【蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)】蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)比重 蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)配比
1.蓄電池電解液配比
(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)必須(xu)以化(hua)學(xue)純硫酸與(yu)蒸餾(liu)水配制而(er)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度一般(ban)為(wei)1.25-1.29g/cm3(15°c時)。工業用(yong)硫酸和一般(ban)的水,因含有鐵、銅等雜(za)質,會引起自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和極(ji)板損壞,不能用(yong)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)在加入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池時,其溫度須(xu)控制在21-32°c之間。
(2)電解(jie)(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)度的高低,應根(gen)據使用(yong)地(di)區的氣溫而定。室(shi)溫為(wei)(wei)30-40°c時,電解(jie)(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)度為(wei)(wei)1.270;20-30°c時,電解(jie)(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)度為(wei)(wei)1.280;20°c以(yi)下時,電解(jie)(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)度為(wei)(wei)1.290。
(3)配(pei)制電解(jie)液時,應(ying)將(jiang)硫酸緩緩倒入蒸餾(liu)水中(zhong),而不可(ke)將(jiang)蒸餾(liu)水倒人(ren)硫酸中(zhong),以免硫酸濺出傷害人(ren)體和腐(fu)蝕設備。
(4)蒸餾水(shui)(shui)的簡(jian)易檢(jian)測,用容量為(wei)1000ml的量杯(底部直徑為(wei)100mm),取500ml蒸餾水(shui)(shui),萬用電表調至(zhi)r×1kq擋(dang),將兩表棒貼在內壁插入水(shui)(shui)面,電阻值大于100kω時(shi),不能使(shi)用。
2.蓄電池電解液比重
(1)電解液注入蓄電池后,需測(ce)量電解液的高度(du),一般為(wei)10-15mm,然后將蓄電池(chi)靜置3-6h,待電解液溫度(du)低于35°c才(cai)能充(chong)電。
(2)蓄電池的充電。把蓄電池1導線插在充電機2上進行充電,蓄電池與充電機的正極與正極相接,負極與負極相接。當蓄電池電解液相對密度低于1.20(夏天)、1.24(冬天)或蓄電池放置時間過長時必須充電。結冰的蓄電池要先解凍,充電電流盡量小一些,不能大于3-5a,充電時間約3-4h。充電過程中,蓄電池單格電壓上升2.4v時,電解液開始出現較多的氣泡,這時應將充電電流減半。充電結束后,要進行放電試驗,以免出現硫化損壞的蓄電池只是表面充電,實際已不能用。所以充電前要觀察蓄電池若有硫化物沉凝時,應予更換。蓄電池電解液為強酸,應避免碰到皮膚、眼睛或衣服上,并注意以下事項:①不慎沾在皮膚上時,應以大量清水沖洗;②誤飲時,以大量清水或牛奶沖(chong)洗(xi)腸(chang)胃,并(bing)吞食蛋清或植物油;③近(jin)距離工作(zuo)時,應(ying)戴防護鏡,如不小心沾在眼睛(jing)上(shang)時,應(ying)以清水沖(chong)洗(xi),并(bing)涂敷眼藥(yao);④充電時會產(chan)生易(yi)燃(ran)氣體(ti),應(ying)避免火花(hua)接近(jin),而(er)且充電或作(zuo)業區應(ying)通(tong)風良好。
(3)干(gan)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),是采用干(gan)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板制成,注(zhu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)1h后(hou),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)起動車(che)輛。在(zai)急(ji)需的(de)(de)情況下,亦可(ke)(ke)在(zai)灌注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)后(hou),立即(ji)使用。正常(chang)使用時,如(ru)有充裕時間,可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行3-4h的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),這對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用性能更為(wei)有利。
(4)充(chong)完電后(hou)(hou),應(ying)用密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)計檢查電解(jie)液(ye)的相對密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du),并(bing)將電解(jie)液(ye)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)到相對密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)規定值。如偏低,可適(shi)當地補充(chong)相對密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.40的電解(jie)液(ye),反之,則補加(jia)蒸(zheng)餾水。調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)再(zai)充(chong)電2h,如相對密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)仍不符合(he)要求,可再(zai)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、再(zai)充(chong)電,直至符合(he)規定值為(wei)止。
3.補充充電
蓄電(dian)池(chi)在使用時(shi),如因充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)過低(di)或充電(dian)時(shi)間不足等(deng)原(yuan)因,出現以(yi)下情況時(shi),應及時(shi)補充充電(dian)。
(1)電解液相對密(mi)度下降(jiang)到1.20以下時(shi);
(2)燈光比平時(shi)暗淡(dan)及起(qi)動(dong)機運轉無力(非起(qi)動(dong)系(xi)或(huo)機械故(gu)障);
(3)蓄(xu)電(dian)池放電(dian)量超過25%(冬季)或50%(夏(xia)季)時。
(4)補充(chong)充(chong)電電流(liu)約為(wei)容量值的1/10,充(chong)電時間為(wei)10-11h(容量為(wei)9oah時充(chong)電電流(liu)為(wei)9a)。
(5)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)后,單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓為2.5-2.7v,2-3h內保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)壓不變為合(he)格(ge)。
4.蓄電池的檢查
(1)蓄(xu)電池電解(jie)液面的檢查。當蓄(xu)電池電解(jie)液低于下限(xian)時需添加蒸餾水(shui)或電解(jie)液,但不能超過最高位(wei)。
(2)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的檢查。用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢測(ce)(ce)儀1測(ce)(ce)量蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)2的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為110a時,其(qi)最低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應不低(di)于9.6v;在測(ce)(ce)量持續時間5-1os內,若蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于此(ci)值,表(biao)明蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)有(you)故障。
(3)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)檢查。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)用相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)計1進(jin)行測量,在20°c正常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況(kuang)下(xia)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)應為(wei)1.28,當相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)低于1.13時必須充電(dian)(dian)(dian);若相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)低于1.11,則必須更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液或(huo)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)后方能充電(dian)(dian)(dian);若在一(yi)個或(huo)兩個相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄰的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)格中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)明顯降低(如五個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)格相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)1.16,一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)格為(wei)1.08的情況(kuang)),則該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路,應更換(huan)。
蓄電池電解液的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度會隨溫度而變化,如20°c時(shi)蓄電池的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度1.28為合格;當30°c時(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度1.273為合格;當10°c時(shi)1.287為合格。觀察相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度計時(shi),眼睛(jing)必須與相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度計的(de)液面保持水(shui)平。