一、空氣分離設備是做什么的

空分設備，全稱是空氣分離設備，是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料，利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體，然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離，在原料的空氣中，除了灰塵之外，還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物，現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統，以改善空氣的清潔，避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集，從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多， 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置，也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛，如果您需要采購空分設備，可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。

二、空分設備原理

空分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)設(she)備(bei)是一個(ge)大型的(de)復雜系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要由動力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、熱(re)交換系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、精(jing)餾(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、產品(pin)輸送系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)體(ti)貯存系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)，其工作原理是：利用(yong)低溫蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)將(jiang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)，根據各組分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)溫度(du)的(de)不同將(jiang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)：純(chun)(chun)(chun)氮(dan)和(he)純(chun)(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)在上塔的(de)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)和(he)底(di)部(bu)(bu)得到(dao)。液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)也可(ke)以(yi)從主冷(leng)(leng)卻系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)和(he)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)側除去。精(jing)餾(liu)塔內的(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在下柱中多次分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)，獲得液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)和(he)富氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。將(jiang)富氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)送入精(jing)餾(liu)塔，得到(dao)純(chun)(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)純(chun)(chun)(chun)氮(dan)。塔身(shen)上部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)段(duan)(duan)(duan)：以(yi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)和(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)入口為邊界，上部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)上升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，回收氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)，下部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，將(jiang)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)在液(ye)(ye)體(ti)中分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)，提高液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)。

三、空分設備的工藝流程

空(kong)分(fen)設(she)備是進(jin)(jin)行空(kong)氣分(fen)離的(de)設(she)備，其分(fen)離空(kong)氣的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)是：大(da)氣首先經過(guo)(guo)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)系統(tong)進(jin)(jin)行初步壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)，接著(zhu)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)預(yu)冷(leng)(leng)系統(tong)初步冷(leng)(leng)卻，然后再(zai)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)純化(hua)系統(tong)除(chu)去(qu)一部分(fen)水分(fen)、二氧化(hua)碳(tan)等(deng)(deng)雜質，再(zai)經換熱(re)系統(tong)進(jin)(jin)一步冷(leng)(leng)卻，隨后進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)到分(fen)餾系統(tong)（主(zhu)要(yao)包含(han)膨脹機、冷(leng)(leng)箱等(deng)(deng)，而(er)冷(leng)(leng)箱又含(han)主(zhu)塔、主(zhu)冷(leng)(leng)、液體泵等(deng)(deng)設(she)備，精(jing)餾過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)即在該系統(tong)完成），最后進(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)產品氣化(hua)、壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)、儲(chu)存(cun)等(deng)(deng)后備系統(tong)。

四、空分設備安裝規范

1、凡圖紙中(zhong)注明氮(dan)(dan)(dan)封保護(hu)出(chu)廠的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)須認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)檢查氮(dan)(dan)(dan)封壓力(li)，如有(you)(you)異常現象，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)認(ren)真做(zuo)好(hao)記錄(lu)，并反映(ying)(ying)給(gei)有(you)(you)關人(ren)員，切勿急于安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。在(zai)(zai)保證期(qi)內(nei)，具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)合格證且包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)容(rong)器，在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)，可不單獨進行(xing)壓力(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，否(fou)則(ze)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)按(an)圖紙要求(qiu)進行(xing)強度試驗(yan)或(huo)氣密性試驗(yan)，介質(zhi)為干燥的(de)(de)(de)無油的(de)(de)(de)空氣或(huo)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)氣。2、所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)容(rong)器、閥門及(ji)其附(fu)件，在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)須是清潔干燥和不沾油污的(de)(de)(de)，鋁制(zhi)件的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)脂(zhi)嚴禁(jin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)CCL4，推(tui)薦(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)氯(lv)乙(yi)烯或(huo)三氯(lv)乙(yi)烯，凡與氧或(huo)富氧介質(zhi)接觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)非鋁制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)容(rong)器、閥門、管(guan)道及(ji)各忌油機械(xie)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)CCL4脫(tuo)脂(zhi)，脫(tuo)脂(zhi)結果的(de)(de)(de)最終簽(qian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)方(fang)法和標(biao)準，按(an)照有(you)(you)關技(ji)術(shu)文件的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。3、吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋁制(zhi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)保護(hu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（如索具(ju)外套橡皮管(guan)，索具(ju)間用(yong)(yong)(yong)支撐撐開(kai)），以防(fang)止損壞設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)取(qu)包扎(zha)等臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以防(fang)止雨水(shui)、灰塵、焊(han)渣、機械(xie)雜質(zhi)等落入(ru)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)內(nei)及(ji)油脂(zhi)污染。4、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)注意(yi)塔(ta)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)高(gao)(gao)、方(fang)位。5、冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器伐門、管(guan)道及(ji)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)支架(jia)，冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)表面(mian)以及(ji)基礎表面(mian)待(dai)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結束后，均(jun)不得(de)沾有(you)(you)油脂(zhi)，否(fou)則(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)進行(xing)去油處理。6、空、水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)塔(ta)在(zai)(zai)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)須把平臺、梯子組對焊(han)接好(hao)，減少高(gao)(gao)空作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，做(zuo)好(hao)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)準備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)注意(yi)標(biao)高(gao)(gao)、方(fang)位，必(bi)要時(shi)(shi)要采(cai)取(qu)防(fang)風措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂直度不應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)大于1/1000，且不超(chao)過(guo)30毫米。7、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計、材料(liao)、設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造等問題時(shi)(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員不得(de)擅自決定(ding)(ding)(ding)處理，必(bi)須向(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負責人(ren)反映(ying)(ying)，會同有(you)(you)關單位人(ren)員商定(ding)(ding)(ding)解(jie)決并留有(you)(you)書面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)依據。8、吊(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)繩索、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)仔細檢查、確認(ren)無誤后方(fang)可投入(ru)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平穩(wen)、墊實(shi)(shi)。9、在(zai)(zai)空分(fen)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，除堅定(ding)(ding)(ding)執(zhi)行(xing)一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需遵(zun)守的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)和措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外，考慮到(dao)空分(fen)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)體積大、高(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao)，怕碰(peng)、禁(jin)油等特點(dian)，高(gao)(gao)空多層作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)多，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以確保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)人(ren)員及(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)。