一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國家為了(le)保(bao)(bao)障職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合法權益而規(gui)定的(de)強制(zhi)性保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，用(yong)人單位具有為其員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)參(can)(can)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)并繳納(na)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)的(de)法定義務(wu)；根(gen)據大陸《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條例》相關(guan)規(gui)定，應當參(can)(can)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)而未參(can)(can)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)用(yong)人單位職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)，由該用(yong)人單位按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條例規(gui)定的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待(dai)遇專案和(he)標準支付費(fei)用(yong)。

而商(shang)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)具有自(zi)愿性，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位為其員工購(gou)(gou)買商(shang)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，一般認(ren)為屬(shu)于用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位給予員工的(de)福利待遇(yu)，并不能轉移(yi)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位承擔(dan)的(de)工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位如要想實(shi)現分散工傷(shang)(shang)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)目的(de)，可在(zai)理賠(pei)時與勞動(dong)者達成保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益轉讓(rang)協議，將保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益轉讓(rang)給用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位。或投保(bao)財產保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)主責(ze)(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)主責(ze)(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)被保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)物為企業對雇(gu)員在(zai)雇(gu)傭(yong)期間應承擔(dan)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)，受(shou)益人(ren)是(shi)雇(gu)主，所以保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)是(shi)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)給雇(gu)主，而且受(shou)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)和(he)條款的(de)保(bao)護。因此(ci)轉移(yi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償(chang)(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)應購(gou)(gou)買雇(gu)主責(ze)(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險是(shi)(shi)社會保(bao)險制(zhi)度的(de)重要組成部(bu)分，是(shi)(shi)國家和(he)(he)(he)社會為在(zai)生產、工(gong)作中遭受事故傷(shang)(shang)害和(he)(he)(he)患職(zhi)業性疾(ji)病的(de)勞(lao)動者及親屬提(ti)供醫療救治、生活保(bao)障、經(jing)濟補償、醫療和(he)(he)(he)職(zhi)業康復等(deng)物質幫助的(de)一種(zhong)社會保(bao)障制(zhi)度。意外傷(shang)(shang)害險是(shi)(shi)指人的(de)身體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)生命受到(dao)外來和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)可抗拒因素(su)的(de)意外傷(shang)(shang)害后，根據投保(bao)對雙方合同的(de)約定和(he)(he)(he)投保(bao)額，從保(bao)險公司(si)獲取相應的(de)賠償，二者并不(bu)相同。

首先，工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險是一(yi)種政府行為，而人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害險是一(yi)種商業行為。工(gong)(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)障水(shui)平一(yi)般僅滿足于(yu)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險人(ren)(ren)的(de)基本(ben)生(sheng)活需(xu)要(yao),高于(yu)社會貧困線，低(di)(di)于(yu)勞(lao)動期間(jian)的(de)工(gong)(gong)資標準；人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害險所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)障水(shui)平的(de)高低(di)(di)完全取決(jue)保(bao)(bao)險雙方當事人(ren)(ren)的(de)約定和投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)交(jiao)費的(de)多少而決(jue)定，投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)只要(yao)有繳費能(neng)力、身體健康狀況符(fu)合(he)合(he)同規定的(de)要(yao)求，投保(bao)(bao)金額不論多少都是可以的(de)。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由政府的勞動和社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障部門(men)(社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)機構)管理，具(ju)有強(qiang)制(zhi)性，如果用人單(dan)位違反規(gui)(gui)定不(bu)為職工購買工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)，將承(cheng)擔(dan)一定的社(she)會(hui)責任。依照《工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)條例》第六十二條規(gui)(gui)定，工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)具(ju)有社(she)會(hui)強(qiang)制(zhi)性而意(yi)外傷害(hai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)則屬于(yu)商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)，其規(gui)(gui)范調整(zheng)屬于(yu)商法部門(men)，不(bu)具(ju)有強(qiang)制(zhi)性，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的賠(pei)償金額可根(gen)據投保(bao)(bao)(bao)金額大(da)小(xiao)而不(bu)同，體現(xian)締約(yue)自由性。

再次，從繳費標(biao)準(zhun)看，工傷保(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇是根(gen)據(ju)社(she)會經濟(ji)發展水平和(he)承受能(neng)力，由政府制定統一的(de)繳費標(biao)準(zhun)。在支(zhi)付(fu)工傷保(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇時，要考(kao)慮(lv)工傷職工和(he)供養親屬的(de)基本生活需要。人(ren)身意外傷害險(xian)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)金額則(ze)是保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)和(he)投保(bao)人(ren)雙方約定的(de)，當發生保(bao)險(xian)事故時，保(bao)險(xian)人(ren)按合同(tong)(tong)規定的(de)金額一次性賠付(fu)保(bao)險(xian)金，其保(bao)障水平是依(yi)據(ju)合同(tong)(tong)和(he)投保(bao)人(ren)交納的(de)保(bao)險(xian)費多少而定的(de)，多投多保(bao)，少投少保(bao)，不投不保(bao)。

最后，從(cong)承擔責任的(de)主體看,建(jian)立工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)目的(de)是為了分散用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)承擔責任的(de)風(feng)險(xian)，調動(dong)社會(hui)(hui)力量以保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)損(sun)失減少，因此，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)在繳納一定數額保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金(jin)后，最后由國家統一管理的(de)社會(hui)(hui)基金(jin)支付賠償金(jin)。而人(ren)(ren)身意(yi)外傷(shang)害保(bao)(bao)險(xian)其(qi)賠償是由保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司從(cong)收取的(de)保(bao)(bao)費中支付。

根據勞(lao)動(dong)和(he)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障部辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)廳(ting)《關于參加(jia)(jia)商業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)后是(shi)否(fou)還應當參加(jia)(jia)工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復函(han)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關規(gui)定，工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要組成部分，是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)強制實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障制度。按照(zhao)勞(lao)動(dong)法第七(qi)十二(er)條“用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)者必須依法參加(jia)(jia)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，繳納社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，中國(guo)境(jing)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)無論是(shi)否(fou)參加(jia)(jia)了商業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，都(dou)必須按照(zhao)國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定參加(jia)(jia)工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)不能代(dai)替工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。企業(ye)在參加(jia)(jia)工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，可以根據本單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況(kuang)，為職工辦(ban)(ban)理人身(shen)(shen)意(yi)外傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)行為純粹(cui)屬于給員工的(de)(de)(de)(de)額外福(fu)利(li)，無法起到替代(dai)工傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。

綜(zong)上(shang)，職工在獲得(de)人身意(yi)外傷(shang)害險賠(pei)償(chang)后(hou)，仍可以主張工傷(shang)保險賠(pei)償(chang)。用人單位不能以職工已獲得(de)人身意(yi)外傷(shang)害賠(pei)償(chang)為由進行(xing)抗辯，職工可以同(tong)時得(de)到該兩種賠(pei)償(chang)。