一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)能主(zhu)要利(li)用電網負荷低谷時的剩余電力壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)，并將其儲(chu)藏在高(gao)(gao)壓密封設施內，在用電高(gao)(gao)峰釋(shi)放(fang)出來驅動(dong)燃氣(qi)(qi)輪機發電，壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)能原理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)負荷低(di)谷時(shi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入(ru)作為儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室的(de)密閉(bi)大(da)容(rong)量地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可(ke)儲存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化成可(ke)儲存的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并儲存于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中。當系統(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)(zu)時(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器(qi)與油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合(he)(he)燃燒(shao)(shao)，導(dao)入(ru)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)調峰(feng)需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室等組成的(de)蓄能(neng)子系統(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷的(de)低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲存在巖穴、廢棄礦井等貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中，蓄能(neng)時(shi)通過聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)(jie)耦(ou)合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)高峰(feng)負荷時(shi)，利用壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)(shao)驅動燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃燒(shao)(shao)室以及加熱器(qi)等發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合(he)(he)，與壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)(jie)耦(ou)合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣(qi)儲能(neng)主(zhu)要優勢是規模大(da)、壽(shou)命長、成本較低和儲能(neng)時間長。它的規模可以(yi)達到百(bai)兆瓦級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)，儲能(neng)時間可達4—10小時，甚至(zhi)更長。由于(yu)都是機械裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，正常維護(hu)情(qing)況下(xia)壽(shou)命可達30—50年。

2、壓縮空(kong)氣儲能劣勢在(zai)于(yu)：

（1）目前壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能的效率約為70%，與(yu)效率較高的電(dian)池（85%—90%）相比相對較低(di)。

（2）響應速度沒有(you)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲能快，負荷從0到100%的正常響應時間需要3—9分鐘，而電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲能為秒級到毫秒級。壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣儲能系統(tong)只有(you)作為旋轉(zhuan)備(bei)用時才可以(yi)達(da)到秒級。

（3）一般情(qing)況下不適合太小規模的(de)應用場(chang)景，規模太小，系(xi)統效率會(hui)(hui)下降(jiang)，單位成本會(hui)(hui)增加。