一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國家為了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合法權(quan)益而規定(ding)(ding)的強(qiang)制性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，用(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有為其員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)并繳(jiao)納保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)費的法定(ding)(ding)義務(wu)；根據大陸(lu)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條例》相關規定(ding)(ding)，應(ying)當參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)而未(wei)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的用(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)的，由(you)該用(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)(wei)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條例規定(ding)(ding)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇專(zhuan)案(an)和標準支付費用(yong)。

而商業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)具有(you)自愿性，用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)為其員工(gong)購買(mai)商業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，一(yi)般認為屬于(yu)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)給予員工(gong)的(de)(de)福利(li)待(dai)遇(yu)，并不(bu)能轉(zhuan)移用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)。用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)如(ru)要(yao)想(xiang)實現分散工(gong)傷風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，可(ke)在(zai)理賠(pei)時與勞動者達成保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益(yi)轉(zhuan)讓協議，將保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益(yi)轉(zhuan)讓給用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)。或投保(bao)(bao)財產保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇主(zhu)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇主(zhu)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)物為企業對雇員在(zai)雇傭期間應(ying)承(cheng)擔(dan)的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償(chang)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)，受益(yi)人是(shi)雇主(zhu)，所以保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)是(shi)賠(pei)償(chang)給雇主(zhu)，而且(qie)受法(fa)律(lv)和條款的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護。因此轉(zhuan)移法(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償(chang)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)購買(mai)雇主(zhu)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)是社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分，是國家和(he)社(she)會(hui)為在生(sheng)產(chan)、工作中遭(zao)受事故傷害(hai)和(he)患職(zhi)業性(xing)疾(ji)病的(de)勞動者及親屬提供醫療(liao)(liao)救治、生(sheng)活保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、經濟補(bu)償、醫療(liao)(liao)和(he)職(zhi)業康(kang)復等物質幫助的(de)一種社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)。意外(wai)傷害(hai)險(xian)是指人的(de)身體和(he)生(sheng)命受到外(wai)來(lai)和(he)不(bu)可(ke)抗拒因(yin)素(su)的(de)意外(wai)傷害(hai)后(hou)，根據投保(bao)(bao)(bao)對雙方(fang)合同的(de)約定和(he)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)額，從保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司(si)獲(huo)取相(xiang)應的(de)賠償，二者并不(bu)相(xiang)同。

首先(xian)，工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)是一(yi)(yi)種政府行(xing)為，而(er)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)是一(yi)(yi)種商業行(xing)為。工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)所(suo)(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)平一(yi)(yi)般僅滿足于(yu)被保(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)基(ji)本生活需要(yao),高(gao)于(yu)社(she)會貧(pin)困線，低(di)于(yu)勞動期間的(de)(de)工資(zi)標準(zhun)；人(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)所(suo)(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)完全取(qu)決保(bao)險(xian)(xian)雙方當事人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)約(yue)定和(he)投保(bao)人(ren)(ren)交費的(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)而(er)決定，投保(bao)人(ren)(ren)只要(yao)有繳費能(neng)力、身(shen)體(ti)健康(kang)狀況符合(he)合(he)同規定的(de)(de)要(yao)求，投保(bao)金額不論多(duo)少(shao)都(dou)是可以的(de)(de)。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由(you)(you)政府的勞動和社(she)會保(bao)障部門(社(she)會保(bao)險(xian)機(ji)構)管理，具(ju)有強制(zhi)性(xing)(xing)，如(ru)果(guo)用(yong)人單(dan)位違反規定(ding)(ding)不(bu)為(wei)職工(gong)(gong)購買(mai)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)，將承(cheng)擔一定(ding)(ding)的社(she)會責任。依(yi)照《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條例》第(di)六十二(er)條規定(ding)(ding)，工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)險(xian)具(ju)有社(she)會強制(zhi)性(xing)(xing)而意外傷(shang)(shang)害保(bao)險(xian)則(ze)屬(shu)于(yu)商業保(bao)險(xian)，其規范調整屬(shu)于(yu)商法部門，不(bu)具(ju)有強制(zhi)性(xing)(xing)，保(bao)險(xian)的賠償金(jin)額可根據(ju)投(tou)保(bao)金(jin)額大小(xiao)而不(bu)同，體現締約自由(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)。

再次，從繳(jiao)費(fei)標準看，工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待遇是根據(ju)社(she)會經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)(he)(he)承受能力(li)，由政府制(zhi)定(ding)統一(yi)的繳(jiao)費(fei)標準。在支付工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待遇時，要考(kao)慮(lv)工(gong)傷(shang)職工(gong)和(he)(he)(he)供養親(qin)屬的基本生(sheng)(sheng)活需要。人(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)害險(xian)(xian)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金(jin)額則是保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)雙方約定(ding)的，當(dang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故時，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)按合(he)同規定(ding)的金(jin)額一(yi)次性賠付保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金(jin)，其保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障水(shui)平(ping)是依據(ju)合(he)同和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)交納(na)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)多(duo)少而定(ding)的，多(duo)投(tou)多(duo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，少投(tou)少保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)不保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

最后(hou)，從承(cheng)擔(dan)責任的(de)(de)主體看,建立工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)是(shi)為了分(fen)散用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)承(cheng)擔(dan)責任的(de)(de)風險(xian)，調動(dong)社(she)會(hui)力量以保(bao)(bao)證用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)損失減少，因此，用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)在繳(jiao)納一定數額保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金后(hou)，最后(hou)由(you)國家(jia)統一管理的(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)基金支付賠償金。而人身意外傷(shang)害保(bao)(bao)險(xian)其賠償是(shi)由(you)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)司從收取的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)費中支付。

根據(ju)勞(lao)動(dong)和(he)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)辦公廳(ting)《關于參加(jia)商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后是(shi)否還應當參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問題的(de)復函》的(de)有關規定(ding)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)一個重要組成部(bu)分，是(shi)國家強制實(shi)施的(de)一項社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)制度。按(an)照勞(lao)動(dong)法第七十(shi)二條“用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)者必(bi)(bi)須(xu)依法參加(jia)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，繳納社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費”的(de)規定(ding)，中(zhong)國境(jing)內的(de)企業無論(lun)是(shi)否參加(jia)了商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，都必(bi)(bi)須(xu)按(an)照國家規定(ding)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不能(neng)代(dai)替工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。企業在參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)同時，可以根據(ju)本單位(wei)(wei)的(de)實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)，為職工(gong)(gong)(gong)辦理人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)行為純粹(cui)屬于給員工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)額外(wai)(wai)福利，無法起(qi)到替代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)功能(neng)。

綜上(shang)，職(zhi)工在獲得(de)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)害險(xian)賠償(chang)(chang)(chang)后，仍(reng)可以(yi)主(zhu)張工傷(shang)保險(xian)賠償(chang)(chang)(chang)。用人(ren)(ren)單位不(bu)能以(yi)職(zhi)工已獲得(de)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)害賠償(chang)(chang)(chang)為由進行抗辯，職(zhi)工可以(yi)同時(shi)得(de)到該兩種賠償(chang)(chang)(chang)。