang)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器與(yu)(yu)(yu)油(you)或(huo)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合燃(ran)燒(shao)，導(dao)入(ru)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機做功發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統調(diao)峰需要。壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等組成的(de)(de)蓄(xu)能子系(xi)(xi)統將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低谷(gu)的(de)(de)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過(guo)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲存在巖(yan)穴、廢棄礦(kuang)井等貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中，蓄(xu)能時通過(guo)聯軸器將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機和(he)壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)(yu)(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機解耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統高峰負荷時，利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒(shao)驅動燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機、燃(ran)燒(shao)室(shi)以及加熱器等發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)統，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機與(yu)(yu)(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機解耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)能主要優勢是規(gui)模(mo)大、壽(shou)(shou)命長(chang)、成本較低和儲(chu)能時(shi)間長(chang)。它的規(gui)模(mo)可以達(da)(da)到百(bai)兆瓦級以上(shang)，儲(chu)能時(shi)間可達(da)(da)4—10小時(shi)，甚至更(geng)長(chang)。由于都是機械裝置，正常(chang)維(wei)護情況下(xia)壽(shou)(shou)命可達(da)(da)30—50年。

2、壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)儲能(neng)劣勢在于：

（1）目(mu)前(qian)壓(ya)縮空氣儲能的(de)效率約為70%，與效率較高(gao)的(de)電池(chi)（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對(dui)較低。

（2）響應(ying)速(su)度(du)沒有(you)電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)能快，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正常響應(ying)時間需要3—9分鐘(zhong)，而電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)能為秒級(ji)到(dao)毫秒級(ji)。壓縮空氣(qi)儲(chu)能系(xi)統只有(you)作為旋轉備(bei)用時才可以達到(dao)秒級(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適合太小規模的應用(yong)場景，規模太小，系(xi)統效(xiao)率會(hui)下降，單(dan)位(wei)成本(ben)會(hui)增加。