五(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun),為(wei)(wei)東南西(xi)北(bei)中(zhong)五(wu)(wu)方(fang)之天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神,一說為(wei)(wei)元始(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王所化。中(zhong)國(guo)個道(dao)派以三(san)清為(wei)(wei)始(shi),比如全真道(dao)以太上老(lao)(lao)(lao)君(jun)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),五(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)為(wei)(wei)元始(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。五(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)的名(ming)號分別為(wei)(wei)東方(fang)青(qing)帝(di)(di)青(qing)靈始(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)九炁(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)、南方(fang)赤帝(di)(di)丹靈真老(lao)(lao)(lao)三(san)炁(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)、中(zhong)央黃帝(di)(di)玄靈黃老(lao)(lao)(lao)一炁(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)、西(xi)方(fang)白帝(di)(di)皓(hao)靈皇(huang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)七(qi)炁(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)、北(bei)方(fang)黑(hei)帝(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)靈玄老(lao)(lao)(lao)五(wu)(wu)炁(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)君(jun)。
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)君(jun)是道(dao)教初期的五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方神靈,亦稱(cheng)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)”。 五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)君(jun)是歷代(dai)帝(di)王祭(ji)祀(si)的對象,“在天(tian)(tian)(tian)中則(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)上帝(di),在天(tian)(tian)(tian)文則(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)座及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星,在神靈則(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di),在山岳(yue)則(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)圣帝(di),在人(ren)身則(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臟神君(jun)”。他們與(yu)元始(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)一(yi)樣,非后天(tian)(tian)(tian)學而(er)得真者(zhe),為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)開辟(pi)之前(qian)的先天(tian)(tian)(tian)神靈,所(suo)以又稱(cheng)元始(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之始(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氣(qi)之祖(zu)。在道(dao)教神仙體(ti)系中,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)君(jun)沒有具(ju)體(ti)職司,但地(di)位崇尊(zun)。
以下五老對(dui)應(ying)泰山(shan)、衡山(shan)、嵩山(shan)、華山(shan)、恒山(shan)。
東方青(qing)靈始老天君,號稱東方木德青(qing)帝太昊伏羲(xi),木帝也(ye),其精星。下(xia)應泰山神仙;
南方丹靈真老(lao)天君,號稱南方火(huo)德(de)赤(chi)帝炎帝神農(nong),火(huo)帝也(ye),其精熒屏(ping),下(xia)應衡山神仙;
元(yuan)靈元(yuan)老君,中央土德黃帝(di)(di)軒轅,土帝(di)(di)也,其精(jing)鎮星,下應(ying)嵩山神仙;
西方(fang)豪(hao)靈皇帝老天君,號稱西方(fang)金德白(bai)(bai)帝金天少昊,金帝也,其精華太(tai)白(bai)(bai),下應華山神仙(xian);
北(bei)方五靈(ling)玄老天君,號稱北(bei)方水(shui)德黑帝朱旭,水(shui)帝也(ye),其精星,下應恒山神仙(xian)。
此外,還有(you)五(wu)(wu)老監真之稱:綿山(shan)是五(wu)(wu)方神會群仙之所(suo),因此善(shan)男(nan)信女建此殿(dian)供奉(feng)。
【東方青(qing)帝青(qing)靈始老九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)炁天君】號曰(yue)青(qing)帝。頭戴青(qing)精玉冠,衣(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氣(qi)(qi)青(qing)羽(yu)衣(yi)。常(chang)駕蒼龍,建鶉旗,從神甲乙,官將九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十萬人。上導九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)天之和氣(qi)(qi),下引九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)泉之流芳(fang),養二儀(yi)以(yi)長存,護陰陽以(yi)永(yong)昌。
【南方赤(chi)帝丹靈(ling)(ling)真老三炁天(tian)君】號曰赤(chi)帝。頭戴赤(chi)精玉冠,衣三氣丹羽飛衣。常駕丹龍,建朱旗(qi),從神丙丁,官將三十(shi)萬人。上導(dao)泰清(qing)玄元之(zhi)靈(ling)(ling)化,下和三氣之(zhi)陶镕,令萬物之(zhi)永存(cun),運天(tian)精之(zhi)南夏。
【中央黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)玄(xuan)靈(ling)黃(huang)(huang)老一炁天(tian)君】號曰黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)。頭戴黃(huang)(huang)精玉冠,衣(yi)五色飛(fei)衣(yi)。常駕黃(huang)(huang)龍,建黃(huang)(huang)旗,從神戊己,官將十二萬人。上等自(zi)然之和,下旋(xuan)五土之靈(ling),天(tian)地守以不(bu)虧,陰陽用之不(bu)傾。
【西方白帝皓靈皇(huang)老七(qi)(qi)炁天君】號曰(yue)白帝。頭戴白精玉冠(guan),衣白羽飛衣。常駕白龍,建(jian)素旗,從神(shen)庚辛,官將七(qi)(qi)十萬(wan)人。上(shang)導(dao)洪(hong)精于上(shang)天,下和眾生于靈衢。
【北方黑(hei)(hei)帝五(wu)靈玄(xuan)老五(wu)炁天君】號曰黑(hei)(hei)帝。頭戴玄(xuan)精玉冠,衣玄(xuan)羽飛衣。 常駕黑(hei)(hei)龍,建皂旗,從(cong)神壬癸,官將五(wu)十(shi)萬(wan)人。上(shang)導五(wu)帝之(zhi)流氣(qi),下(xia)拯生生之(zhi)眾(zhong)和,護二儀而不傾(qing),保群命以永安。