歷史沿革
自古(gu)(gu)與黃河一(yi)(yi)道構成(cheng)天(tian)然屏障,為(wei)(wei)(wei)軍事戰(zhan)略要地(di)。白塔(ta)原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念去蒙古(gu)(gu)謁見成(cheng)吉思汗而在蘭州(zhou)病(bing)故的(de)一(yi)(yi)西藏薩迦(jia)派喇嘛而建(jian)(jian)。現存白塔(ta)系(xi)明(ming)景泰年間(1450-1456年),鎮守甘肅(su)內監劉永成(cheng)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。清康熙54年(1715年),巡撫(fu)綽奇補舊(jiu)增新,擴(kuo)大寺(si)址,起名慈恩寺(si)。白塔(ta)七級八(ba)面(mian),高(gao)(gao)(gao)約17米,下(xia)(xia)筑園基(ji),上著綠頂,各(ge)面(mian)雕有(you)佛像(xiang),檐角系(xi)有(you)鐵馬鈴。塔(ta)外通涂(tu)白漿(jiang),如(ru)白玉砌成(cheng)。山(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)1,700米,1958年辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)園,總建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積8000多平方(fang)米,分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)臺建(jian)(jian)筑群,依山(shan)而筑,飛檐紅(hong)柱,參差(cha)有(you)致,各(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑以亭榭回廊相連,四通八(ba)達。山(shan)上原(yuan)有(you)象皮鼓、青銅鐘、紫(zi)荊樹,古(gu)(gu)稱“鎮山(shan)三(san)寶”,現紫(zi)荊樹已(yi)枯死。白塔(ta)山(shan)經過多年綠化,樹高(gao)(gao)(gao)林密,曲徑(jing)通幽。公(gong)園內獨特的(de)“黃河奇石館(guan)”和裕固(gu)族(zu)接待帳房為(wei)(wei)(wei)別處少見,獨具風格。山(shan)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中山(shan)橋(qiao),使二者已(yi)連為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭州(zhou)旅游的(de)必游之地(di)。
景點介紹
白(bai)塔(ta)寺在(zai)山(shan)巔,相(xiang)傳為紀念(nian)(nian)元代以為去蒙古謁見成(cheng)吉思(si)汗而(er)病(bing)故于蘭州(zhou)的西藏(zang)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)喇嘛而(er)建。據載,元太祖(zu)成(cheng)吉思(si)汗在(zai)統一(yi)大(da)元帝國的疆(jiang)域時,曾致書西藏(zang)喇嘛教的薩迦派(pai)法王(wang)。法王(wang)即派(pai)一(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)喇嘛去覲(jin)見成(cheng)吉思(si)汗,該(gai)喇嘛途經(jing)蘭州(zhou)時不幸病(bing)逝,于是元朝(chao)下令(ling)修(xiu)塔(ta)紀念(nian)(nian)。元代所修(xiu)白(bai)塔(ta)今已不存(cun),現存(cun)塔(ta)為明景泰年(nian)間(1450-1456)鎮守甘肅(su)內監(jian)劉永成(cheng)在(zai)舊址上(shang)重建。清(qing)(qing)康(kang)熙五十四年(nian)(1715年(nian)),巡撫綽(chuo)奇補舊增新,擴建寺址,改名(ming)(ming)慈恩寺,但百姓仍呼之為白(bai)塔(ta)寺。白(bai)塔(ta)八面七級,高17米,各(ge)級每面都有佛像(xiang)。角檐有銅馬,微風(feng)吹(chui)過,清(qing)(qing)脆動(dong)聽(ting),上(shang)冠(guan)綠頂,下筑圓基。清(qing)(qing)人秦維岳(yue)有詩云:“北上(shang)環擁勢嵯(cuo)峨,塔(ta)影巍然最上(shang)坡。布地散金名(ming)(ming)寶剎,擎天一(yi)柱俯黃河。”描繪出白(bai)塔(ta)雄(xiong)姿。
出白(bai)塔寺門(men)西下(xia)(xia)右轉,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)水濂觀(guan)音洞。在(zai)(zai)洞西北臺(tai)上(shang)(shang),建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關帝(di)廟、駐(zhu)春亭、蘭臺(tai),至山(shan)(shan)巔處(chu)(chu)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)亭曰“牡(mu)丹亭”。白(bai)塔寺西南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)稍(shao)低處(chu)(chu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)峰突起,號(hao)稱鳳嶺山(shan)(shan),清康熙時在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)面修建(jian)(jian)了(le)三(san)官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)觀(guan)音洞。嘉慶時又(you)添(tian)建(jian)(jian)了(le)藥王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及三(san)間(jian)靈官樓(lou)等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。寺東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)教道(dao)統祠(ci),祠(ci)東為(wei)(wei)三(san)皇(huang)(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),祠(ci)前有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)拱橋,石(shi)拱為(wei)(wei)門(men),可(ke)通來往。過(guo)牌樓(lou)而下(xia)(xia),便是(shi)(shi)羅漢(han)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)懸樓(lou)10余間(jian),供游(you)人憑(ping)眺(tiao)及休(xiu)息。 三(san)教祠(ci)再(zai)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)另一(yi)山(shan)(shan)峰有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)星殿(dian)(dian)(dian),出殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)“鳳林(lin)香裊(niao)”牌樓(lou),其背面是(shi)(shi)“秀(xiu)映(ying)三(san)臺(tai)”,大(da)約是(shi)(shi)指東有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鳳林(lin)古(gu)關,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)望皋蘭山(shan)(shan)三(san)臺(tai)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)意。沿曲徑南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)直達四(si)臺(tai)大(da)廳(ting),這也是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)最主(zhu)要的一(yi)條道(dao)路。山(shan)(shan)下(xia)(xia)東側原有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文昌宮,中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)魁(kui)星閣(ge)(ge)(ge),是(shi)(shi)舊時秀(xiu)才們祈禱登(deng)科的去處(chu)(chu),現改為(wei)(wei)百花茶廳(ting),為(wei)(wei)游(you)客飲食休(xiu)息之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)。從白(bai)塔寺南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)直線下(xia)(xia)山(shan)(shan),昔人就山(shan)(shan)勢分為(wei)(wei)十(shi)級,每級有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)小小的殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇,統稱“十(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)”。十(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)為(wei)(wei)四(si)圣宮,宮南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)拱橋,橋南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)便是(shi)(shi)玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge),閣(ge)(ge)(ge)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)是(shi)(shi)祖師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)(zai)改建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)十(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)多已拆除,唯在(zai)(zai)崖頭上(shang)(shang)尚存一(yi)個。山(shan)(shan)頂的古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)迎旭客閣(ge)(ge)(ge),東、西、北三(san)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)巔還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東風亭、喜雨亭。登(deng)臨諸殿(dian)(dian)(dian)閣(ge)(ge)(ge),可(ke)憑(ping)欄遠眺(tiao)日(ri)出,放眼(yan)黃河,氣(qi)象萬千(qian)。
白(bai)塔山樹高林密,曲(qu)徑通幽。站在山上,便(bian)可一瞰全市(shi)景觀(guan)及九曲(qu)連環(huan)的母親河。又因有一元代白(bai)塔而成為蘭(lan)州旅(lv)游(you)的必(bi)游(you)之(zhi)地。每年6月(yue)初到(dao)9月(yue)中(zhong)旬是(shi)避暑、休閑的最佳時(shi)節。逢至周六、周日,更是(shi)人(ren)們聚(ju)集之(zhi)地。
旅游信息
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交通提示
白塔山公(gong)(gong)園的線路(lu)(lu)可分為(wei)以(yi)下(xia)三種: 1. 乘(cheng)坐(zuo)公(gong)(gong)交車(che)(che)20路(lu)(lu)、35路(lu)(lu)、53路(lu)(lu)、131路(lu)(lu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)白塔山公(gong)(gong)園站下(xia)車(che)(che),下(xia)車(che)(che)即到(dao)(dao)(dao)。 2. 也可乘(cheng)坐(zuo)9路(lu)(lu)、11路(lu)(lu)、15路(lu)(lu)、26路(lu)(lu)、34路(lu)(lu)、136路(lu)(lu)公(gong)(gong)交車(che)(che)到(dao)(dao)(dao)黃河鐵橋站下(xia)車(che)(che),順便欣賞黃河兩(liang)岸的美麗(li)景(jing)色,然后步行(xing)過黃河鐵橋即到(dao)(dao)(dao)。 3. 乘(cheng)坐(zuo)1路(lu)(lu)、6路(lu)(lu)、4路(lu)(lu)、75路(lu)(lu)、106路(lu)(lu)、107路(lu)(lu)、113路(lu)(lu)、137路(lu)(lu)等(deng)公(gong)(gong)交車(che)(che)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)蘭州最(zui)繁華的商業區——西關什(shen)字,往北步行(xing)只需(xu)15分鐘就可以(yi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)白塔山公(gong)(gong)園了(le)。