《越絕外傳記(ji)寶劍(jian)》第十三
昔者,越王句踐有寶劍五,聞於天下。客有能相劍者,名薛燭。王召而問之,曰:「吾有寶劍(jian)五,請以示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。」薛(xue)燭對(dui)曰(yue):「愚理不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以言,大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)請,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已。」乃(nai)召掌者(zhe),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)取(qu)毫曹。薛(xue)燭對(dui)曰(yue):「毫曹,非(fei)(fei)寶劍(jian)也(ye)。夫寶劍(jian),五色(se)并見,莫能(neng)相勝。毫曹已擅名矣,非(fei)(fei)寶劍(jian)也(ye)。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):「取(qu)巨(ju)闕。」薛(xue)燭曰(yue):「非(fei)(fei)寶劍(jian)也(ye)。寶劍(jian)者(zhe),金錫和(he)銅(tong)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)。今巨(ju)闕已離(li)矣,非(fei)(fei)寶劍(jian)也(ye)。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):「然巨(ju)闕初成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),吾坐於(wu)露壇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),宮人(ren)有(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)駕白鹿而(er)過者(zhe),車奔(ben)鹿驚(jing),吾引(yin)劍(jian)而(er)指之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四(si)(si)(si)駕上(shang)(shang)飛揚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)絕(jue)也(ye)。穿銅(tong)釜,絕(jue)鐵?,胥中決如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)粢米,故(gu)曰(yue)巨(ju)闕。」王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)取(qu)純(chun)鈞(jun)(jun),薛(xue)燭聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),忽如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)敗。有(you)(you)頃,懼(ju)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)悟。下(xia)(xia)(xia)階而(er)深惟,簡衣而(er)坐望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。手(shou)振拂揚,其(qi)(qi)華(hua)捽(zu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)芙蓉始出(chu)。觀其(qi)(qi)釽,爛如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)列星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行;觀其(qi)(qi)光,渾(hun)渾(hun)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溢於(wu)塘(tang);觀其(qi)(qi)斷,巖巖如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)瑣石;觀其(qi)(qi)才,煥煥如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)冰釋。「此(ci)所謂純(chun)鈞(jun)(jun)耶?」王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):「是也(ye)。客有(you)(you)直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),有(you)(you)市(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉二(er),駿(jun)馬千(qian)疋(pi),千(qian)戶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)二(er),可乎?」薛(xue)燭對(dui)曰(yue):「不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可。當造(zao)此(ci)劍(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),赤堇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan),破(po)而(er)出(chu)錫;若耶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溪(xi),涸而(er)出(chu)銅(tong);雨師掃灑,雷公擊橐;蛟(jiao)龍捧鑪,天帝裝(zhuang)炭;太一下(xia)(xia)(xia)觀,天精下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。歐(ou)冶乃(nai)因天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精神,悉其(qi)(qi)伎巧,造(zao)為(wei)大刑(xing)三(san)、小(xiao)刑(xing)二(er):一曰(yue)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)盧,二(er)曰(yue)純(chun)鈞(jun)(jun),三(san)曰(yue)勝邪,四(si)(si)(si)曰(yue)魚(yu)腸(chang),五曰(yue)巨(ju)闕。吳王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)闔(he)(he)(he)廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),得其(qi)(qi)勝邪、魚(yu)腸(chang)、湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)盧。闔(he)(he)(he)廬無道,子女死,殺生(sheng)以送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian),去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)水,行秦過楚,楚王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)臥(wo)而(er)寤,得吳王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian),將首魁漂(piao)而(er)存焉(yan)。秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聞而(er)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得,興(xing)師擊楚,曰(yue):『與我湛(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)盧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian),還師去汝。』楚王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與。時(shi)闔(he)(he)(he)廬又以魚(yu)腸(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍(jian)刺(ci)吳王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)僚(liao),使(shi)披腸(chang)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲三(san)事。闔(he)(he)(he)廬使(shi)專諸為(wei)奏炙魚(yu)者(zhe),引(yin)劍(jian)而(er)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遂弒王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)僚(liao)。此(ci)其(qi)(qi)小(xiao)試於(wu)敵邦,未見其(qi)(qi)大用於(wu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)。今赤堇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)已合,若耶溪(xi)深而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)測。群神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia),歐(ou)冶子即死。雖復傾城量金,珠玉竭(jie)河,猶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)得此(ci)一物,有(you)(you)市(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉二(er)、駿(jun)馬千(qian)疋(pi)、千(qian)戶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)二(er),何足(zu)言哉(zai)!
純(chun)鈞是一(yi)(yi)把(ba)尊貴無雙之(zhi)劍(jian)。春秋時(shi)期(qi),一(yi)(yi)個(ge)風和日麗的午(wu)后,經過數(shu)年(nian)臥(wo)薪嘗膽(dan)終于擊敗吳國(guo)的越王勾踐,睡了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)甜美的午(wu)覺醒(xing)了過來,心(xin)情非(fei)常舒暢。飲了一(yi)(yi)壺上(shang)好(hao)的龍井新茶后,勾踐興致(zhi)勃(bo)勃(bo)地派手下(xia)去(qu)找一(yi)(yi)個(ge)人(ren)。這個(ge)人(ren)就是薛燭。薛燭是秦國(guo)人(ren),此時(shi)正在越國(guo)游歷。薛燭雖然年(nian)紀(ji)輕(qing)輕(qing),但(dan)卻已經名(ming)動列國(guo),被人(ren)稱為(wei)天下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)相劍(jian)大師(shi)。不大一(yi)(yi)會兒,眉清目秀文(wen)質彬彬的薛燭就趕來了。賓主一(yi)(yi)番(fan)客(ke)套寒暄(xuan)之(zhi)后,就帶著隨從來到室外寬闊的露臺之(zhi)上(shang)。
越王勾踐酷(ku)愛(ai)刀(dao)劍(jian),這(zhe)(zhe)個露臺高達數(shu)丈,氣(qi)勢(shi)舒張,光線充沛,專(zhuan)門用來看(kan)劍(jian)賞刀(dao)。落(luo)座之后,勾踐掃了(le)一(yi)眼身邊的薛燭(zhu),心想這(zhe)(zhe)個年(nian)(nian)輕(qing)人雖然年(nian)(nian)紀(ji)輕(qing)輕(qing)但卻閱劍(jian)無(wu)數(shu),一(yi)般刀(dao)劍(jian)肯定難入他的法眼,于是,勾踐一(yi)開(kai)口(kou)就叫手下取來了(le)自己頗為得意(yi)的寶劍(jian):毫曹。哪(na)知(zhi),薛燭(zhu)走(zou)馬(ma)觀花(hua)地看(kan)了(le)一(yi)遍,隨(sui)便地說了(le)一(yi)句(ju):“這(zhe)(zhe)兩把(ba)劍(jian)都(dou)有缺點,毫曹和巨闕。哪(na)知(zhi),薛燭(zhu)對(dui)二者并(bing)無(wu)佳評:“這(zhe)(zhe)兩把(ba)劍(jian)都(dou)有缺點,毫曹光華散淡,巨闕質(zhi)地趨(qu)粗,不能算寶劍(jian)。”
勾(gou)(gou)(gou)踐(jian)(jian)頗感意外(wai),覺得很沒面(mian)子(zi)(zi),他想了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)想,一(yi)(yi)(yi)咬牙,俯在一(yi)(yi)(yi)個貼身侍(shi)從(cong)耳邊吩(fen)咐了(le)幾(ji)句,過(guo)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)兒,侍(shi)從(cong)率領幾(ji)百個鐵甲武士護(hu)送一(yi)(yi)(yi)把(ba)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian)來(lai)到(dao)臺下(xia)(xia)。薛燭(zhu)(zhu)感到(dao)好(hao)笑,問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“大(da)王這(zhe)么興師(shi)動眾(zhong),拿來(lai)的是(shi)什么劍(jian)(jian)啊?”勾(gou)(gou)(gou)踐(jian)(jian)對薛燭(zhu)(zhu)的態度有一(yi)(yi)(yi)絲不(bu)快,他沒好(hao)氣地(di)(di)(di)吐出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)兩個字(zi):“純鈞”。只聽見“咣啷(lang)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng),薛燭(zhu)(zhu)從(cong)座(zuo)位(wei)上仰面(mian)摔倒,束發的金(jin)釵掉在地(di)(di)(di)上,一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭長發披散下(xia)(xia)來(lai),面(mian)色(se)突然凝住、呆(dai)滯。好(hao)大(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)會(hui)兒,才突然驚醒,只見他腳尖點(dian)地(di)(di)(di)幾(ji)個縱躍掠下(xia)(xia)臺階,來(lai)到(dao)劍(jian)(jian)前(qian),深深一(yi)(yi)(yi)躬,然后(hou)又表情肅(su)然地(di)(di)(di)整理(li)好(hao)自己的衣服,從(cong)侍(shi)者手中(zhong)接過(guo)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian),小心翼翼地(di)(di)(di)敲(qiao)了(le)幾(ji)敲(qiao)掂了(le)幾(ji)掂之(zhi)后(hou)方才將劍(jian)(jian)從(cong)鞘(qiao)中(zhong)緩(huan)緩(huan)拔出(chu)(chu)(chu)。只見一(yi)(yi)(yi)團(tuan)光(guang)(guang)華綻放而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)宛如出(chu)(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)的芙蓉(rong)雍容而(er)清(qing)冽,劍(jian)(jian)柄上的雕飾如星宿運行(xing)閃出(chu)(chu)(chu)深邃(sui)的光(guang)(guang)芒(mang),劍(jian)(jian)身、陽光(guang)(guang)渾然一(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)象清(qing)水(shui)(shui)漫過(guo)池(chi)塘(tang)從(cong)容而(er)舒緩(huan),而(er)劍(jian)(jian)刃就(jiu)象壁立千丈的斷崖崇高而(er)巍峨……過(guo)了(le)好(hao)久,薛燭(zhu)(zhu)才用顫(zhan)抖(dou)的聲(sheng)音問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)純鈞嗎(ma)?!”勾(gou)(gou)(gou)踐(jian)(jian)點(dian)了(le)點(dian)頭:“是(shi),”他得意地(di)(di)(di)接著說道(dao)(dao)(dao):“有人(ren)要(yao)用千匹駿馬三處富(fu)鄉(xiang)兩座(zuo)大(da)城來(lai)換這(zhe)把(ba)寶(bao)劍(jian)(jian),你看(kan)行(xing)嗎(ma)?”薛燭(zhu)(zhu)連忙說道(dao)(dao)(dao):“不(bu)能換。”勾(gou)(gou)(gou)踐(jian)(jian)做作地(di)(di)(di)皺了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)眉(mei)頭問道(dao)(dao)(dao):“為(wei)什么?你說說道(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。”薛燭(zhu)(zhu)激動地(di)(di)(di)大(da)聲(sheng)對道(dao)(dao)(dao):“因為(wei)這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)人(ren)共鑄(zhu)(zhu)的不(bu)二之(zhi)作。為(wei)鑄(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian),千年赤(chi)堇山(shan)山(shan)破而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)錫(xi),萬載(zai)(zai)若耶(ye)江江水(shui)(shui)干涸而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)銅。鑄(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)之(zhi)時,雷公打(da)鐵,雨娘(niang)淋水(shui)(shui),蛟龍捧爐,天(tian)(tian)帝裝炭。鑄(zhu)(zhu)劍(jian)(jian)大(da)師(shi)歐冶(ye)子(zi)(zi)承(cheng)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)命(ming)嘔心瀝血(xue)與眾(zhong)神(shen)鑄(zhu)(zhu)磨(mo)十載(zai)(zai)此劍(jian)(jian)方成(cheng)。劍(jian)(jian)成(cheng)之(zhi)后(hou),眾(zhong)神(shen)歸天(tian)(tian),赤(chi)堇山(shan)閉合(he)如初,若耶(ye)江波(bo)濤再起,歐冶(ye)子(zi)(zi)也力盡神(shen)竭而(er)亡,這(zhe)把(ba)劍(jian)(jian)已成(cheng)絕唱,區區駿馬城池(chi)何足道(dao)(dao)(dao)哉(zai)……”勾(gou)(gou)(gou)踐(jian)(jian)滿意地(di)(di)(di)頻頻點(dian)頭:“說得有理(li),既是(shi)無(wu)價之(zhi)寶(bao),我(wo)就(jiu)永遠把(ba)它珍藏(zang)吧。
故(gu)事見于《越絕書》。
越(yue)王允常命歐冶(ye)(ye)子(zi)鑄(zhu)造(zao)了五(wu)把寶劍,歐冶(ye)(ye)乃因天之(zhi)精神,悉其(qi)伎巧,造(zao)為(wei)大刑三、小刑二:一曰(yue)(yue)湛盧,二曰(yue)(yue)純鈞,三曰(yue)(yue)勝邪,四曰(yue)(yue)魚腸,五(wu)曰(yue)(yue)巨(ju)闕(que)。并稱越(yue)五(wu)劍。
1.圣道之(zhi)劍:軒轅夏禹
2.仁道(dao)之劍:湛盧
3.帝道之劍(jian):赤霄
4.威道(dao)之劍:泰阿
5.誠信之劍(jian):七星龍淵
6/7.摯(zhi)情之劍:干將/莫邪
8. 勇(yong)絕之劍:魚腸(chang)
9.尊貴無雙之(zhi)劍:純(chun)鈞
10.精致(zhi)優雅(ya)之劍:承(cheng)影(ying)