人物簡介
周惠王(wang)姬(ji)閬(lang)即位(wei)后(hou)(hou)的第二年(公(gong)元前675年)秋,為(wei)國(guo),邊伯(bo)、 詹父,子(zi)禽,祝跪等五個大夫,由于莊王(wang)生前曾經囑咐要立(li)庶子(zi)子(zi)頹為(wei)國(guo)君,對厘(li)王(wang)病死后(hou)(hou)由姬(ji)閬(lang)即位(wei)十分(fen)不滿,就聯合(he)貴族蘇(su)(su)氏,一(yi)起擁奉(feng)子(zi)頹,發動叛亂,攻(gong)打姬(ji)閬(lang),卻(que)被擊敗后(hou)(hou)出逃。子(zi)頹逃到溫(今河(he)南省溫縣西南),又在蘇(su)(su)氏陪同下逃奔到衛國(guo)。
衛(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)由于怨恨周(zhou)王收留了自己的政敵(di)公(gong)子黔牟,就聯合南燕(yan),支持子頹。這(zhe)一年(nian)冬,衛(wei)和南燕(yan)出兵攻入周(zhou)朝(chao)都城,逐走姬閬(lang),立子頹為天子。鄭(zheng)厲公(gong)出面調解周(zhou)王室之(zhi)亂,沒有成(cheng)功,于是就在第二年(nian)春(chun)俘住了南燕(yan)國君仲父,并且(qie)將(jiang)流亡在外(wai)的姬閬(lang)安置(zhi)在鄭(zheng)國的別都櫟(li)(今河(he)南禹縣),還(huan)將(jiang)王室的器(qi)皿(min)用(yong)具從成(cheng)周(zhou)搬(ban)到櫟(li),供姬閬(lang)享用(yong)。
公元前673年春(chun),鄭(zheng)(zheng)厲公和虢(guo)公在(zai)弭(mi)(今(jin)河南省(sheng)密縣內(nei))誓師伐子(zi)頹(tui)(tui),鄭(zheng)(zheng)、虢(guo)聯(lian)軍(jun)很快攻入(ru)都城。子(zi)頹(tui)(tui)和邊(bian)伯(bo)等5個大夫正在(zai)喝(he)酒(jiu)慶賀,措手(shou)不(bu)及,被聯(lian)軍(jun)殺死。鄭(zheng)(zheng)厲公和虢(guo)公迎姬(ji)閬(lang)回到都城,重新登上(shang)天(tian)子(zi)寶座。這(zhe)場內(nei)亂(luan)史(shi)稱“子(zi)頹(tui)(tui)之亂(luan)”。為了感激鄭(zheng)(zheng)、虢(guo)兩國的援助,姬(ji)閬(lang)將(jiang)酒(jiu)泉(quan)(今(jin)陜西省(sheng)東部(bu)一(yi)帶)賜(si)給虢(guo),將(jiang)虎牢 (今(jin)河南省(sheng)滎(ying)陽市西北)以東之地賜(si)給鄭(zheng)(zheng)。這(zhe)樣(yang),內(nei)亂(luan)平(ping)息了,周王朝的疆土又一(yi)次縮小了。
人物生平
姬閬(lang)在位(wei)期間(jian),齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)繼續東攻(gong)西伐,兼并小(xiao)國(guo),擴大力(li)量。公元前670年,齊(qi)(qi)軍攻(gong)滅郭國(guo)(今山東省(sheng)聊城縣東北)。齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公問(wen)當地父老(lao)(lao):“郭為(wei)(wei)何滅亡(wang)?”父老(lao)(lao)回(hui)答說:“因(yin)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)君(jun)愛(ai)賢人而恨壞人。”齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公不(bu)理解,問(wen)道:“照(zhao)各(ge)位(wei)所言,你們(men)的國(guo)君(jun)是位(wei)賢明(ming)的君(jun)主,那怎么又(you)會亡(wang)國(guo)的呢?”父老(lao)(lao)回(hui)答說:“國(guo)君(jun)愛(ai)賢人而不(bu)任用;恨壞人而不(bu)翦(jian)除,所以導(dao)致了亡(wang)國(guo)。”
當時,魯(lu)國(guo)的(de)慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)(魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)子)先后(hou)殺掉了(le)國(guo)君(jun)子般、閔公(gong)(gong),導(dao)致魯(lu)國(guo)大(da)亂(luan)。時人說:“慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)不死,魯(lu)難未(wei)已。”這就成了(le)著名的(de)成語(yu)。魯(lu)僖公(gong)(gong)即位后(hou),索要(yao)避居于(yu)(yu)莒(ju)(ju)國(guo)(今山東省莒(ju)(ju)縣)的(de)慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu),慶(qing)(qing)父(fu)(fu)自(zi)知(zhi)罪(zui)責(ze)難逃,自(zi)殺于(yu)(yu)莒(ju)(ju),魯(lu)國(guo)內亂(luan)才(cai)暫告平(ping)息。
當時(shi)(shi)衛國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)君(jun)衛懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)酷愛養鶴(he)(he),平時(shi)(shi)竟然(ran)讓(rang)他最喜愛的(de)(de)(de)鶴(he)(he)乘(cheng)座華麗的(de)(de)(de)軒車,享(xiang)受(shou)大夫(fu)的(de)(de)(de)待遇(yu),國(guo)人怨(yuan)聲載道。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前660年(nian)12月,戎兵攻衛,衛懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)率軍(jun)迎戰(zhan),兩軍(jun)相遇(yu)于滎(ying)澤(今(jin)河南省滎(ying)陽縣(xian)東北)。臨戰(zhan)前,衛國(guo)將士埋怨(yuan)說:“大王平時(shi)(shi)如此厚(hou)待鶴(he)(he),現在就讓(rang)鶴(he)(he)去抵敵吧!”一時(shi)(shi)軍(jun)無斗志(zhi),被打得大敗,衛懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)也被亂兵殺(sha)死,成(cheng)為玩(wan)物(wu)喪志(zhi)者的(de)(de)(de)鑒(jian)戒。
姬閬(lang)晚年(nian)寵愛陳國(guo)的(de)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)惠(hui)(hui)后,準備廢(fei)去(qu)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鄭(zheng)(zheng),改立惠(hui)(hui)后生的(de)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)帶(dai)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)655年(nian)夏(xia),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邀集了宋桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、魯僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、陳宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)、衛(wei)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、許(xu)僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、曹昭公(gong)(gong)(gong),與太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)會于衛(wei)國(guo)的(de)首止(今河南省(sheng)睢縣東南),宣布支持太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)為嗣(si)君。姬閬(lang)十分(fen)生氣,就(jiu)指使(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)背約去(qu)聯(lian)(lian)絡(luo)楚國(guo),自(zi)己(ji)派人去(qu)聯(lian)(lian)絡(luo)晉國(guo),試圖(tu)組成周(zhou)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)、晉、楚聯(lian)(lian)盟,以對(dui)抗(kang)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)先發制(zhi)人,連續興兵攻鄭(zheng)(zheng),迫(po)使(shi)鄭(zheng)(zheng)國(guo)叛周(zhou)親(qin)齊(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)姬閬(lang)的(de)計劃破產。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)652年(nian)12月,姬閬(lang)病(bing)死。死后的(de)謚號為惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)。