翡翠,也稱翡翠玉、翠玉、硬玉、緬甸玉,是玉的一種,顏色呈翠綠色(稱之翠)或紅色(稱之翡)。是在地質作用過程中形成的主要由硬玉、綠輝石和鈉鉻輝石組成的達到玉級的多晶集合體。習慣上稱翠或翠玉,是緬甸出產的硬玉,日本、俄羅斯、墨西哥、美國加州等地均產有硬玉,但其質量與產量遠不如緬甸。緬甸很早就開采出寶石級翡翠,長期以來人們只知道緬甸出產翡翠,因此將緬甸玉作為翡翠的代名詞。古人認為翡翠本是天上的石頭,可以帶來好運。象征純潔、太陽、公正、勇氣、和諧以及純潔的精神,同時也暗指男女之情。因此,翡翠自從清代以來就成為了人們眼中的珍寶。
一(yi)件好(hao)翡翠(cui),應該可(ke)以(yi)用八個字來概(gai)括:“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)、形、色(se),中(zhong)、陽、正、和(he)”,前者是(shi)直觀的,后者則(ze)蘊(yun)含著思想、文(wen)化等(deng)(deng)深(shen)層含義(yi)。業內有句俗話叫“內行(xing)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),外行(xing)看(kan)色(se)”,但如果從質(zhi)檢角度來講,優(you)質(zhi)翡翠(cui)最好(hao)是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、色(se)兼收。翡翠(cui)擁寶石之華貴,具玉石之溫潤(run),僅從顏色(se)上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)可(ke)分為(wei)紅、綠、黃、黑、白等(deng)(deng)許多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),顏色(se)非常豐富(fu),而從質(zhi)地,也就(jiu)是(shi)人稱的“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”上(shang)(shang)區分,常見的又可(ke)以(yi)分為(wei)玻(bo)璃種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、冰種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、藕粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、芙(fu)蓉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、瓷種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、干(gan)青(qing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)。而對(dui)于翡翠(cui)的優(you)劣,應從質(zhi)地、顏色(se)、水(shui)頭、工(gong)藝(yi)、寓意、歷史文(wen)化等(deng)(deng)多個方面進行(xing)綜合(he)評判。