天(tian)(tian)津(jin)中山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地原為(wei)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)鹽(yan)商張霖瑩的(de)(de)思源莊(zhuang)。1907年(nian)(清(qing)光(guang)緒三(san)十三(san)年(nian)),中山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)建成,該公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)起大經路(今河(he)北(bei)區(qu)中山(shan)路),南至金鐘河(he)(現今已(yi)被(bei)填平),東(dong)臨(lin)昆緯路,西靠近(jin)北(bei)洋造幣總廠,共(gong)占地90余(yu)畝,初名“勸業會場”。1912年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)元(yuan)年(nian))更名為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)津(jin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)”,不久又(you)稱(cheng)為(wei)“河(he)北(bei)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)伐成功后(hou),國(guo)民(min)政府為(wei)紀念孫(sun)中山(shan)先生而(er)將公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)改稱(cheng)為(wei)現名,并將原來公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)邊的(de)(de)大經路改稱(cheng)為(wei)中山(shan)路至今。1919年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)8年(nian))6月(yue)9日(ri),天(tian)(tian)津(jin)各界人(ren)士在(zai)(zai)(zai)中山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)舉行大會,聲援北(bei)京愛國(guo)學生的(de)(de)五(wu)四運動,要求取消(xiao)喪權辱國(guo)的(de)(de)二(er)十一(yi)條,和(he)(he)拒絕在(zai)(zai)(zai)巴黎和(he)(he)約上簽字(zi)。1936年(nian)(民(min)國(guo)25年(nian))天(tian)(tian)津(jin)被(bei)日(ri)本占領,公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)又(you)改稱(cheng)為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)津(jin)第二(er)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)”。中華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)建國(guo)后(hou)恢(hui)復中山(shan)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)。
天津中(zhong)山(shan)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)建(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時(shi),其(qi)面積比(bi)現(xian)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)接近3倍。在(zai)這(zhe)個倘大(da)(da)(da)的公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)里,設計是(shi)以“西學(xue)東進,中(zhong)西合璧”為理(li)念,將(jiang)中(zhong)國傳統園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝(yi)術和西方建(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)結合起來。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和公共設施為基(ji)礎。早(zao)期(qi)(qi)的天津中(zhong)山(shan)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前門(men)(men)面臨大(da)(da)(da)經路(lu)(即現(xian)今十(shi)月影院大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)南食品(pin)街(jie)出口處),建(jian)立(li)(li)四柱牌樓,中(zhong)間橫匾寫有(you)(you)“勸業會場”四字。大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)內路(lu)面寬闊,兩(liang)側設有(you)(you)店鋪。二門(men)(men)為過街(jie)鐘(zhong)樓(現(xian)今中(zhong)山(shan)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正門(men)(men)處),樓上鑲嵌清朝(chao)國產(chan)自鳴(ming)鐘(zhong),報時(shi)的時(shi)候方圓數(shu)里都可(ke)以聽到其(qi)鐘(zhong)聲。再(zai)進園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)小湖和假山(shan),假山(shan)上矗立(li)(li)觀(guan)音雕像,手持寶瓶(ping)向下(xia)注水(shui),山(shan)下(xia)有(you)(you)水(shui)池(chi)承接,而(er)池(chi)畔有(you)(you)可(ke)噴水(shui)的石雕小像。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內遍植花(hua)木(mu),而(er)羊(yang)腸(chang)小徑(jing)在(zai)花(hua)木(mu)中(zhong)穿插。
日本(ben)侵(qin)華時期,天津中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園被日軍占據,并(bing)遭到嚴重破壞。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共和(he)國成立后公(gong)(gong)(gong)園雖屢加修(xiu)建(jian)(jian),但己不復(fu)早年(nian)(nian)的(de)容貌(mao)。戰后政府(fu)為紀念該市(shi)為國捐(juan)軀的(de)偉人(ren)烈(lie)士(shi),便在(zai)(zai)(zai)園內(nei)分(fen)別(bie)矗(chu)(chu)立“魏(wei)士(shi)毅女(nv)士(shi)紀念碑(bei)”、“天津十五烈(lie)士(shi)紀念碑(bei)”及“南(nan)皮張氏兩(liang)烈(lie)女(nv)碑(bei)等”。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1929年(nian)(nian)并(bing)于(yu)1984年(nian)(nian)復(fu)立于(yu)現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園西(xi)側(ce)的(de)“魏(wei)士(shi)毅女(nv)士(shi)紀念碑(bei)”和(he)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1931年(nian)(nian)并(bing)于(yu)1984年(nian)(nian)復(fu)立于(yu)現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園南(nan)側(ce)的(de)“天津十五烈(lie)士(shi)紀念碑(bei)”目前為天津市(shi)文(wen)物保護單位(wei),而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園亦(yi)被國家定為“革命歷(li)史紀念地(di)”。1996年(nian)(nian),為紀念孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生誕辰130周年(nian)(nian),天津市(shi)河北(bei)區人(ren)民政府(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)矗(chu)(chu)立孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)塑(su)像和(he)紀念碑(bei),碑(bei)陽為《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園記》,紀錄(lu)(lu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園的(de)歷(li)史沿革;碑(bei)陰為《孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)演講(jiang)辭》,紀錄(lu)(lu)孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生當年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園的(de)演說。
公園(yuan)初建時規(gui)模宏大,入門處有(you)觀世音雕(diao)像。門樓上裝(zhuang)國產報(bao)時自(zi)鳴鐘,報(bao)時之(zhi)聲傳及(ji)數里。園(yuan)內有(you)藝(yi)圃亭臺、土石假山,還有(you)禽(qin)獸動(dong)物(wu)。并(bing)設(she)有(you)圖書館、工(gong)商品陳列所(suo)、美術館等。
天津中(zhong)山(shan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)由中(zhong)國人設計(ji)和建造的(de)公(gong)共(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)。初名勸(quan)業會場,在(zai)設計(ji)上(shang)將中(zhong)國傳統造園(yuan)(yuan)藝術(shu)與西方(fang)建筑形式(shi)有(you)(you)機結合(he),有(you)(you)花園(yuan)(yuan),又有(you)(you)公(gong)共(gong)設施,既是(shi)娛樂(le)去處,又是(shi)公(gong)共(gong)活動(dong)場所(suo)。
天津十五烈士紀念碑
天(tian)(tian)津(jin)十五(wu)烈(lie)士紀念碑位(wei)于(yu)(yu)現中(zhong)(zhong)山公園南側(ce),它銘(ming)刻著大革(ge)命時(shi)期犧牲的(de)十五(wu)位(wei)英烈(lie)的(de)光(guang)輝(hui)事跡,記(ji)載(zai)了(le)第一(yi)次國共(gong)合作(zuo)時(shi)的(de)令人(ren)難忘的(de)一(yi)段歷史。 1931年,天(tian)(tian)津(jin)各界人(ren)士為(wei)紀念他們,在中(zhong)(zhong)山公園立(li)碑公祈。碑文中(zhong)(zhong)除記(ji)述十五(wu)烈(lie)士之外(wai),另(ling)將新軍閥(fa)混戰(zhan)時(shi)死(si)于(yu)(yu)1930年的(de)張志全、王(wang)弢樓二人(ren)補入(ru)(ru),成為(wei)“十七烈(lie)士”。國民黨這樣做,不過是為(wei)了(le)欺騙人(ren)民美化自己(ji)罷(ba)了(le)。此碑“文革(ge)”中(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)遺棄,埋(mai)入(ru)(ru)地下。1984年天(tian)(tian)津(jin)市人(ren)民政府復立(li)此碑,并列為(wei)區級(ji)重點文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。后又(you)被(bei)列入(ru)(ru)市級(ji)文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。
孫中山先生銅像
2006年(nian)11月8日(ri)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先生(sheng)銅(tong)(tong)像落成(cheng),中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)公園內占(zhan)地1100多平方米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)花壇上立(li)起一座嶄新的(de)(de)(de)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)全身銅(tong)(tong)像,黃楊簇擁,偉岸莊重(zhong)。這是孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)孫女(nv)、美籍華(hua)人孫穗芳博士捐建的(de)(de)(de)。該銅(tong)(tong)像表現(xian)了1912年(nian)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)在(zai)原河北公園演(yan)講時的(de)(de)(de)風采(cai)。銅(tong)(tong)像高(gao)2.2米(mi)、重(zhong)兩(liang)噸(dun),安裝在(zai)2.3米(mi)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)基座上。銅(tong)(tong)像背面篆(zhuan)刻了孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)當(dang)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)講全文。
地址:天津(jin)市河北區中山路公園(yuan)路
開(kai)放時(shi)間(jian):全天免費(fei)開(kai)放
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