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人物生平

姬鄭為晉(jin)文公(gong)舉行慶(qing)功(gong)宴(yan)。晉(jin)文公(gong)更(geng)向姬鄭“請(qing)隧” （要(yao)求(qiu)在死后也享受天子(zi)規格(ge)的(de)葬禮(li)），但被姬鄭婉(wan)言拒(ju)絕，而將陽樊、溫、原和攢茅四(si)邑（在今河南省濟源縣(xian)、溫縣(xian)和修(xiu)武縣(xian)內(nei)）賜給晉(jin)作為報答。周(zhou)(zhou)襄王(wang)十四(si)年（前664年），秦、晉(jin)兩國已經擅(shan)自(zi)將允姓的(de)一支戎族遷居到(dao)周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)朝境(jing)內(nei)的(de)伊(yi)川（今洛陽市南伊(yi)河）一帶，占據(ju)此地。這樣，周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)朝的(de)地盤(pan)僅剩下方圓100多里的(de)彈(dan)丸(wan)之地。

周襄王元年（前(qian)651年），齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在宋(song)(song)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)癸丘(qiu)（今河南省蘭(lan)考縣東北）召集魯僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、衛文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、鄭文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、許僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、曹共(gong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等國(guo)會(hui)盟，而(er)以齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)主盟。姬鄭為(wei)感謝齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對他的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)，特地派周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宰孔參加大(da)會(hui)，并(bing)將周天子(zi)祭(ji)祀祖(zu)先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)肉分賜給齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，還聲明齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)用行謝恩的(de)(de)(de)(de)下拜禮，以示對齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)霸主地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)承認。這次會(hui)盟史稱(cheng)“癸丘(qiu)之盟”，它使(shi)齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聲望達到(dao)最高(gao)峰(feng)。齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死后(hou)，他的(de)(de)(de)(de)五個兒子(zi)爭奪(duo)國(guo)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)權位，內亂不(bu)已，國(guo)力削弱(ruo)，從而(er)使(shi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)失去霸主的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。

接(jie)著稱霸的是宋襄(xiang)公(gong)，他(ta)是個空(kong)談仁(ren)義(yi)道德(de)的諸侯。前638年，楚國伐(fa)宋，宋襄(xiang)公(gong)率(lv)領大軍迎戰(zhan)于泓（河(he)名，即今河(he)南(nan)省柘城西(xi)北的漶河(he)）。他(ta)認為君(jun)子不能乘敵軍正在渡河(he)時發(fa)起攻擊，不能乘敵軍未列陣之前沖鋒，不能俘虜(lu)頭上有(you)些白發(fa)的敵兵，因(yin)而(er)不顧部下一再請戰(zhan)，坐(zuo)失戰(zhan)機，最(zui)后(hou)被從容列陣后(hou)的楚軍打得大敗，他(ta)自己也受傷而(er)身(shen)亡(wang)。歷(li)史上將(jiang)他(ta)稱為十分愚(yu)蠢的人物的代(dai)表。

前(qian)632年，晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)率領大(da)軍(jun)(jun)在城濮(pu)（今河南(nan)省濮(pu)縣內(nei)）之(zhi)戰中大(da)敗楚軍(jun)(jun)，聲威大(da)振(zhen)。晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)將(jiang)1000名楚軍(jun)(jun)俘(fu)虜(lu)和100輛俘(fu)獲的(de)(de)(de)戰車(che)獻給姬鄭(zheng)，姬鄭(zheng)回贈(zeng)100張(zhang)紅(hong)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)弓(gong)和1000張(zhang)黑色(se)的(de)(de)(de)弓(gong)，并(bing)答應晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)可以征伐其他(ta)諸(zhu)侯(hou)。同年冬，晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)在鄭(zheng)國的(de)(de)(de)踐土（今河南(nan)省原(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)縣西(xi)南(nan)）大(da)會(hui)(hui)諸(zhu)侯(hou)；為增加他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)威望(wang)，更派人暗示姬鄭(zheng)應該前(qian)去赴會(hui)(hui)。姬鄭(zheng)感(gan)到(dao)(dao)堂(tang)堂(tang)周天子(zi)竟然(ran)落(luo)到(dao)(dao)唯諸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)命(ming)是(shi)從的(de)(de)(de)地步，十分難(nan)堪，又懾于(yu)晉(jin)國的(de)(de)(de)威力，不得不前(qian)往。后(hou)來，孔子(zi)寫《春秋(qiu)》時，將(jiang)此事寫成“天子(zi)狩(shou)獵于(yu)河陽(yang)(yang)”，以維護周天子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)顏面。晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)這時成為威震中原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)霸(ba)主。

繼晉文公(gong)(gong)后稱霸的(de)是(shi)(shi)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)。他任用(yong)賢才百里奚(xi)等人，增強國(guo)力，于前624年(nian)伐晉，取得大勝，威望大振(zhen)，連西戎20多個小國(guo)和(he)部落都(dou)聞(wen)風歸(gui)附(fu)，秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)被尊奉為西戎的(de)霸主。秦(qin)又大力向東(dong)發展，擴地1000多里。姬鄭(zheng)派使者(zhe)送去銅(tong)鼓(gu)12面(mian)，表示祝(zhu)賀，也就是(shi)(shi)正式承認秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)的(de)霸主地位。

周襄王(wang)三十二(er)年(nian)（前620年(nian)），姬(ji)鄭去世，謚號襄王(wang)。姬(ji)鄭死后(hou)，其子姬(ji)壬臣(chen)繼位，是(shi)為周頃(qing)王(wang)。

子帶之亂

王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)不(bu)甘心失敗(bai)，從公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)649年起，幾次引導西(xi)戎(rong)兵攻周，都(dou)先后被挫敗(bai)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)636年，姬(ji)鄭(zheng)發覺王(wang)后隗氏與王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)秘密勾結(jie)，立即廢黜(chu)了隗后。王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)得到(dao)消息，再(zai)次引導西(xi)戎(rong)兵攻周，攻占了都(dou)城。姬(ji)鄭(zheng)倉皇逃出，避居于鄭(zheng)國的汜(今(jin)河南省襄城縣(xian))，向各國諸(zhu)侯求救(jiu)。即位不(bu)久的晉文公(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)著勤王(wang)的旗號，于公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)635年出兵攻克王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)當(dang)時(shi)所在的溫(wen)，生擒王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)，然后迎姬(ji)鄭(zheng)回都(dou)城，將王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)押(ya)到(dao)都(dou)城處(chu)死，平定(ding)了內(nei)亂。這次內(nei)亂，史稱(cheng)“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)之亂”。

史籍記載

《史記·卷(juan)四·周本紀第四》

影視形象

1996年電(dian)視劇《東周(zhou)列國·春秋篇(pian)》：魏金虎(hu)飾演周(zhou)襄(xiang)王(wang)。