介紹
赤峰(feng)境(jing)內被國(guo)家考古(gu)(gu)界命名的(de)(de)原(yuan)始人類文(wen)(wen)化類型有興隆(long)洼文(wen)(wen)化、趙寶溝(gou)文(wen)(wen)化、紅山文(wen)(wen)化、富河文(wen)(wen)化、小河沿文(wen)(wen)化、夏家店下層文(wen)(wen)化。從(cong)考古(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘出來(lai)的(de)(de)石器(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)、青銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)生產(chan)生活器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)證明,早在8千(qian)余年(nian)前境(jing)內的(de)(de)原(yuan)始先民已經過(guo)著(zhu)原(yuan)始農(nong)耕、漁獵和(he)畜牧的(de)(de)定居生活。赤峰(feng)市種植(zhi)谷子歷史悠久(jiu),2003年(nian)在興隆(long)溝(gou)遺址出土了距今(jin)8000年(nian)的(de)(de)栗和(he)黍(shu)的(de)(de)碳化顆粒標本,經加拿大、英(ying)國(guo)和(he)我國(guo)的(de)(de)研究機構用C14等(deng)手段鑒(jian)定論證后,認為是(shi)人工栽培形態最(zui)早的(de)(de)谷物(wu)(wu),由此推斷赤峰(feng)敖(ao)漢地區是(shi)中國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代旱作農(nong)業起源(yuan)地,也是(shi)橫跨歐亞(ya)大陸(lu)旱作農(nong)業的(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地。赤峰(feng)市志記載:遼史記載:“保寧七年(nian)(976),漢有宋(song)兵,使來(lai)乞糧(liang),詔賜(si)粟二十萬斛助之(zhi)”。
自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:赤(chi)峰市(shi)積極發展雜糧(liang)種植產業,在(zai)現有(you)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積1600萬畝的(de)基礎上,雜糧(liang)播種面(mian)(mian)(mian)積常年穩定在(zai)800萬畝左右,居(ju)全(quan)國之(zhi)首。赤(chi)峰地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處大(da)興(xing)安(an)嶺南段(duan)和(he)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),分布在(zai)西(xi)(xi)拉(la)木倫河南北(bei)與(yu)老(lao)(lao)哈河流(liu)域廣大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),呈(cheng)三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di)(di),多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌特征。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約占(zhan)(zhan)赤(chi)峰市(shi)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)42%;丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)約占(zhan)(zhan)24%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)9%;平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約占(zhan)(zhan)25%。大(da)體分為(wei)(wei)四個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)區(qu)(qu):北(bei)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu);南部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu);西(xi)(xi)部高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu);東(dong)部平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu),海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)300-2000米。東(dong)部在(zai)西(xi)(xi)拉(la)木倫河與(yu)老(lao)(lao)哈河匯流(liu)處大(da)興(xing)三(san)角地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)不足300米,為(wei)(wei)赤(chi)峰市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢最低(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶;西(xi)(xi)部克旗、郊(jiao)區(qu)(qu)和(he)河北(bei)省圍場縣交界處的(de)大(da)光頂子山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2067米,為(wei)(wei)赤(chi)峰市(shi)第(di)一高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)峰。主要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)有(you)大(da)興(xing)安(an)嶺南段(duan),努魯(lu)兒(er)虎(hu)和(he)七老(lao)(lao)圖三(san)條山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)。赤(chi)峰市(shi)的(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源特點是(shi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處內蒙古高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)松遼平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,北(bei)部為(wei)(wei)大(da)興(xing)安(an)嶺南段(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系的(de)七老(lao)(lao)圖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屏于西(xi)(xi)部,努魯(lu)爾虎(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)呈(cheng)于東(dong)南側,構(gou)成(cheng)了三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)半環(huan)(huan)形(xing),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di)(di),海(hai)拔一般在(zai)500—1500米之(zhi)間,海(hai)拔最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)2067米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌形(xing)態可分為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、熔巖(yan)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)、沙丘(qiu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。其(qi)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積占(zhan)(zhan)17.74%;高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)5.72%;熔巖(yan)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)3.21%;低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)19.44%;黃土(tu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)占(zhan)(zhan)22.9%;河谷平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)8.17%;沙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占(zhan)(zhan)23.3%。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:全市水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)42.7億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),有(you)烏力吉(ji)木淪河(he)(he)(he)(he)、西拉(la)沐淪河(he)(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)(ha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、敖來河(he)(he)(he)(he)、灤河(he)(he)(he)(he)、大(da)凌河(he)(he)(he)(he)六條(tiao)外流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系和內(nei)陸(lu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系共308條(tiao)大(da)小河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu),72處天(tian)然(ran)湖(hu)泊(bo)。最大(da)的湖(hu)泊(bo)為(wei)達(da)里諾爾湖(hu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)面面積為(wei)35.7萬畝(mu)(mu)。地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)32.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采(cai)10億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。人(ren)均(jun)占有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)670立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。耕地畝(mu)(mu)均(jun)占有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)323.7立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。西遼(liao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)的兩條(tiao)主要支流(liu)西拉(la)沐淪河(he)(he)(he)(he)、老哈(ha)(ha)河(he)(he)(he)(he)都在赤峰境內(nei),大(da)小干支流(liu)達(da)40余(yu)條(tiao),有(you)達(da)里諾爾等湖(hu)泊(bo)58處,地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)32.7億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)可采(cai)集量(liang)(liang)為(wei)10億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:赤(chi)峰市屬中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)半干(gan)旱大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。冬(dong)季(ji)漫長而寒冷,春季(ji)干(gan)旱多大(da)風,夏季(ji)短促炎熱、雨水集中(zhong),秋季(ji)短促、氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)快、霜凍降(jiang)臨早。大(da)部(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)0—7℃,最冷月(yue)(1月(yue))平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)-10℃左右,極(ji)端最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-27℃;最熱月(yue)(7月(yue))平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)20—24℃之間。年(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)地(di)(di)理(li)分(fen)布受地(di)(di)形影響(xiang)十分(fen)明(ming)顯(xian),不同地(di)(di)區(qu)差別(bie)很大(da),有300—500毫米不等。大(da)部(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2700—3100小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。每當5—9月(yue)天空無云(yun)時(shi)(shi)(shi),日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)數可長達12—14小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。
地域范圍
赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)端(duan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)遼(liao)河(he)(he)上游,大興安(an)嶺(ling)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)段山脈與燕山北(bei)(bei)麓(lu)山地(di)(di)、內(nei)蒙古高原、西(xi)(xi)(xi)遼(liao)河(he)(he)平原的復合截接部(bu)位。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao):北(bei)(bei)緯41°17'10"-45°24'15",東(dong)(dong)經116°21'07"-120°58'52"。總面(mian)積(ji)為90021平方公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)最(zui)寬375公(gong)(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)最(zui)長457.5公(gong)(gong)里。東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)與遼(liao)寧省(sheng)朝陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤,西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)與河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)承德地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)交界(jie),西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)和北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)錫林郭(guo)勒盟接連,東(dong)(dong)與通(tong)遼(liao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)毗鄰。赤峰(feng)小米(mi)農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)為赤峰(feng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)12旗縣區(qu)(qu)132個蘇木(鄉鎮),2014年赤峰(feng)谷子播(bo)種面(mian)積(ji)96344公(gong)(gong)頃,總產(chan)(chan)量為238610噸(dun),單產(chan)(chan)為2477公(gong)(gong)斤/公(gong)(gong)頃。
品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感(gan)官(guan)特征:赤峰的(de)氣候(hou)條件決定了根植于(yu)赤峰旱(han)坡地的(de)粟耐干旱(han)、抗倒伏、適應性強、品質(zhi)優良等特點,致使(shi)當地谷子(粟)加工后的(de)小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)顆粒大、粒徑約為(wei)1.0-1.5毫米(mi)(mi),粒呈圓形、晶瑩透明,小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)適口性好、營養豐富、金(jin)黃馨香。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:赤峰的(de)(de)小米(mi)富含(han)人體所需的(de)(de)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、維生素(su)、微量(liang)元素(su),蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)8.65~11.4g/100g;維生素(su)B1含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.31~0.48mg/100g;維生素(su)B6含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.04~0.05mg/100g;維生素(su)E含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.79~1.32mg/100g;葉酸含(han)量(liang)為(wei)23.8~34.1μg/100g;磷含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)176~290mg/100g;鉀含(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)183~255mg/100g;營養豐(feng)(feng)富,質(zhi)純(chun)味正,香(xiang)軟可口(kou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平衡膳食(shi)(shi)、調(diao)節口(kou)味的(de)(de)理想食(shi)(shi)品,也非常適合懷(huai)孕(yun)期婦女(nv)及產后(hou)進補食(shi)(shi)用。正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)赤峰的(de)(de)小米(mi)適口(kou)性好(hao)、營養豐(feng)(feng)富,金黃馨香(xiang)的(de)(de)小米(mi)粥成為(wei)女(nv)人哺(bu)乳、老人患病、嬰兒斷奶的(de)(de)首選食(shi)(shi)物。