1、發動機效率:電動機(ji)的(de)效率比汽油機高
電動機的電能來源同樣是化石燃料,一款汽車是否節能,其實是在談論它的發動機效率,將燃料/能(neng)量來源轉(zhuan)換成機械能(neng)的效(xiao)率。汽、柴油機理論最高效率(lv)50%,實(shi)際只有(you)30-40%,電動機理論最高(gao)效率88%,實際使用效率(lv)超過60%。
2、行駛效率:在城(cheng)市道路行(xing)駛中,電動汽車效率更(geng)有優勢
電(dian)動汽車是速度越(yue)低越(yue)省(sheng)電(dian),基(ji)本符(fu)合能耗趨勢,大部分汽(qi)、柴油車的經濟時速在60-100公里之間(jian)。
3、能量轉換:電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池得(de)到的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能經(jing)多次(ci)轉換,更不節能?
汽、柴油(you)車和(he)電動汽車,所用的(de)能源形態,都是從(cong)油(you)井經(jing)歷復雜的(de)轉換(huan)和(he)傳(chuan)輸過程,不能簡單(dan)判斷(duan)哪(na)個更(geng)環保。
4、性能油耗:高性能和普通性能電動汽車油耗沒有顯著差異
為了維持超大排量發動機的氣缸運轉,高性能跑車即使在低負荷運行條件下也肯定比小排量汽車損耗的燃油多許多。電(dian)動(dong)機具有“需要多少(shao)電(dian)力就輸出多少(shao)功率”的特點,無論是高(gao)性能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)汽車還是家用電(dian)動(dong)汽車,它們在低負(fu)荷(he)運(yun)行下耗電(dian)量不會(hui)有明顯(xian)差異(yi)。
總結:純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)目(mu)(mu)前還有續航里程(cheng)偏短、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長等(deng)弊端,目(mu)(mu)前大部(bu)分國(guo)家充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施都不完善,一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)耗盡會(hui)很尷尬(ga)。而插電(dian)(dian)(dian)式混合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)車(che)在短距離行駛,如上下(xia)班(ban)時,其100公里左右(you)的(de)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式續航里程(cheng)已經足夠。而在長途旅行等(deng)必要情況下(xia),還可以繼續使用汽油。因此(ci)插電(dian)(dian)(dian)式混動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)完善前是(shi)一種良好的(de)過渡車(che)型(xing)。另外電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)雖然(ran)節能(neng),但要做(zuo)到(dao)更(geng)環(huan)(huan)保(bao),需要更(geng)高效低污(wu)染的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池技術。目(mu)(mu)前蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)量更(geng)高、對環(huan)(huan)境影響(xiang)更(geng)小的(de)鋰空(kong)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和鎂(mei)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池都在研發中,未來如果(guo)有所突破,無疑能(neng)讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)更(geng)加環(huan)(huan)保(bao)。