勞動(dong)合同有(you)什么用？勞動(dong)合同簽(qian)訂要注意什么？

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同是(shi)(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法律關系的(de)(de)法律事實(shi)，是(shi)(shi)建立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的(de)(de)基本(ben)形式。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)同用人單位訂(ding)立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，對于(yu)保(bao)障勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)法權益，合(he)(he)理使用勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，增(zeng)強(qiang)企業活力(li)(li)，發(fa)揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)和創造性(xing)，提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率，促(cu)進社(she)會主(zhu)義現代化建設，都(dou)有重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)作(zuo)用主(zhu)要表現在(zai)以下(xia)幾方面：

(1)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)保障(zhang)(zhang)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者獲得職業(ye)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利。它(ta)是勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者生存的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利。我國(guo)憲法規(gui)定(ding)：“中華(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)公民(min)有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利和(he)(he)(he)義(yi)務(wu)。”國(guo)家通過憲法和(he)(he)(he)法律保障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同是保障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)法律形式。它(ta)可以將國(guo)家規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)客觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)變為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)主觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者訂立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同，意味著勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在(zai)合(he)(he)同期限內(nei)獲得有保障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)工作，用人單位不得無故解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同。國(guo)家通過促(cu)進經濟(ji)和(he)(he)(he)社會發(fa)展(zhan)，創造就業(ye)條件，擴大就業(ye)機(ji)會，保障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)是用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位合(he)(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力、鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律、提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產率的重要手(shou)段。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位可(ke)以(yi)根據生(sheng)產經營或工(gong)作(zuo)需要確定(ding)招收錄用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的時間、條件、方式和數(shu)量，并且通(tong)過(guo)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽訂不(bu)同(tong)類型、不(bu)同(tong)期限的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，發(fa)揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的專長(chang)，做到人(ren)(ren)盡其才，合(he)(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位享有依法訂立、變(bian)更(geng)、解除(chu)、終(zhong)止勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的自(zi)主權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)能(neng)進(jin)能(neng)出，可(ke)以(yi)促進(jin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力流動(dong)(dong)(dong)，優化勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力資源配(pei)置。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)規(gui)定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)必須遵守其所在單(dan)位內部勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)規(gui)則和其他規(gui)章制(zhi)度，有利于鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律。簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的目(mu)的之(zhi)一是為(wei)了提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產率。只要用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位認真履行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，就能(neng)調動(dong)(dong)(dong)廣大勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)積極(ji)性(xing)，促進(jin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生(sheng)產率的提(ti)高。

(3)勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)(tong)是減(jian)少和(he)防止發生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)的重要措施(shi)。在我(wo)國社會主義(yi)制度下(xia)，勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)同(tong)(tong)用人單位的根本利(li)益是一(yi)致的，但(dan)是由于種種原因也會產(chan)生(sheng)矛盾，發生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)。簽(qian)訂勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)(tong)，明確規定當事人雙(shuang)方的權(quan)利(li)和(he)義(yi)務，有助于提高雙(shuang)方履行合同(tong)(tong)的自覺性，促使他們(men)正(zheng)確地(di)行使權(quan)利(li)，嚴(yan)格地(di)履行義(yi)務。這樣，就可(ke)以減(jian)少和(he)防止發生(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞(lao)動合(he)同簽訂的(de)時間(jian)

自用(yong)工之日(ri)起(qi)一(yi)個月內訂(ding)(ding)立書面勞(lao)動(dong)合同即可。否則用(yong)人單位須向(xiang)勞(lao)動(dong)者支付雙倍工資。自用(yong)工之日(ri)起(qi)超過一(yi)年未與勞(lao)動(dong)者簽訂(ding)(ding)書面勞(lao)動(dong)合同的，視為雙方已經形成無固定期(qi)限勞(lao)動(dong)合同。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)有三種：有固定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)、無(wu)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)和以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)為(wei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。所以(yi)用人(ren)單(dan)位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者在簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)時(shi)要根據雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)來協商確定(ding)(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。同(tong)時(shi)，如果有約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是包含(han)在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)，若勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)僅約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)成(cheng)立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。并(bing)且以(yi)完(wan)成(cheng)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)為(wei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)或者勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)不(bu)滿3個月的(de)(de)(de)(de)，依照(zhao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)法(fa)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)該情形不(bu)得(de)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

三、對非全日(ri)制(zhi)用(yong)工要特別注意

1、非全日制勞(lao)動者在同(tong)一用人單位一般平(ping)均每日工(gong)作時(shi)間不超(chao)過(guo)4小時(shi)。每周工(gong)作時(shi)間累計不超(chao)過(guo)24小時(shi)。

2、非(fei)全日(ri)制用工不得約定試(shi)用期。

3、非全日制用工(gong)小(xiao)時計酬標準(zhun)不(bu)得(de)低(di)于(yu)最低(di)小(xiao)時工(gong)資標準(zhun)。

4、非全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)用工勞(lao)動(dong)報酬結算(suan)支付周期最長不得(de)超過15日(ri)。

5、用人單位必(bi)須(xu)為勞動(dong)者繳納工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險，否則(ze)發生工(gong)傷(shang)事故則(ze)要(yao)承擔相(xiang)關責(ze)任。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一、聘任和解聘的(de)問題

對于高級管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)聘(pin)任和解(jie)聘(pin)不同(tong)于一般(ban)的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)者，他主要(yao)是由《公(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)》等(deng)法(fa)律(lv)專門規定的(de)，如依(yi)照公(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)規定未經用(yong)人(ren)單位董事會的(de)決議(yi)，用(yong)人(ren)單位是無權直接聘(pin)任或解(jie)聘(pin)高級管理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)。所以在(zai)簽訂(ding)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)規定明確(que)，以便和普通員(yuan)(yuan)工的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)區別開(kai)來。

二、加班費問題

對于高級(ji)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員來說，其工作性質是(shi)與普(pu)通勞(lao)動者不同的(de)。在實務中，經常會(hui)有公司的(de)高級(ji)管(guan)理(li)人(ren)(ren)員離(li)職以后，向公司要求(qiu)給付加班費的(de)問(wen)題，所以用人(ren)(ren)單位在簽訂勞(lao)動合同時應注意解決(jue)這(zhe)個問(wen)題。

三、保密條款

由(you)于(yu)高級管理(li)人員(yuan)會接觸到用(yong)人單位的(de)商業(ye)秘密，所以為了防止高級管理(li)人員(yuan)將商業(ye)秘密泄露給(gei)他人損害用(yong)人單位的(de)利益，就需要在勞動合同中增加保(bao)密條(tiao)款，并且對(dui)違反保(bao)密條(tiao)款時應承擔的(de)責任做(zuo)好約定。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制是用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)對勞動(dong)者在用工(gong)時或終止、解除勞動(dong)合同后的(de)一定期限(xian)內(nei)不(bu)得經(jing)營同類業(ye)務或在與(yu)(yu)本單位(wei)(wei)有競(jing)爭關(guan)系的(de)其他用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)任(ren)職，也不(bu)得自己生(sheng)產與(yu)(yu)原單位(wei)(wei)有競(jing)爭關(guan)系的(de)同類產品或經(jing)營同類業(ye)務。為(wei)了更(geng)好的(de)保(bao)護用人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)利益(yi)，在與(yu)(yu)高級管理(li)人(ren)員簽(qian)訂的(de)勞動(dong)合同中根據實際情(qing)況(kuang)添加競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制條款。