一、儲能變流器是什么

儲能(neng)變流器（Power Conversion System）英文簡稱PCS，又(you)稱儲能(neng)逆變器，可控制蓄電池(chi)的充(chong)電和(he)放電過程，進行交直(zhi)流的變換(huan)，在(zai)無電網情(qing)況(kuang)下可以直(zhi)接為(wei)交流負(fu)荷供電。

儲能變(bian)(bian)流器PCS由DC/AC雙向變(bian)(bian)流器、控(kong)(kong)制單元等構成。PCS控(kong)(kong)制器通過(guo)通訊接收(shou)后(hou)臺(tai)控(kong)(kong)制指令，根據功(gong)率(lv)(lv)指令的符號及大小控(kong)(kong)制變(bian)(bian)流器對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)或放電(dian)，實(shi)現對電(dian)網有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)及無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的調節。PCS控(kong)(kong)制器通過(guo)CAN接口(kou)與BMS通訊，獲取電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)狀態信(xin)息，可實(shi)現對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的保護性充放電(dian)，確保電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)運行安全。

二、光伏逆變器是什么

光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器英文名(ming)為PV inverter，是指可(ke)將光(guang)伏太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)板產生的(de)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓轉換(huan)為市(shi)電(dian)頻率交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)的(de)逆變(bian)(bian)器，通常被(bei)輸電(dian)系統、電(dian)網、電(dian)站應用，是光(guang)伏陣列系統中重要的(de)系統平(ping)衡（BOS）之一。

光(guang)伏逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)的缺點是只能(neng)在白(bai)天發(fa)電(dian)，發(fa)電(dian)功率易受到天氣影(ying)響等，針(zhen)對(dui)這些問(wen)題，儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)成功問(wen)世。當(dang)負荷低谷時，儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)將輸出電(dian)能(neng)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)存(cun)儲(chu)。當(dang)負荷高峰(feng)時，儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)將釋(shi)放存(cun)儲(chu)的電(dian)能(neng)，以減少對(dui)電(dian)網的壓力。當(dang)電(dian)網陷入故障時，儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)可切(qie)換(huan)成離網模式(shi)繼續供電(dian)。

三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別

1、自用率

儲能逆變器(qi)的(de)自(zi)用率(lv)最(zui)高可(ke)到80%。光伏逆變器(qi)的(de)自(zi)用率(lv)通(tong)常(chang)在20%左右。

2、市電故障

當市電故障時，光伏(fu)逆(ni)變器(qi)將陷(xian)入癱瘓狀態，儲(chu)能逆(ni)變器(qi)可轉換(huan)離網模(mo)式(shi)高(gao)效供電。

3、收益

在并(bing)網發電補(bu)貼(tie)下(xia)調的背景(jing)下(xia)，儲(chu)能逆變器收益將比光伏逆變器更高(gao)。

4、天氣因素

光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器有(you)(you)多種限(xian)制，如(ru)只(zhi)能白天發(fa)電(dian)、發(fa)電(dian)功率(lv)受天氣影(ying)響(xiang)、具有(you)(you)不可預見性等。儲(chu)能逆變(bian)(bian)器沒有(you)(you)以上問題。

四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢

1、突破天氣變化的局限性

由于儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)變流器能(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)交流電(dian)轉換為(wei)直流電(dian)儲(chu)存在蓄(xu)電(dian)池內(nei)，并在斷(duan)電(dian)后將(jiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池內(nei)的(de)(de)直流電(dian)轉換為(wei)交流電(dian)供用(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)，這就在很大(da)程度上降低了天氣狀(zhuang)況(kuang)對發電(dian)穩(wen)定(ding)性的(de)(de)影(ying)響，能(neng)(neng)夠大(da)大(da)提(ti)升電(dian)網的(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性和品質。

2、擁有更高的用電效率

與(yu)并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆變(bian)器相(xiang)比，儲能變(bian)流器用(yong)電(dian)效率(lv)更(geng)高，不僅能夠突破天氣(qi)狀況、時間等局(ju)限性，解決并網(wang)光(guang)伏逆變(bian)器存在的問題，還(huan)能為用(yong)戶提供更(geng)加(jia)穩定、持久的電(dian)能，避免用(yong)電(dian)系統故障帶來的不便和麻煩，這也是更(geng)多用(yong)戶選擇這種(zhong)逆變(bian)器的重(zhong)要原(yuan)因所(suo)在。

3、擁有較高的穩定性

在電網系統故障的情況下，儲能變流器能(neng)夠將(jiang)儲(chu)存的直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統使(shi)用(yong)，受外界因(yin)素的影響(xiang)較小，能(neng)夠大大降低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，具有較高的穩定性(xing)。當處于(yu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰期時(shi)，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)會將(jiang)太陽能(neng)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)廣大用(yong)戶使(shi)用(yong)，而處于(yu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低谷(gu)期時(shi)，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)又會將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)存起來，能(neng)夠實現直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的雙向轉(zhuan)換(huan)，而且能(neng)夠為(wei)(wei)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提供(gong)強有力(li)的保(bao)障(zhang)。

除了(le)以上作用外，儲能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)還(huan)具有(you)能(neng)(neng)夠為電(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)更加(jia)穩定(ding)(ding)、諧波含量較少的純凈電(dian)流(liu)，這不僅符合(he)當(dang)今(jin)社會節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減排的趨勢(shi)和要求，更加(jia)提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)電(dian)網(wang)的穩定(ding)(ding)性和品質(zhi)。總(zong)而言之，儲能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠突(tu)破(po)傳統光伏逆(ni)變器(qi)的局限(xian)性，為電(dian)網(wang)系統提(ti)供(gong)高品質(zhi)的電(dian)能(neng)(neng)的同時(shi)，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)降低用電(dian)成本(ben)，提(ti)高用電(dian)效率，這些優(you)勢(shi)和作用也是儲能(neng)(neng)變流(liu)器(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠在市場上占據一定(ding)(ding)優(you)勢(shi)的前提(ti)和保障。