一、農用殺蟲劑分類怎么分

農用殺蟲劑的種類眾多，不同的殺蟲劑對于害蟲的作用可能會有一定的區別。農用殺蟲劑有多種分類方法：

1、按作用形式分

（1）觸(chu)殺型：一些(xie)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑通過藥液接觸(chu)到害蟲(chong)(chong)的身(shen)體表(biao)面后(hou)，進入身(shen)體里面進行殺蟲(chong)(chong)，使害蟲(chong)(chong)中毒(du)死亡(wang)，比如(ru)辛硫磷、馬拉硫磷、毒(du)死蜱、溴(xiu)氰菊酯(zhi)(zhi)、氰戊菊酯(zhi)(zhi)等。

（2）內吸(xi)型：可以不直(zhi)接接觸(chu)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)身(shen)體(ti)也可以殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，當藥液噴施到植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)上以后(hou)，被植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)所吸(xi)收一(yi)部分(fen)，在(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)體(ti)內擴散(san)，而(er)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)吃食(shi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)以后(hou)，出現中毒癥狀而(er)死(si)亡，但是對人體(ti)無影響，比如吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)單、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙、烯啶蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)胺(an)、啶蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒等等。

（3）胃毒型：主要用來防治咀嚼式咬食、啃食的害蟲(chong)(chong)，比如鱗翅目(mu)類的害蟲(chong)(chong)、鞘翅目(mu)類的害蟲(chong)(chong)，可(ke)用藥劑有敵百蟲(chong)(chong)，滅幼脲、蘇(su)云金桿菌等。

（4）熏(xun)蒸型：通(tong)過熏(xun)蒸以后，以氣(qi)體狀態讓害蟲(chong)所呼吸，通(tong)過害蟲(chong)的(de)呼吸系(xi)統進入蟲(chong)體內(nei)，使其中(zhong)毒死亡，以此來達到防治害蟲(chong)的(de)效果(guo)，比如磷化(hua)鋁、硫酰氟、1-甲基環(huan)丙烯(xi)、溴甲烷等(deng)，另外使用(yong)熏(xun)蒸劑(ji)時，必須注意防護，嚴防中(zhong)毒。

2、按毒理作用分

（1）神經(jing)毒(du)劑：作用于害蟲的神經(jing)系統，如滴滴涕(ti)、對硫磷、呋喃丹、除蟲菊酯等。

（2）呼吸毒(du)劑：抑(yi)制害蟲的呼吸酶，如氰氫(qing)酸等(deng)。

（3）物理性(xing)毒劑：如礦物油(you)劑可堵塞(sai)害(hai)(hai)蟲氣門，惰性(xing)粉可磨破害(hai)(hai)蟲表皮(pi)，使害(hai)(hai)蟲致死。

（4）特異性(xing)殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)：引起(qi)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)生理上的(de)反常反應，如使害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)離(li)作(zuo)物遠(yuan)去的(de)驅避劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，以性(xing)誘(you)或餌誘(you)誘(you)集害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)誘(you)致劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，使害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)味覺受抑制不再取食(shi)以致饑餓而死的(de)拒食(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，作(zuo)用于(yu)成蟲(chong)(chong)生殖機能使雌雄之一(yi)不育或兩性(xing)皆(jie)不育的(de)不育劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，影(ying)響害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)生長、變態、生殖的(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)生長調節劑(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

3、按來源分

（1）無機和礦物殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)：如(ru)砷酸鉛、砷酸鈣、氟硅(gui)酸鈉(na)和礦油乳劑(ji)(ji)等(deng)，這類(lei)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)一般藥效較(jiao)低，對作物易引(yin)起(qi)藥害，而砷劑(ji)(ji)對人(ren)毒性大，因(yin)此自有(you)機合成殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)大量使用以(yi)后(hou)大部(bu)分(fen)已被(bei)淘汰。

（2）植(zhi)物(wu)性殺蟲(chong)劑：全世界約有1000多(duo)種植(zhi)物(wu)對昆蟲(chong)具有或多(duo)或少的毒力(li)。廣泛應(ying)用的有除(chu)蟲(chong)菊、魚藤和煙(yan)草等。此外(wai)有些(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)里還含有類似保幼激素、早熟素、蛻(tui)皮(pi)激素活性物(wu)質。如(ru)從喜(xi)樹(shu)的根(gen)皮(pi)、樹(shu)皮(pi)或果實中(zhong)分離的喜(xi)樹(shu)堿對馬尾松(song)毛蟲(chong)有很(hen)強的不育作用。

（3）有(you)機(ji)合成(cheng)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑：如有(you)機(ji)氯類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DDT、六六六、硫丹、毒殺(sha)(sha)芬等(deng)，DDT，六六六曾是(shi)產(chan)(chan)量大、應用廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)農藥品種(zhong)，但因(yin)易在生物體中蓄積，從(cong)20世(shi)紀70年代初(chu)開始(shi)在許多國(guo)家禁(jin)用或限用；有(you)機(ji)磷類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對硫磷、敵百蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、樂果等(deng)約400個(ge)品種(zhong)以上，產(chan)(chan)量居殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一位；氨基甲酸酯類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西維(wei)因(yin)、呋喃(nan)丹等(deng)；擬(ni)除蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)菊酯類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氰(qing)戊菊酯、溴氰(qing)菊酯等(deng)；有(you)機(ji)氮(dan)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒、殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙(shuang)等(deng)。

（4）昆蟲激素(su)類殺蟲劑：如多種保幼激素(su)、性外激素(su)類似物等。

4、按毒性分

可分(fen)為(wei)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、中毒(du)、低毒(du)四種。

總的來(lai)說，農藥(yao)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑的種類(lei)是有很多的，大家在(zai)實際使用過程中(zhong)，要(yao)根據田間種植的具(ju)體作(zuo)物以及具(ju)體的蟲(chong)害，來(lai)選擇具(ju)體的殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑。

二、常見的人工合成農藥殺蟲劑有幾種

現在使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)農用(yong)殺蟲劑大多是有機(ji)殺蟲劑，其中人工合成的(de)(de)農藥殺蟲劑使(shi)用(yong)廣(guang)泛，常用(yong)的(de)(de)有以下幾種(zhong)：

1、有機磷酸酯類殺蟲劑

簡稱有(you)機磷殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)，其(qi)(qi)主要殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機制是抑制昆(kun)蟲(chong)體內神(shen)經組(zu)織中(zhong)膽堿(jian)酯酶的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)，破(po)壞神(shen)經信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)正常傳導(dao)(dao)，引起一系(xi)列神(shen)經系(xi)統中(zhong)毒癥(zheng)狀，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)死亡(wang)。這類殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)品(pin)種(zhong)繁多(duo)(duo)，開(kai)發應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷史(shi)(shi)悠(you)久，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)廣泛。從對(dui)硫磷成為全(quan)世界用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量最大、最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)有(you)機磷殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)以(yi)來，已有(you)50年歷史(shi)(shi)，目(mu)前(qian)有(you)機磷仍然是最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)，已經商品(pin)化的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)達200多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)有(you)數十種(zhong)。多(duo)(duo)數有(you)機磷殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)兼有(you)觸殺(sha)(sha)、熏蒸等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方式。一般品(pin)種(zhong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)譜很廣，但(dan)有(you)些品(pin)種(zhong)也具有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇性(xing)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者應(ying)(ying)該視(shi)具體防治對(dui)象和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)場合選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方法。這類殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)中(zhong)有(you)不少品(pin)種(zhong)對(dui)哺乳動物急性(xing)毒性(xing)大，因此在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)注意其(qi)(qi)安全(quan)性(xing)。

2、擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑

這是模擬除(chu)(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)菊花中(zhong)(zhong)所含的(de)(de)天然除(chu)(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)菊素而合成(cheng)的(de)(de)一類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)，由于它們的(de)(de)化學分子結(jie)構與天然除(chu)(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)菊素相似，所以統稱為擬除(chu)(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)菊酯類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)。此類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)具有高效、殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)譜(pu)廣、對人(ren)畜和(he)環境(jing)較安全的(de)(de)特點(dian)。重要(yao)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)已達60多種(zhong)，仍在發展之中(zhong)(zhong)。其作用方式主要(yao)是觸殺(sha)(sha)和(he)胃毒作用，無內(nei)(nei)吸作用，有的(de)(de)品種(zhong)具有一定滲透作用。自20世紀80年(nian)代初(chu)在中(zhong)(zhong)國開始使用，短期(qi)內(nei)(nei)得到了廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)推廣應用。但這類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)容(rong)易(yi)使害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產生(sheng)抗藥性(xing)，目前(qian)，對華(hua)北(bei)地區的(de)(de)瓜(棉)蚜已幾乎喪失(shi)防治價(jia)值。

3、氨基甲酸酯類殺蟲劑

此類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子中都有(you)(you)氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子骨架，所(suo)以統稱為氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸酯類。這類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是在(zai)研究天(tian)然毒扁豆堿(jian)生物活性(xing)和(he)(he)化學結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上發展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從來(lai)源上劃分(fen)屬(shu)于植物源殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。自1956年第一(yi)個(ge)商品(pin)(pin)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)甲(jia)萘(nai)威(即西維因)問(wen)世后(hou)已(yi)有(you)(you)50年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，已(yi)經發展(zhan)成(cheng)為一(yi)類重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。目前商品(pin)(pin)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)已(yi)有(you)(you)50多個(ge)，但真正大噸位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)僅10多個(ge)。此類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中文通用名(ming)均用“威”作后(hou)綴，如滅多威、涕(ti)滅威、克百威等。此類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用機(ji)制類似于有(you)(you)機(ji)磷(lin)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，具有(you)(you)觸殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、胃毒和(he)(he)內吸(xi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作用，一(yi)般殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)范圍(wei)不(bu)(bu)如有(you)(you)機(ji)磷(lin)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)廣(guang)，不(bu)(bu)少氨基(ji)甲(jia)酸酯類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)具有(you)(you)高效、毒性(xing)較(jiao)低、選擇性(xing)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。

4、沙蠶毒素類殺蟲劑

沙(sha)蠶是(shi)一種(zhong)生活在(zai)(zai)海灘泥沙(sha)中的環節蠕蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，體內(nei)含有(you)一種(zhong)有(you)毒(du)物(wu)質叫沙(sha)蠶毒(du)素(su)，對害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)很強的毒(du)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)研究天(tian)然(ran)(ran)沙(sha)蠶毒(du)素(su)的殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)活性(xing)、有(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)、化學結構(gou)、殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)機(ji)制(zhi)等基礎上，人們仿生合成(cheng)了一類生物(wu)活性(xing)和作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)制(zhi)類似天(tian)然(ran)(ran)沙(sha)蠶毒(du)素(su)的有(you)機(ji)合成(cheng)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)。這(zhe)類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)品種(zhong)不多，但(dan)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)譜較廣(guang)，尤其在(zai)(zai)水稻害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)防治方面，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍大，如殺(sha)(sha)(sha)雙和殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)單。其主要作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于神經節膽(dan)堿能(neng)突觸，阻遏(e)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)中樞(shu)神經系統的突觸傳導，導致昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)死亡。一般兼(jian)有(you)觸殺(sha)(sha)(sha)和胃毒(du)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方式，有(you)些品種(zhong)有(you)熏(xun)蒸作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。由(you)于殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)靶標不同，這(zhe)類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)對有(you)機(ji)磷、氨基甲酸(suan)酯(zhi)(zhi)、擬除蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)菊酯(zhi)(zhi)類殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)產生抗藥性(xing)的害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無(wu)交互抗藥性(xing)問題。

沙(sha)蠶(can)(can)毒素類殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑對家蠶(can)(can)有很強的殺(sha)傷力，桑葉上只要(yao)有痕(hen)量的藥(yao)劑，家蠶(can)(can)吃了就會(hui)中(zhong)毒、死亡。在養蠶(can)(can)地(di)區(qu)(qu)使(shi)用此類殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑，若(ruo)采取細霧噴灑措(cuo)施，細小霧滴飄(piao)移極易引起桑葉被污染，進(jin)而造(zao)成(cheng)家蠶(can)(can)中(zhong)毒死亡。因(yin)此在養蠶(can)(can)地(di)區(qu)(qu)的水稻田使(shi)用此類殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑，一定(ding)與(yu)注意克服(fu)藥(yao)劑飄(piao)移問題。

5、昆蟲生長調節劑類殺蟲劑

昆(kun)蟲(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)調節劑（insect growth regulators，簡稱IGR）是(shi)通過抑(yi)(yi)制昆(kun)蟲(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)理發(fa)育，如抑(yi)(yi)制蛻皮、抑(yi)(yi)制新(xin)表皮形成、抑(yi)(yi)制取食等最后(hou)導致害蟲(chong)死(si)亡的(de)一(yi)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)劑。由于(yu)其作用機理不同于(yu)以往作用于(yu)神經系統的(de)傳統殺蟲(chong)劑，毒性低，污染少，對天敵和有益(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)物影響小，有助(zhu)于(yu)可持續農業的(de)發(fa)展，有利(li)于(yu)“無公害”綠色食品生(sheng)(sheng)產，有益(yi)于(yu)人類(lei)健康，因此，被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)“第三(san)代農藥(yao)(yao)”、“21世紀的(de)農藥(yao)(yao)”、“非殺生(sheng)(sheng)性殺蟲(chong)劑”、“生(sheng)(sheng)物調節劑（bioregulators）”、“特異(yi)性昆(kun)蟲(chong)控制劑（novel materials for insect control）”。由于(yu)它們符合(he)人類(lei)保護生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)的(de)總目標，迎合(he)各(ge)國政府和各(ge)階層民眾所關注的(de)農藥(yao)(yao)污染解決途徑這一(yi)熱(re)點，成為(wei)(wei)殺蟲(chong)劑研究與開發(fa)的(de)一(yi)個重點領域。

6、微生物源殺蟲劑

利用(yong)(yong)細菌(jun)(jun)、真菌(jun)(jun)、病毒(du)和(he)(he)微(wei)(wei)孢子蟲(chong)等來控制(zhi)(zhi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害蟲(chong)，這些微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)就稱(cheng)為病原(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)；利用(yong)(yong)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)酵(jiao)產物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)物(wu)質稱(cheng)為抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素，這些病原(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)和(he)(he)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素都(dou)來源(yuan)于(yu)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)，因此統稱(cheng)為微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源(yuan)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)。目前界上(shang)已(yi)分離出昆蟲(chong)病原(yuan)(yuan)細菌(jun)(jun)90多種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)，已(yi)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)昆蟲(chong)病原(yuan)(yuan)真菌(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)530余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)，已(yi)知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)病原(yuan)(yuan)病毒(du)達700種(zhong)(zhong)以上(shang)，這么多的(de)(de)(de)病原(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)中，商(shang)品化的(de)(de)(de)只(zhi)有(you)(you)蘇云(yun)金桿菌(jun)(jun)、白僵菌(jun)(jun)、綠僵菌(jun)(jun)、NPV病毒(du)等少數幾種(zhong)(zhong)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)（源(yuan)）殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)一般(ban)具有(you)(you)安全、選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)雖然(ran)原(yuan)(yuan)藥(yao)(yao)毒(du)性(xing)高，但由于(yu)每畝有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成分用(yong)(yong)量很低，因此，加工成制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)使用(yong)(yong)也是安全的(de)(de)(de)。微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(源(yuan))殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)不足(zu)之處是應用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)受環境(jing)影(ying)響大，藥(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)揮慢，防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)暴(bao)發(fa)性(xing)害蟲(chong)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)差。

7、植物源殺蟲劑

很多植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)體內含(han)有殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質，可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)做殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)，如(ru)我國古代就(jiu)開始使(shi)用(yong)(yong)艾蒿葉(xie)熏蚊蠅。除(chu)直(zhi)接(jie)利用(yong)(yong)含(han)有殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)某些部(bu)位，如(ru)除(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)菊花、魚藤(teng)的(de)根(gen)粉碎(sui)成(cheng)粉狀或用(yong)(yong)水浸出液作殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)外，還可(ke)用(yong)(yong)化學溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)將植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中的(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質提取出來，加工成(cheng)合(he)適的(de)劑(ji)(ji)型使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)如(ru)煙堿、魚藤(teng)酮、除(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)菊素、印楝等。

通常植(zhi)物中殺(sha)蟲活(huo)性物質的含(han)量很少，因此靠(kao)種植(zhi)殺(sha)蟲植(zhi)物作(zuo)為商品殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)的來源并(bing)不經濟。研究植(zhi)物中的殺(sha)蟲活(huo)性物質的化學結構(gou)，再進行人工模擬合成，是(shi)發展殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)的重(zhong)要途徑。擬除蟲菊酯(zhi)類殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)就是(shi)在研究除蟲菊素的化學結構(gou)的基礎上(shang)仿(fang)生合成出來的。

8、新型農藥殺蟲劑

“新(xin)型”殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是相(xiang)對于“常規”殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)而言的(de)，一般人(ren)們將20世(shi)紀發(fa)展起來的(de)有機氯、有機磷、氨基甲酸酯(zhi)及擬除(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)菊酯(zhi)類殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)等稱為(wei)常規殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來發(fa)展的(de)一系列新(xin)型殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)品種或者結構新(xin)穎，或者殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)作用機制獨(du)特而不同于常規余蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，如吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)啉、吡(bi)蚜酮、啶蟲(chong)(chong)脒、丁醚脲等，而且(qie)與常規殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)比，具有更高的(de)環境相(xiang)容性。

9、殺螨劑

螨(man)(man)(man)(man)類(lei)屬于(yu)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)綱，與昆蟲(chong)綱的(de)(de)(de)害(hai)蟲(chong)在形態上有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)大差異，在對(dui)(dui)般(ban)約的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)感性(xing)方(fang)面也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)同。有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)農藥對(dui)(dui)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)類(lei)特別有(you)(you)(you)效，而對(dui)(dui)昆蟲(chong)利的(de)(de)(de)害(hai)蟲(chong)毒力相對(dui)(dui)較差或無效，因此(ci)，特稱為殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)。有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)兼具(ju)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)作用(yong)，如有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)磷殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)中很(hen)多(duo)品種都(dou)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)作用(yong)，殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)困劑(ji)硫磺(huang)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)活性(xing)，礦(kuang)物油(you)對(dui)(dui)害(hai)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)滅作用(yong)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)分無機(ji)(ji)硫殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)和有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)合(he)成殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)兩大類(lei)。無機(ji)(ji)硫殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)硫磺(huang)在殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)部(bu)分已介紹，在此(ci)省略。這(zhe)類(lei)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)劑(ji)一(yi)般(ban)指只殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)不(bu)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)或以(yi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)螨(man)(man)(man)(man)為主的(de)(de)(de)藥劑(ji)。一(yi)般(ban)對(dui)(dui)人畜(chu)等高等生物具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性(xing)