芒果视频下载

作品原文

行略定秦地1。函谷關(guan)有兵(bing)(bing)守關(guan)，不(bu)得(de)入。又聞沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)已破咸陽(yang)，項羽大怒(nu)，使當(dang)陽(yang)君等擊關(guan)。項羽遂入，至于戲西。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)軍霸上(shang)，未得(de)與項羽相(xiang)見(jian)。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)左司(si)馬曹無傷使人言于項羽曰(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)欲王關(guan)中2，使子(zi)嬰為相(xiang)，珍寶盡有之。”項羽大怒(nu)，曰(yue)：“旦日饗士卒3，為擊破沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)軍！”當(dang)是(shi)時(shi)，項羽兵(bing)(bing)四十(shi)萬(wan)，在(zai)(zai)新豐鴻(hong)門；沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)兵(bing)(bing)十(shi)萬(wan)，在(zai)(zai)霸上(shang)。范增說(shuo)項羽曰(yue)4：“沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)居山東時(shi)，貪于財貨，好美姬。今入關(guan)，財物無所取，婦女無所幸5，此其志不(bu)在(zai)(zai)小。吾令(ling)人望其氣6，皆為龍(long)虎，成五采，此天子(zi)氣也(ye)。急擊勿失！”

楚左尹(yin)項(xiang)伯者7，項(xiang)羽季(ji)父(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，素善留(liu)侯張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)8。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)時從(cong)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，項(xiang)伯乃夜(ye)馳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軍(jun)，私見(jian)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，具(ju)告(gao)以(yi)事9，欲(yu)呼張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與俱去，曰(yue)(yue)：“毋(wu)從(cong)俱死(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)10！”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“臣為(wei)韓王(wang)(wang)送沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)今(jin)(jin)事有(you)(you)急，亡去不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)語。”良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)乃入(ru)，具(ju)告(gao)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)驚，曰(yue)(yue)：“為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何？”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“誰為(wei)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)為(wei)此計者？”曰(yue)(yue)：“鯫生說(shuo)我(wo)曰(yue)(yue)：‘距(ju)關(guan)，毋(wu)內(nei)諸侯，秦地可盡王(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’故聽(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“料大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)士(shi)卒足(zu)以(yi)當(dang)項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)乎？”沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)默然(ran)，曰(yue)(yue)：“固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)！且為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何？”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“請往謂(wei)項(xiang)伯，言(yan)(yan)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)背項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)安與項(xiang)伯有(you)(you)故？”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“秦時與臣游(you)，項(xiang)伯殺人，臣活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；今(jin)(jin)事有(you)(you)急，故幸來(lai)告(gao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。”沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“孰與君(jun)(jun)少長？”良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“長于臣。”沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)為(wei)我(wo)呼入(ru)，吾(wu)(wu)得兄(xiong)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)出(chu)，要項(xiang)伯。項(xiang)伯即入(ru)見(jian)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奉卮酒為(wei)壽(shou)，約為(wei)婚姻，曰(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)(wu)入(ru)關(guan)，秋毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)有(you)(you)所近，籍吏民，封府庫(ku)，而待將軍(jun)。所以(yi)遣將守關(guan)者，備他(ta)盜(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)入(ru)與非常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。日夜(ye)望將軍(jun)至，豈敢(gan)反乎！愿伯具(ju)言(yan)(yan)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)倍德也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”項(xiang)伯許諾，謂(wei)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“旦日不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)蚤自來(lai)謝項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)！”沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“諾。”于是(shi)項(xiang)伯復夜(ye)去，至軍(jun)中，具(ju)以(yi)沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)言(yan)(yan)報項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)，因(yin)言(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：“沛(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先破(po)關(guan)中，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豈敢(gan)入(ru)乎？今(jin)(jin)人有(you)(you)大(da)(da)功(gong)而擊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)義也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)因(yin)善遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)許諾。

沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)旦日從(cong)百(bai)余騎來(lai)見項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)，至(zhi)鴻(hong)門，謝曰(yue)：“臣與將(jiang)軍戮力(li)而攻(gong)秦，將(jiang)軍戰(zhan)河北，臣戰(zhan)河南，然(ran)不(bu)自意能先入關破秦，得(de)復見將(jiang)軍于此。今(jin)者(zhe)有小人之言(yan)，令將(jiang)軍與臣有郤。”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)曰(yue)：“此沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)左司(si)馬曹無(wu)傷(shang)言(yan)之，不(bu)然(ran)，籍何以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)此？”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)即日因(yin)留沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)與飲。項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)東(dong)向坐；亞父(fu)南向坐—亞父(fu)者(zhe)，范增也；沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)北向坐，張良西向侍(shi)。范增數目項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)，舉所(suo)(suo)佩(pei)玉(yu)玦(jue)以(yi)(yi)示(shi)之者(zhe)三，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)默然(ran)不(bu)應。范增起(qi)，出，召項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)莊(zhuang)，謂曰(yue)：“君王(wang)為人不(bu)忍。若入前(qian)為壽(shou)，壽(shou)畢(bi)(bi)，請(qing)以(yi)(yi)劍舞，因(yin)擊沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)于坐，殺之。不(bu)者(zhe)，若屬皆且為所(suo)(suo)虜！”莊(zhuang)則(ze)入為壽(shou)。壽(shou)畢(bi)(bi)，曰(yue)：“君王(wang)與沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)飲，軍中(zhong)無(wu)以(yi)(yi)為樂，請(qing)以(yi)(yi)劍舞。”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)曰(yue)：“諾(nuo)。”項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)莊(zhuang)拔(ba)劍起(qi)舞，項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)伯(bo)亦拔(ba)劍起(qi)舞，常以(yi)(yi)身翼蔽(bi)沛(pei)公(gong)(gong)，莊(zhuang)不(bu)得(de)擊。

于是(shi)張良(liang)至軍門見樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)。樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)曰(yue)：“今(jin)日之(zhi)(zhi)事何如(ru)？”良(liang)曰(yue)：“甚急！今(jin)者(zhe)項(xiang)莊拔劍(jian)舞(wu)，其(qi)意常(chang)在沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也。”噲(kuai)曰(yue)：“此(ci)迫矣！臣請入(ru)，與(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)同命(ming)！”噲(kuai)即帶劍(jian)擁盾入(ru)軍門。交戟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)衛士欲止不內，樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)側其(qi)盾以撞，衛士仆(pu)地，噲(kuai)遂入(ru)，披帷西向(xiang)立(li)，瞋目(mu)視項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)，頭發(fa)上指(zhi)，目(mu)眥(zi)盡裂。項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)按劍(jian)而(er)跽曰(yue)：“客何為者(zhe)？”張良(liang)曰(yue)：“沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)參(can)乘樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)者(zhe)也。”項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“壯士！賜(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)卮酒！”則與(yu)斗卮酒。噲(kuai)拜謝，起(qi)，立(li)而(er)飲之(zhi)(zhi)。項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“賜(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)彘(zhi)(zhi)肩(jian)！”則與(yu)一生彘(zhi)(zhi)肩(jian)。樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)覆其(qi)盾于地，加彘(zhi)(zhi)肩(jian)上，拔劍(jian)切(qie)而(er)啖之(zhi)(zhi)。項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“壯士！能復飲乎(hu)？”樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)曰(yue)：“臣死且不避，卮酒安(an)足辭(ci)！夫秦王(wang)(wang)有虎狼之(zhi)(zhi)心，殺人如(ru)不能舉(ju)，刑人如(ru)恐(kong)不勝，天下皆叛之(zhi)(zhi)。懷王(wang)(wang)與(yu)諸(zhu)將約(yue)曰(yue)：‘先破秦入(ru)咸(xian)陽(yang)者(zhe)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)。’今(jin)沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)先破秦入(ru)咸(xian)陽(yang)，毫毛不敢有所近，封閉宮室，還軍霸上，以待大(da)王(wang)(wang)來(lai)。故(gu)遣將守關者(zhe)，備他盜出入(ru)與(yu)非常(chang)也。勞苦而(er)功高(gao)如(ru)此(ci)，未有封侯之(zhi)(zhi)賞，而(er)聽細(xi)說，欲誅有功之(zhi)(zhi)人。此(ci)亡(wang)秦之(zhi)(zhi)續耳(er)，竊(qie)為大(da)王(wang)(wang)不取也！”項(xiang)王(wang)(wang)未有以應，曰(yue)：“坐(zuo)！”樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)從良(liang)坐(zuo)。坐(zuo)須臾，沛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)起(qi)如(ru)廁(ce)，因招樊(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)噲(kuai)出。

沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)已出，項(xiang)王(wang)使都尉陳平召沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：“今者出，未辭(ci)也，為之(zhi)奈何(he)？”樊噲曰(yue)(yue)：“大行不顧細謹(jin)，大禮不辭(ci)小(xiao)讓。如今人(ren)方為刀俎(zu)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)為魚(yu)肉，何(he)辭(ci)為？”于(yu)是遂去(qu)(qu)。乃令張良(liang)留謝。良(liang)問曰(yue)(yue)：“大王(wang)來(lai)何(he)操？”曰(yue)(yue)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)持白(bai)璧一雙，欲(yu)獻項(xiang)王(wang)，玉斗一雙，欲(yu)與亞(ya)父(fu)。會其怒，不敢獻。公(gong)(gong)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)獻之(zhi)。”張良(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“謹(jin)諾(nuo)。”當是時，項(xiang)王(wang)軍在鴻門下，沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)軍在霸上，相(xiang)去(qu)(qu)四十里。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)則置車(che)騎，脫身獨騎，與樊噲、夏侯嬰、靳強、紀(ji)信(xin)等四人(ren)持劍盾步走(zou)，從酈山(shan)下，道(dao)(dao)芷陽(yang)間行。沛(pei)(pei)公(gong)(gong)謂張良(liang)曰(yue)(yue)：“從此道(dao)(dao)至吾軍，不過二(er)十里耳。度(du)我(wo)(wo)(wo)至軍中，公(gong)(gong)乃入。”

沛公已去(qu)，間至軍(jun)(jun)中。張良(liang)入謝，曰(yue)：“沛公不(bu)(bu)勝桮杓，不(bu)(bu)能辭(ci)。謹使臣良(liang)奉白璧(bi)一雙，再(zai)拜(bai)獻大(da)王(wang)(wang)足下(xia)(xia)；玉斗一雙，再(zai)拜(bai)奉大(da)將軍(jun)(jun)足下(xia)(xia)。”項王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“沛公安在？”良(liang)曰(yue)：“聞大(da)王(wang)(wang)有意(yi)督過之，脫(tuo)身(shen)獨去(qu)，已至軍(jun)(jun)矣(yi)。”項王(wang)(wang)則受(shou)璧(bi)，置(zhi)(zhi)之坐(zuo)上(shang)。亞父(fu)受(shou)玉斗，置(zhi)(zhi)之地，拔(ba)劍撞而破之，曰(yue)：“唉！豎(shu)子不(bu)(bu)足與謀！奪項王(wang)(wang)天下(xia)(xia)者，必沛公也！吾屬今為之虜矣(yi)！”

沛公至軍，立誅殺曹無傷。

創作背景

司馬遷在(zai)元封(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（前(qian)(qian)108年(nian)(nian)(nian)）接(jie)替(ti)其父擔(dan)任(ren)太史(shi)令(ling)，從(cong)太初元年(nian)(nian)(nian)（前(qian)(qian)104年(nian)(nian)(nian)）開始創作《太史(shi)公書(shu)》（后來稱為(wei)《史(shi)記(ji)》）。后因向(xiang)漢武帝為(wei)李(li)陵(ling)戰敗投(tou)降匈奴之事辯(bian)護而(er)被捕入獄并處以腐(fu)刑，在(zai)形體和(he)(he)精神上遭受巨大的創傷(shang)。出(chu)獄后任(ren)中(zhong)書(shu)令(ling)，忍辱發奮(fen)繼續完(wan)成所(suo)著史(shi)籍。大約在(zai)征和(he)(he)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（前(qian)(qian)91年(nian)(nian)(nian)），終于完(wan)成了全書(shu)的撰寫和(he)(he)修改工作。全書(shu)共(gong)一百三十篇，其中(zhong)第七(qi)篇即為(wei)《項羽本紀(ji)》。

項(xiang)羽(yu)作為漢朝(chao)開創者(zhe)劉邦(bang)的(de)勁敵，曾與劉邦(bang)爭奪天下，漢朝(chao)歷代君主對項(xiang)羽(yu)的(de)態度多是貶大于褒。而司(si)馬遷卻不同。揚雄《法(fa)言》云(yun)：“太史遷，曰實錄(lu)。”“子長多愛(ai)(ai)(ai)，愛(ai)(ai)(ai)奇也。”正因(yin)為司(si)馬遷的(de)“實錄(lu)”精神和“愛(ai)(ai)(ai)奇”思想(xiang)，不以成敗論英雄，才刻畫出具有鮮明個性的(de)項(xiang)羽(yu)形象。而鴻門宴是項(xiang)羽(yu)一生成敗的(de)一個重(zhong)要節點，因(yin)此司(si)馬遷濃(nong)墨重(zhong)彩(cai)地再現(xian)了這一事件。