一、空氣分離設備是做什么的
空分設備,全稱是空氣分離設備,是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料,利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體,然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離,在原料的空氣中,除了灰塵之外,還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物,現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統,以改善空氣的清潔,避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集,從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多, 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置,也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛,如果您需要采購空分設備,可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。
二、空分設備原理
空分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)設備(bei)是(shi)一個大型的(de)復雜系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),主要由動力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、凈化系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、制冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、熱交換系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)餾系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、產品輸送系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)體貯存系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等組(zu)成(cheng),其(qi)工作原理是(shi):利用低溫蒸(zheng)餾將空氣(qi)冷(leng)凝(ning)成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)體,根據(ju)各組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)溫度(du)的(de)不同(tong)將空氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離:純(chun)(chun)氮(dan)和(he)(he)純(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)在上(shang)塔(ta)的(de)頂部(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)底部(bu)(bu)得到。液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)也可以從主冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)蒸(zheng)發(fa)和(he)(he)冷(leng)凝(ning)側除去(qu)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)餾塔(ta)內的(de)空氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)個階(jie)段(duan)。空氣(qi)在下柱中多次分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離,獲得液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)和(he)(he)富氧(yang)(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空氣(qi)。將富氧(yang)(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空氣(qi)送入(ru)精(jing)(jing)(jing)餾塔(ta),得到純(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)純(chun)(chun)氮(dan)。塔(ta)身上(shang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)段(duan):以液(ye)(ye)體和(he)(he)空氣(qi)入(ru)口為(wei)(wei)(wei)邊界,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)餾段(duan),蒸(zheng)餾上(shang)升氣(qi)體,回(hui)收氧(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),凈化氮(dan)氣(qi)純(chun)(chun)度(du),下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)餾段(duan),將氮(dan)氣(qi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)在液(ye)(ye)體中分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離,提高液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)純(chun)(chun)度(du)。
三、空分設備的工藝流程
空分(fen)設(she)備是進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行空氣分(fen)離(li)的設(she)備,其(qi)分(fen)離(li)空氣的工藝流程是:大氣首先經(jing)(jing)過壓(ya)縮(suo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行初步(bu)壓(ya)縮(suo),接(jie)著進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)預(yu)冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)初步(bu)冷(leng)卻(que)(que),然后再(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)純(chun)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)除去一部(bu)分(fen)水分(fen)、二氧化(hua)碳等(deng)雜質,再(zai)經(jing)(jing)換熱系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)冷(leng)卻(que)(que),隨后進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)到分(fen)餾系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(主(zhu)要包含(han)膨脹機、冷(leng)箱等(deng),而(er)冷(leng)箱又含(han)主(zhu)塔(ta)、主(zhu)冷(leng)、液體(ti)泵等(deng)設(she)備,精(jing)餾過程即在該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)完(wan)成),最(zui)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)產品氣化(hua)、壓(ya)縮(suo)、儲存等(deng)后備系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。
四、空分設備安裝規范
1、凡圖紙中(zhong)注(zhu)明(ming)氮封(feng)保(bao)護(hu)出(chu)廠的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)(qian)必須(xu)認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)檢查氮封(feng)壓力(li),如有(you)異常現(xian)象,應(ying)(ying)認(ren)真做好(hao)記錄(lu),并反映(ying)給有(you)關(guan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),切勿急于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證(zheng)期內(nei),具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)合格證(zheng)且(qie)(qie)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完整的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)(qian),可不(bu)(bu)單(dan)獨進行(xing)壓力(li)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan),否則(ze),應(ying)(ying)按圖紙要(yao)求進行(xing)強度試驗(yan)(yan)或(huo)氣(qi)密(mi)性試驗(yan)(yan),介(jie)質為干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)無油的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)或(huo)氮氣(qi)。2、所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、閥門(men)(men)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其附件,在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)(qian)必須(xu)是清潔(jie)干(gan)燥(zao)和(he)不(bu)(bu)沾(zhan)油污的(de)(de)(de),鋁制(zhi)件的(de)(de)(de)脫脂嚴禁使用(yong)CCL4,推薦用(yong)全氯(lv)乙烯(xi)或(huo)三氯(lv)乙烯(xi),凡與氧或(huo)富氧介(jie)質接(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)非鋁制(zhi)作(zuo)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、閥門(men)(men)、管道(dao)(dao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)忌油機械均用(yong)CCL4脫脂,脫脂結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)最終簽定(ding)(ding)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)標準,按照有(you)關(guan)技術(shu)(shu)文(wen)件的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。3、吊(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋁制(zhi)設(she)備(bei)(bei),應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)保(bao)護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(如索(suo)具(ju)(ju)外(wai)套(tao)橡皮管,索(suo)具(ju)(ju)間用(yong)支撐撐開),以防止損壞設(she)備(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),應(ying)(ying)采取包扎等臨時(shi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),以防止雨水、灰塵、焊(han)渣(zha)、機械雜(za)質等落入設(she)備(bei)(bei)內(nei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)油脂污染。4、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)注(zhu)意塔的(de)(de)(de)標高(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位。5、冷(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)伐門(men)(men)、管道(dao)(dao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)支架,冷(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面以及(ji)(ji)(ji)基礎表(biao)(biao)面待安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結束后,均不(bu)(bu)得沾(zhan)有(you)油脂,否則(ze)應(ying)(ying)進行(xing)去油處理。6、空、水冷(leng)塔在(zai)(zai)吊(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)(qian)必須(xu)把平臺、梯(ti)子組(zu)對焊(han)接(jie)好(hao),減(jian)少高(gao)空作(zuo)業(ye),做好(hao)吊(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)準備(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)注(zhu)意標高(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位,必要(yao)時(shi)要(yao)采取防風措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),其安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂直度不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)大于(yu)1/1000,且(qie)(qie)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)(guo)30毫米(mi)。7、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)遇到的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)、材(cai)料、設(she)備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造等問題時(shi),施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)得擅(shan)自決定(ding)(ding)處理,必須(xu)向施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負責人(ren)(ren)反映(ying),會同有(you)關(guan)單(dan)位人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)商定(ding)(ding)解決并留有(you)書面的(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)。8、吊(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)繩索(suo)、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)使用(yong)前(qian)(qian)都(dou)應(ying)(ying)仔細檢查、確認(ren)無誤后方(fang)(fang)可投入使用(yong),設(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)平穩、墊實(shi)。9、在(zai)(zai)空分設(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),除(chu)堅定(ding)(ding)執行(xing)一(yi)般(ban)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需遵守的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術(shu)(shu)規程(cheng)和(he)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)外(wai),考慮到空分設(she)備(bei)(bei)體積大、高(gao)度高(gao),怕碰、禁油等特點,高(gao)空多(duo)層(ceng)作(zuo)業(ye)多(duo),制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)相應(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),以確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全。