種植谷子需要注意什么? 種子谷子四步驟介紹
一、品種選擇 可(ke)選用赤谷(gu)(gu)6號、晉谷(gu)(gu)22號、龍谷(gu)(gu)29號、鐵谷(gu)(gu)7號、公谷(gu)(gu)63號等品種(zhong)。谷(gu)(gu)子播種(zhong)前要進行種(zhong)子處理，種(zhong)子處理有曬(shai)種(zhong)、浸種(zhong)、藥(yao)劑拌種(zhong)和(he)種(zhong)子包衣等方(fang)式。其中藥(yao)劑拌種(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)防治(zhi)黑穗病(bing)和(he)地(di)下害蟲。

二、播種 春(chun)谷在(zai)6月中旬以前播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)為(wei)宜。其播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方式有耬播(bo)(bo)(bo)、溝播(bo)(bo)(bo)，耬播(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)谷子的主要播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方式。春(chun)谷播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)每畝為(wei)0.5公斤左右，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深度為(wei)3～5厘米。旱地每畝留苗2萬(wan)～3.5萬(wan)株，水(shui)澆地留苗3萬(wan)～6萬(wan)株。

三、田間管理 （一(yi)）保(bao)全苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。谷(gu)子子粒較小，加之北方干(gan)旱等原因，容易造成(cheng)谷(gu)田(tian)(tian)缺苗(miao)(miao)(miao)斷壟。因此(ci)，應(ying)加強田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管理。出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)有(you)2～3片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)要查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補種(zhong)，5～6片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。（二）蹲(dun)(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)促壯。在水(shui)(shui)肥條件好(hao)、幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生長(chang)旺的(de)田(tian)(tian)塊，應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)蹲(dun)(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。在植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)2～3片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮壓，控(kong)制肥水(shui)(shui)等。（三(san)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)除草。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)大多(duo)在幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)、拔(ba)(ba)節期(qi)和孕(yun)穗期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，通(tong)常中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)2～3次(ci)。第(di)一(yi)次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)應(ying)結合間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。第(di)二次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)在拔(ba)(ba)節期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，有(you)灌溉(gai)條件的(de)地方應(ying)結合追肥、澆水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)要深(shen)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)培土。第(di)三(san)次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)在封(feng)行(xing)(xing)前進(jin)行(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)深(shen)度以4～5厘米為宜。

四、收獲 谷(gu)子適宜收(shou)獲期在(zai)臘熟(shu)末期或完熟(shu)期。若(ruo)(ruo)收(shou)獲過早，則子粒(li)不飽滿，谷(gu)粒(li)水分(fen)含量高，其產量和品質下(xia)降。若(ruo)(ruo)收(shou)獲過遲，則谷(gu)粒(li)中的纖維素分(fen)解，莖稈干枯，落粒(li)嚴重(zhong)。若(ruo)(ruo)遇雨，則生(sheng)芽，其品質下(xia)降。