滄海桑田:來自麻姑(gu)所述“曾見(jian)東海三次變為(wei)桑田”。
麻(ma)姑(gu)獻(xian)壽(shou)(shou):傳說有三(san)月三(san)日西王母壽(shou)(shou)辰,麻(ma)姑(gu)于絳珠河(he)邊以靈(ling)芝(zhi)釀酒祝(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)的故(gu)事。過去中國(guo)民間為(wei)女性(xing)祝(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)多贈麻(ma)姑(gu)像(xiang),取名麻(ma)姑(gu)獻(xian)壽(shou)(shou)。
東晉(jin)時(shi)期,《神仙傳·王遠》記載:“麻姑降(jiang)于(yu)(yu)蔡(cai)經(jing)家,自言(yan)曾(ceng)見(jian)(jian)東海三次變為(wei)桑田,蓬(peng)萊之水(shui)也淺于(yu)(yu)舊時(shi),或許又將(jiang)變為(wei)平(ping)地。她的(de)手纖細如鳥爪(zhua),蔡(cai)經(jing)見(jian)(jian)后(hou)曾(ceng)想(xiang):“背大癢時(shi),當以此爪(zhua)爬背,當佳”。”
唐(tang)朝時(shi)期,《撫州南(nan)城縣(xian)麻(ma)姑(gu)山仙(xian)壇(tan)記》也記載了《神仙(xian)傳》里麻(ma)姑(gu)的(de)說法,并提(ti)到:“按(an)《圖(tu)經(jing)》,南(nan)城縣(xian)有(you)(you)麻(ma)姑(gu)山,頂有(you)(you)古壇(tan),相傳云麻(ma)姑(gu)于此得道”。
宋(song)朝時期,《夷堅丙(bing)志(zhi)·卷四》記載:“(四川(chuan))青城山相去三十里.有麻姑洞.相傳云(yun)亦姑修(xiu)真處也”。
清朝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期,《古今圖書集成(cheng)·神(shen)異(yi)(yi)典·卷二百(bai)三十(shi)(shi)七(qi)·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中(zhong)(zhong)引(yin)《登(deng)州(zhou)府(fu)志》記(ji)載:“按(an)(an)《續文獻(xian)通(tong)考》:麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)(hou)趙石勒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女,其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)猛悍,人(ren)畏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。嘗筑城晝夜(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)止,雞鳴乃(nai)息。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢,有(you)(you)恤民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。假作雞鳴,群雞效聲(sheng),眾工(gong)乃(nai)止。父(fu)覺欲撻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),女懼而(er)逃入石洞(dong)(dong)修(xiu)道。后(hou)(hou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)城北石橋(qiao)飛(fei)升。追者不(bu)(bu)(bu)及。名(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)洞(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):仙姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞(dong)(dong)。橋(qiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):望仙橋(qiao)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)寧(ning)國府(fu)東(dong),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗脩(xiu)道于(yu)(yu)(yu)此,丹(dan)灶尚存。又(you)嘗居建昌(chang)山(shan)(shan),故(gu)亦號(hao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元中(zhong)(zhong),立(li)廟壇側(ce),累(lei)封虛寂沖應(ying)真人(ren)。夷堅志曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):劉(liu)氏鯉(li)堂(tang)前(qian)有(you)(you)大(da)槐(huai)。忽(hu)(hu)夢(meng)一女官,自稱麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此樹脩(xiu)廟,劉(liu)漫許(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既寤,異(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)。后(hou)(hou)數(shu)日(ri),風(feng)雨(yu)大(da)作。失槐(huai)所在(zai),即(ji)詣麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟,視(shi)槐(huai)已(yi)臥其(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian),重和中(zhong)(zhong)賜。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):顯(xian)異(yi)(yi)。又(you)按(an)(an),此麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)兩人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女是(shi)東(dong)晉(jin)十(shi)(shi)六國時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期后(hou)(hou)趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋的女兒(er),與《神(shen)仙傳(chuan)》里(li)描(miao)述的東(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期降于(yu)(yu)(yu)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)家的女仙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋是(shi)兩個人(ren)。)《欽定(ding)古今圖書集成(cheng)·子(zi)(zi)部·神(shen)仙傳(chuan)·王遠》記(ji)載:”王遠,字(zi)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping),欲東(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)括蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan),過吳蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)家,教其(qi)(qi)(qi)尸解(jie)如蛻(tui)蟬(chan)也(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)去十(shi)(shi)余(yu)年,忽(hu)(hu)還。語家言(yan)(yan)七(qi)月(yue)七(qi)日(ri),王君當來(lai)(lai)過,到期日(ri),方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)乘羽(yu)車(che),駕(jia)五龍,各(ge)異(yi)(yi)色(se)。旌旗(qi)導從,威儀赫奕如大(da)將(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。既至,坐(zuo)須臾(yu),引(yin)見(jian)(jian)(jian)經(jing)(jing)父(fu)兄。因(yin)遣人(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞(wen)(wen),亦莫知(zhi)(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)何神(shen)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)王方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)敬(jing)報久不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),民間今來(lai)(lai)在(zai)此,想(xiang)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能(neng)暫(zan)(zan)來(lai)(lai)否(fou)。有(you)(you)頃(qing),信(xin)還。但聞(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)語,不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)所使(shi)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)。忽(hu)(hu)已(yi)五百(bai)余(yu)年,尊卑有(you)(you)序,修(xiu)敬(jing)無階,思念(nian)久煩,信(xin)承在(zai)彼。登(deng)山(shan)(shan)巔而(er)先(xian)被記(ji),當按(an)(an)行(xing)(xing)(xing)蓬(peng)萊,今欲暫(zan)(zan)往。如是(shi)便還,還即(ji)親(qin)覲愿,不(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)去。如此兩時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),間麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai)(lai),來(lai)(lai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦先(xian)聞(wen)(wen)人(ren)馬聲(sheng),既至從官當半于(yu)(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing),亦舉(ju)家見(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)好女子(zi)(zi),年十(shi)(shi)八九(jiu)許(xu)。頂中(zhong)(zhong)作髻(ji),余(yu)發垂至腰,其(qi)(qi)(qi)衣有(you)(you)文章,而(er)非錦繡(xiu),光(guang)彩耀目(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)名(ming)。字(zi)皆世間所無有(you)(you)也(ye)(ye),得見(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)為起立(li),坐(zuo)定(ding),各(ge)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)廚金盤(pan)、玉(yu)杯、無限美膳,多是(shi)諸(zhu)華。而(er)香氣達于(yu)(yu)(yu)內外(wai)。擘(bo)麟脯行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自言(yan)(yan)接待以(yi)來(lai)(lai),已(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)東(dong)海(hai)三為桑(sang)田,向到蓬(peng)萊水(shui)又(you)淺于(yu)(yu)(yu)往昔,會時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)略半也(ye)(ye)。豈將(jiang)復(fu)(fu)為陵陸乎。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),圣人(ren)皆言(yan)(yan)海(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)復(fu)(fu)揚塵(chen)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲見(jian)(jian)(jian)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)母及婦等(deng),時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)弟婦新產數(shu)十(shi)(shi)日(ri),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望見(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噫,且止勿前(qian)。即(ji)求(qiu)少許(xu)米來(lai)(lai),得米便以(yi)擲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),墜地即(ji)成(cheng)丹(dan)砂。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)年少,吾老矣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)喜(xi)復(fu)(fu)作此狡(jiao)獪(kuai)變化也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似鳥(niao)爪(zhua)(zhua),蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)心中(zhong)(zhong)念(nian)言(yan)(yan),背(bei)癢時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),得此爪(zhua)(zhua)以(yi)爬(pa)背(bei)乃(nai)佳也(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)心中(zhong)(zhong)念(nian)言(yan)(yan),即(ji)使(shi)人(ren)牽經(jing)(jing),鞭(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者,神(shen)人(ren)。汝(ru)何忽(hu)(hu)謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)爪(zhua)(zhua)可(ke)以(yi)爬(pa)背(bei)耶。見(jian)(jian)(jian)鞭(bian)著經(jing)(jing)背(bei),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)人(ren)持鞭(bian)者。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)告(gao)經(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),吾鞭(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)妄得也(ye)(ye)。“
葛洪(hong)(東(dong)晉)《神仙傳·王(wang)遠》
顏真卿(唐)《撫州南城縣麻姑山仙壇記》
洪邁(宋)《夷堅丙志·卷四》
永瑢等(deng)(清(qing))《欽定古今圖書(shu)集成·子部·神(shen)仙傳·王(wang)遠》
陳夢(meng)雷(清)《古今(jin)圖書集成·神異典·卷二百三十七·麻姑》