閻羅天(tian)子包拯,前本居(ju)第一殿,因(yin)憐屈(qu)死,屢放還陽伸(shen)雪,降調此(ci)殿。司掌(zhang)叫喚大地(di)獄(yu)(yu),并十六(liu)誅心小獄(yu)(yu)。凡解到(dao)此(ci)殿者(zhe),押(ya)赴望鄉(xiang)臺,令之(zhi)聞(wen)見世上本家,因(yin)罪遭殃各事,隨即推入(ru)此(ci)獄(yu)(yu),細查(cha)曾(ceng)犯何惡,再發入(ru)誅心十六(liu)小獄(yu)(yu),鉤出(chu)其心,擲與(yu)蛇食,鍘其身(shen)首(包公即善于用鍘刀),受苦(ku)滿日,另(ling)發別殿。
十六誅心地獄分別為:
一、誅不(bu)敬鬼(gui)神、猜疑(yi)是否有因果(guo)報應的(de)心(xin)小地獄;
二、誅殺(sha)害生命的心(xin)小地獄;
三、誅將(jiang)善愿未完(wan)就犯惡的心小(xiao)地獄;
四、誅(zhu)親近罪惡、行為錯誤等惡行的心小地獄;
五(wu)、誅欺善(shan)怕惡、怨恨(hen)他人(ren)不快死的(de)心(xin)小地(di)獄;
六、誅計(ji)較名利、是非,移禍他(ta)人等心小地獄(yu);
七、誅強奸婦(fu)女(nv)、設計令婦(fu)女(nv)失貞、引誘婦(fu)女(nv)委屈地順從(cong)自己的淫(yin)意,或者不論有無謀害之意,與婦(fu)女(nv)貪戀淫(yin)樂(le)等(deng)心小地獄;
八、誅損人(ren)以(yi)利己等小心(xin)地獄;
九、誅慳貪不(bu)舍、不(bu)愿(yuan)布(bu)施、不(bu)顧別人(ren)面(mian)臨(lin)生(sheng)死(si)緊急之(zhi)困境等心(xin)小地獄;
十、誅偷竊、盜(dao)取別人財物,昧(mei)著良心,耍賴而(er)不還債(zhai)等心小地獄;
十一、誅忘恩負義、以仇報怨等心小地獄;
十二、好(hao)斗(dou)、好(hao)賭、好(hao)勝,以致牽連、拖累他人等(deng)心小地獄(yu);
十三、誅為了名利、欺騙、誘(you)惑大眾等心小(xiao)地獄;
十四、誅自己雖未親(qin)自加害(hai),但卻狠毒地(di)(di)教唆(suo)他(ta)人去(qu)害(hai)人等心(xin)小地(di)(di)獄;
十五、誅妒嫉善良、賢能等心小(xiao)地獄;
十六(liu)、誅執(zhi)迷(mi)不悟、死不改過(guo)、誹(fei)謗他人等心小地(di)獄(yu)。
據東晉時期佛陀(tuo)耶舍、竺佛念譯(yi)《長阿含經(jing)》世(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)經(jing)第(di)三(san)十(shi)章(zhang),記(ji)載:佛告諸比丘。如(ru)(ru)一(yi)日月周(zhou)行四(si)(si)(si)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)。光明(ming)所(suo)照。如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界中(zhong)有千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)日月、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)須彌山(shan)王(wang)(wang)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)海水、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)海、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)龍(long)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)龍(long)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)金(jin)翅(chi)鳥、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)金(jin)翅(chi)鳥、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)惡(e)(e)道、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)惡(e)(e)道、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)王(wang)(wang)、四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)、七千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)樹、八千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)泥(ni)犁(li)、十(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)山(shan)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)閻(yan)羅王(wang)(wang)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)忉(dao)利(li)天(tian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)焰摩(mo)天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)兜率天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)化自(zi)在(zai)天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)他化自(zi)在(zai)天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)梵(fan)天(tian)。是(shi)(shi)為(wei)小(xiao)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界,如(ru)(ru)一(yi)小(xiao)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。爾所(suo)小(xiao)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。是(shi)(shi)為(wei)中(zhong)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。如(ru)(ru)一(yi)中(zhong)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。爾所(suo)中(zhong)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。是(shi)(shi)為(wei)三(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界。如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界周(zhou)匝成敗。眾生(sheng)所(suo)居(ju)名一(yi)佛剎。(注(zhu)釋:《長阿含經(jing)》的(de)(de)(de)原文(wen)是(shi)(shi)梵(fan)文(wen),記(ji)載了佛陀(tuo)釋迦(jia)牟尼生(sheng)平事跡(ji),佛教說法的(de)(de)(de)教旨內容,后經(jing)佛陀(tuo)耶舍、竺佛念譯(yi),陳(chen)永革進行漢譯(yi)。原文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)閻(yan)羅王(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)與閻(yan)浮提洲“千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)忉(dao)利(li)天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)焰摩(mo)天(tian)、千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)兜率天(tian)”等并列的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)神(shen)一(yi)類,王(wang)(wang)宮在(zai)閻(yan)浮提南大(da)(da)金(jin)剛(gang)山(shan)內,并且只(zhi)有一(yi)位閻(yan)羅,職務不明(ming)。)
據南宋時期郭憲所撰《洞冥記》記載:昔(xi)包(bao)老(lao)閻(yan)羅(luo)(luo),原居一殿,因他過(guo)于慈悲,憐憫(min)屈(qu)死(si)之人(ren),及未了(le)善愿之人(ren),屢放(fang)回陽,故上帝降調,令居于大(da)(da)海(hai)之底,東北沃燋石下,司(si)掌五殿,后因功(gong)大(da)(da)封為閻(yan)羅(luo)(luo)天子,權重位尊,仍將(jiang)望鄉臺移(yi)置(zhi)于此。”(注釋:大(da)(da)體意思是(shi)包(bao)拯本來是(shi)第一殿閻(yan)王,但是(shi)因他過(guo)于慈悲,憐憫(min)屈(qu)死(si)之人(ren),被玉帝降到第五殿,司(si)掌叫喚大(da)(da)地獄,此處的(de)叫喚大(da)(da)地獄不是(shi)卞(bian)城王的(de)那(nei)個。)
據元朝時(shi)期脫脫所(suo)撰《宋史(shi)·包拯(zheng)傳(chuan)》記載:童稚婦(fu)女(nv),亦(yi)知其名,呼曰(yue)(yue)包侍制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。京師(shi)為(wei)之語曰(yue)(yue):關節不到,有閻(yan)羅(luo)包老(lao)。舊制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),凡訟訴不得徑造庭下。拯(zheng)開正門(men),使(shi)得至前陳曲直,吏不敢欺。(注(zhu)釋:大體意(yi)思是(shi)包拯(zheng)在朝廷(ting)為(wei)人剛強堅毅,貴(gui)戚宦官因此(ci)較為(wei)收(shou)斂。小孩和(he)婦(fu)女(nv)叫他“包待(dai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,關系之所(suo)以打(da)不通,是(shi)因為(wei)有閻(yan)羅(luo)王和(he)包老(lao)頭(tou)。)