一、儲能變流器是什么
儲能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)器(Power Conversion System)英文簡稱PCS,又稱儲能(neng)逆變器,可(ke)控(kong)制蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程,進行(xing)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的變換(huan),在無電(dian)(dian)(dian)網情況下可(ke)以直(zhi)接(jie)為交流(liu)(liu)負荷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)PCS由DC/AC雙(shuang)向變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)、控制單元等構(gou)成。PCS控制器(qi)通(tong)(tong)過通(tong)(tong)訊接(jie)收后臺控制指令(ling),根據功率(lv)(lv)指令(ling)的符號及大小控制變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網有(you)功功率(lv)(lv)及無功功率(lv)(lv)的調(diao)節。PCS控制器(qi)通(tong)(tong)過CAN接(jie)口與BMS通(tong)(tong)訊,獲取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組狀態信息(xi),可實(shi)現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的保(bao)(bao)護性充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),確(que)保(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池運行(xing)安全。
二、光伏逆變器是什么
光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)英(ying)文(wen)名(ming)為PV inverter,是(shi)指(zhi)可(ke)將光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)太(tai)陽能板(ban)產生的可(ke)變(bian)(bian)直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)換為市電(dian)(dian)頻率交流電(dian)(dian)的逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi),通常被輸電(dian)(dian)系統、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)站應用,是(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣列系統中重要(yao)的系統平(ping)衡(BOS)之一。
光(guang)伏逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)的(de)缺點是(shi)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)白天(tian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian),發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率易受(shou)到(dao)天(tian)氣(qi)影響等(deng),針對這些(xie)問題,儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)成功問世(shi)。當(dang)(dang)負荷低(di)谷時(shi)(shi),儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)將輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存儲(chu)(chu)。當(dang)(dang)負荷高峰時(shi)(shi),儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)將釋(shi)放存儲(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),以減(jian)少對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)壓力(li)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網陷入故障時(shi)(shi),儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)逆(ni)(ni)變器(qi)可切(qie)換成離(li)網模式繼續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別
1、自用率
儲(chu)能逆變器的自(zi)用率最高(gao)可到80%。光伏逆變器的自(zi)用率通常在20%左右。
2、市電故障
當市電故障時(shi),光伏逆變器將陷入癱(tan)瘓(huan)狀態(tai),儲能逆變器可轉(zhuan)換離網(wang)模式高效(xiao)供電。
3、收益
在并網(wang)發電補貼下(xia)(xia)調的背景下(xia)(xia),儲能逆(ni)變器收(shou)益(yi)將比(bi)光伏(fu)逆(ni)變器更高。
4、天氣因素
光伏逆(ni)變(bian)器有(you)多種限制,如只能(neng)白(bai)天發(fa)電、發(fa)電功率(lv)受天氣(qi)影響、具有(you)不可預見(jian)性(xing)等。儲能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器沒有(you)以上問題。
四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由于儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)夠將交流(liu)電(dian)轉換(huan)為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)儲(chu)存在蓄電(dian)池內,并在斷(duan)電(dian)后將蓄電(dian)池內的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)轉換(huan)為(wei)交流(liu)電(dian)供用(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong),這就在很大程度(du)上降(jiang)低了天氣(qi)狀況(kuang)對發電(dian)穩定(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)影響,能(neng)夠大大提升電(dian)網的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)和品質。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與(yu)并(bing)網(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)逆變器(qi)相比,儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)用電效率更高(gao),不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)夠突破天氣(qi)狀況、時間等(deng)局限性(xing),解決并(bing)網(wang)光伏(fu)(fu)逆變器(qi)存在的(de)問(wen)題,還能(neng)為用戶提供(gong)更加穩定、持(chi)久的(de)電能(neng),避免用電系(xi)統(tong)故障(zhang)帶來(lai)的(de)不(bu)(bu)便和麻煩,這也是更多(duo)用戶選擇這種逆變器(qi)的(de)重要原(yuan)因(yin)所在。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電網系統故障的情況下,儲能變流器能(neng)(neng)夠將儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直接(jie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統使用,受外界因(yin)素的(de)影響較小,能(neng)(neng)夠大大降低用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本,具有較高的(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)。當處于用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)期(qi)時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器會將太陽能(neng)(neng)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)廣大用戶使用,而處于用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低谷(gu)期(qi)時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器又會將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存(cun)起(qi)來,能(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)雙(shuang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan),而且(qie)能(neng)(neng)夠為斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提供(gong)強(qiang)有力的(de)保障。
除(chu)了(le)以上作(zuo)用外,儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器還具有能(neng)夠為(wei)電(dian)網提(ti)(ti)供更加(jia)(jia)穩定(ding)、諧波含量(liang)較(jiao)少的純凈電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),這不僅符合(he)當今(jin)社會節能(neng)減排的趨勢和(he)要求,更加(jia)(jia)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了(le)電(dian)網的穩定(ding)性(xing)和(he)品質。總而言之,儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器能(neng)夠突破傳統光伏逆變器的局限性(xing),為(wei)電(dian)網系統提(ti)(ti)供高品質的電(dian)能(neng)的同時,還能(neng)降低用電(dian)成本,提(ti)(ti)高用電(dian)效率,這些優勢和(he)作(zuo)用也(ye)是儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)(liu)(liu)器能(neng)夠在市場上占據(ju)一定(ding)優勢的前(qian)提(ti)(ti)和(he)保(bao)障。