一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)業害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji),它有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)人體有害(hai)的(de)(de)(de),農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)人體的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)主要(yao)表(biao)現為三種(zhong)形式:急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中毒、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)和“三致(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害(hai):1、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中毒:農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)經口、吸呼道或(huo)接觸而大量進入人體內(nei),在(zai)短時間內(nei)表(biao)現出的(de)(de)(de)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病理反應為急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中毒。急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中毒往往導致(zhi)(zhi)神經麻痹乃至(zhi)死亡,甚(shen)至(zhi)造成大面積死亡,成為最明顯的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)。2、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai):長期接觸或(huo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)含有農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)品,可(ke)使(shi)(shi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)體內(nei)不斷蓄(xu)積,對(dui)人體健(jian)康構成潛(qian)在(zai)威(wei)脅(xie),即慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中毒,可(ke)影(ying)響神經系(xi)統,破壞肝臟功能,造成生(sheng)理障礙,影(ying)響生(sheng)殖系(xi)統,產生(sheng)畸形怪胎,導致(zhi)(zhi)癌癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變:國(guo)際癌癥研究(jiu)機(ji)構根據(ju)動(dong)物實(shi)驗確(que)證,18種(zhong)廣泛使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)具有明顯的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),還有16種(zhong)顯示(shi)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌危(wei)(wei)險性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。目前我國(guo)盡管頒布(bu)了5批農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)安全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)標準(zhun),也規定(ding)10類農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)禁止在(zai)農(nong)業上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),但(dan)有的(de)(de)(de)地方仍(reng)在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。其(qi)中二溴氯丙烷(wan)可(ke)引發男性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不育(yu),對(dui)動(dong)物有致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。三環(huan)錫、特普(pu)丹對(dui)動(dong)物有致(zhi)(zhi)畸作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。二溴乙烷(wan)可(ke)使(shi)(shi)人、畜致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變。殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)人有潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌威(wei)脅(xie),對(dui)動(dong)物有致(zhi)(zhi)癌作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)藥的一種(zhong),農(nong)藥是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)特殊的產(chan)(chan)品(pin),其保質期是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)正常劑(ji)(ji)量下植物(wu)病蟲(chong)害和雜草(cao)的預(yu)期防治效果而確定的,并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)它不能在到期日期之(zhi)后使用(yong)(yong),很多過期的殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)只要(yao)劑(ji)(ji)型的癥狀沒有改變,例如粉(fen)末不結(jie)塊,懸(xuan)浮液不分層(ceng),乳油不混濁,顆粒不變形(xing),只要(yao)適當擴(kuo)大(da)點(dian)液體就不會產(chan)(chan)生絮凝等,并(bing)嚴(yan)格按照科學方法使用(yong)(yong),仍然具有良好(hao)的殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)和疾(ji)病預(yu)防作用(yong)(yong)。不過如果是(shi)(shi)大(da)批量使用(yong)(yong)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)的話,還是(shi)(shi)建議(yi)用(yong)(yong)保質期內的產(chan)(chan)品(pin),以免藥效不夠影響殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領(ling)域使(shi)用(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)和(he)(he)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)是比較多的,它們可(ke)以(yi)混用(yong),可(ke)擴大(da)防治的范圍,有增效、省(sheng)工(gong)省(sheng)時(shi)、降低用(yong)藥的成本(ben)等優點。若是同(tong)一種作(zuo)物發生一種以(yi)上(shang)的病害,便可(ke)同(tong)時(shi)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)(he)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)。例如黃瓜(gua)上(shang)同(tong)時(shi)發生霜霉病,灰(hui)霉病或者是蚜(ya)蟲(chong),就可(ke)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)(he)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji),一次(ci)將(jiang)病害、蟲(chong)害都消(xiao)滅掉。