一、什么是傳動軸

傳動軸是一個高轉速、少支承的旋轉體，是汽車中傳遞動力的汽車配件，它的作用是與變速箱、驅動橋(qiao)一起將發(fa)動機的動力(li)傳遞給車輪，使(shi)汽(qi)車產生驅動力(li)。

二、傳動軸由哪幾部分構成

傳動軸一般由(you)軸管、伸縮套和萬向節(jie)三(san)部(bu)分組成：

1、軸管

又稱軸(zhou)套，是為了減少軸(zhou)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)時的摩擦(ca)與(yu)磨損而設計出(chu)來的，基本用途(tu)與(yu)軸(zhou)承無(wu)異，而且相對成(cheng)本較便宜(yi)，但摩擦(ca)阻力(li)較大(da)，所以只會使用于部(bu)份部(bu)件上(shang)。軸(zhou)套多(duo)被放(fang)置(zhi)于軸(zhou)與(yu)承托結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)中，而且非常緊貼承托結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，只有軸(zhou)能在軸(zhou)套上(shang)轉動(dong)(dong)。

2、伸縮套

伸縮套(tao)能自動(dong)調節變速器與(yu)(yu)驅動(dong)橋之間距離(li)的(de)變化。傳(chuan)統結構的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)伸縮套(tao)是將花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)套(tao)與(yu)(yu)凸(tu)緣(yuan)叉焊(han)接在一(yi)(yi)起，將花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)軸(zhou)焊(han)在傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)管上。新型的(de)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)一(yi)(yi)改傳(chuan)統結構，將花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)套(tao)與(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)管焊(han)接成一(yi)(yi)體，將花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)軸(zhou)與(yu)(yu)凸(tu)緣(yuan)叉制成一(yi)(yi)體。并(bing)將矩形齒(chi)花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)改成大(da)壓力角漸開線短齒(chi)花(hua)(hua)鍵(jian)(jian)，這樣既增加了強度又便于(yu)擠壓成形，適(shi)應大(da)轉矩工況的(de)需要。

3、萬向節

萬向(xiang)節(jie)主要是(shi)保證變(bian)速器輸出軸(zhou)與(yu)驅動橋輸入(ru)軸(zhou)兩軸(zhou)線夾角的(de)變(bian)化，并實現兩軸(zhou)的(de)等角速傳動，由十字(zi)軸(zhou)、十字(zi)軸(zhou)承和凸緣叉等組成。

在前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)后輪驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)車輛(liang)上，萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在變(bian)速(su)器輸出軸(zhou)與驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋主減速(su)器輸入軸(zhou)之間(jian)；而前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)前(qian)(qian)輪驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)車輛(liang)省略了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)，萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在既負責(ze)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)又(you)負責(ze)轉向(xiang)的(de)前(qian)(qian)橋半軸(zhou)與車輪之間(jian)。車輛(liang)在運行中(zhong)路面(mian)不(bu)平產生(sheng)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)，負荷(he)變(bian)化或者兩個總成安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位置(zhi)差異，都會使(shi)得(de)變(bian)速(su)器輸出軸(zhou)與驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橋主減速(su)器輸入軸(zhou)之間(jian)的(de)夾角和距離(li)發生(sheng)變(bian)化，因此要用一個“以(yi)變(bian)應變(bian)”的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)來解決這一個問題，因此就有了萬(wan)向(xiang)節(jie)。

三、傳動軸的工作原理是什么

傳動軸的主要作用是將發動機的動力傳遞給車輪，它穩定可靠的傳動效果對車輛性能和安全都有著至關重要的影響，那么傳動軸是什么原理呢？

汽車(che)(che)行駛時，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出軸(zhou)會通(tong)過傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置（如(ru)齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)）將(jiang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(di)給(gei)(gei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)一段(duan)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)通(tong)過連(lian)接發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出軸(zhou)和(he)車(che)(che)輪(lun)，將(jiang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(di)過來的(de)(de)(de)扭矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(di)給(gei)(gei)車(che)(che)輪(lun)，從而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輛前進；傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)連(lian)接車(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)和(he)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出軸(zhou)，能夠(gou)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(di)旋轉角度。當車(che)(che)輛轉彎時，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)能夠(gou)承受不同輪(lun)胎的(de)(de)(de)旋轉角度，并(bing)將(jiang)扭矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(di)到(dao)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)，使車(che)(che)輛能夠(gou)順利轉彎。