黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)潭(tan)分前后兩(liang)(liang)池,中以一橋相(xiang)隔(ge),一泉水清(qing),一泉水渾,似道家(jia)所(suo)說陰陽各半的(de)(de)(de)(de)“太級圖”。兩(liang)(liang)泉水相(xiang)連,但兩(liang)(liang)泉的(de)(de)(de)(de)魚卻互不越(yue)潭(tan),形成“兩(liang)(liang)水相(xiang)交,魚不往來”的(de)(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)異(yi)景(jing)觀(guan)。古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群繞潭(tan)而建(jian)(jian),下觀(guan)即(ji)黑(hei)龍(long)宮,始建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武(wu)二十(shi)七年(1394年),供(gong)奉(feng)著龍(long)王、水族(zu)(zu)等塑像(xiang),傳說為(wei)興(xing)云(yun)降(jiang)雨之神。隱于綠蔭深處依山而建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)為(wei)上觀(guan)龍(long)泉觀(guan),即(ji)“漢黑(hei)水祠”。觀(guan)中植有(you)被郭沫(mo)若為(wei)“三(san)異(yi)木(mu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋柏、明(ming)(ming)(ming)茶,以及元(yuan)杉、清(qing)玉蘭等,明(ming)(ming)(ming)清(qing)時(shi)期梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)均匯(hui)于此(ci),故至(zhi)今古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)薈萃(cui),正如阮元(yuan)所(suo)道:“千歲(sui)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)千尺潭(tan),春(chun)風先(xian)到彩云(yun)南。”與(yu)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)相(xiang)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)——“龍(long)泉探(tan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)”為(wei)昆明(ming)(ming)(ming)新十(shi)六景(jing)之一,是西南地(di)區最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)勝(sheng)地(di)和梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)研究基地(di)。園(yuan)內(nei)薈萃(cui)了數千株(zhu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁(zhuang)及百年古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei);有(you)濃郁云(yun)南地(di)方民族(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)亭、臺、樓、榭散布其間,漾溢著中國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)無言(yan)之美與(yu)沉靜幽思(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情趣。園(yuan)內(nei)保留有(you)凸字碑(bei)、唐(tang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)、宋柏碑(bei)等歷代(dai)著名碑(bei)刻,以及明(ming)(ming)(ming)忠義公薛(xue)爾望(wang)墓(mu)和祠堂(tang)遺址。
緊靠龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)邊的(de)古建筑(zhu)群即"黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮",俗稱為(wei)下觀,始建于(yu)明洪武(wu)二十七年(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)),明景泰(tai)四年(nian)(nian)(1454年(nian)(nian))世襲黔國公沐氏,重(zhong)修(xiu)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮三進四院(yuan),綠樹(shu)森森,古樸幽雅,正殿供(gong)龍(long)(long)(long)王,配殿供(gong)水族等塑像。1966年(nian)(nian),"文化大革命"中,塑像全(quan)毀。龍(long)(long)(long)宮正殿墻上鑲有(you)清(qing)康熙年(nian)(nian)間(jian)云(yun)貴總督范(fan)承勛游黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)題詠碑記。2000年(nian)(nian)11月3日黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)清(qing)水池有(you)大量(liang)金線魚游出,昆明新聞媒體作了報道,引(yin)起社會廣泛(fan)關注。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮已恢復為(wei)古跡游覽區。
上觀(guan)又稱龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)。龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)山(shan)門拱門牌(pai)坊(fang),上書"紫極(ji)玄都(dou)"。黑龍(long)(long)潭上觀(guan)分為雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、北極(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和長春真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)、通妙真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)祠等5進13所大小(xiao)院落,整個建筑群順山(shan)勢(shi)由南向北層層升高。第(di)(di)(di)一層紫極(ji)玄都(dou)山(shan)門,第(di)(di)(di)二層雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)(di)(di)三層北極(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(現為祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian),側面為斗姆閣),第(di)(di)(di)四層玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)(di)(di)五層三清殿(dian)(dian)(dian),重(zhong)重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇有配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和廂房。天師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三豐殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、長春真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)祠、通妙真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)祠、休偃、庖(pao)房宇,均南北排列。
雷(lei)神殿前(qian)通道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce),有兩(liang)株(zhu)植于元代的孔雀杉(shan),東面一(yi)株(zhu)尤為繁(fan)茂,樹(shu)(shu)高26米(mi)(mi),胸徑1米(mi)(mi),西面一(yi)株(zhu)于1979年(nian)(nian)遭雷(lei)擊后已枯(ku)萎,現(xian)僅存(cun)約 10米(mi)(mi)的樹(shu)(shu)身及新發的枝干。甬道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)近"紫極(ji)玄都"牌坊的兩(liang)株(zhu)是奇異的扭柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)株(zhu)左扭,一(yi)株(zhu)右(you)扭,俗(su)稱(cheng)"左扭柏(bo)和(he)右(you)扭柏(bo)",兩(liang)株(zhu)柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu)胸徑均在1米(mi)(mi)以上,右(you)側(ce)一(yi)株(zhu)于1984年(nian)(nian)被雪壓倒折斷,僅剩6米(mi)(mi)高的枯(ku)樹(shu)(shu)樁。碑亭(ting)東面,有一(yi)梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan),俗(su)稱(cheng)東花園(yuan)。白梅(mei)(mei)、紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)、綠梅(mei)(mei)及臘梅(mei)(mei)等多(duo)個品種,梅(mei)(mei)樹(shu)(shu)老(lao)態龍鐘(zhong),枝干橫(heng)蜷,都是百(bai)年(nian)(nian)的古(gu)梅(mei)(mei),冬末春初幽香一(yi)園(yuan)。
唐(tang)(tang)開元(yuan)天(tian)(tian)寶年(nian)間,道安和尚由大理羅筌寺云(yun)(yun)游昆明(ming),手植兩(liang)株(zhu)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)。到清(qing)嘉慶(qing)年(nian)間,兩(liang)株(zhu)古梅(mei)(mei)"樹身腐爛,中若(ruo)玲瓏,旁(pang)發(fa)(fa)柔枝(zhi)",1923年(nian)兩(liang)株(zhu)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei)自(zi)然死(si)去,現留下一株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)四分之(zhi)一支干,雖經(jing)(jing)千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)風霜,仍然枝(zhi)干虬結(jie)蒼勁(jing),蜿蜒橫(heng)陳(chen),臥如龍(long)眠。現存唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei),為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei)支干上的(de)(de)(de)"旁(pang)發(fa)(fa)柔枝(zhi)"。這株(zhu)歷經(jing)(jing)千(qian)(qian)(qian)歲風雪的(de)(de)(de)奇花(hua)(hua),千(qian)(qian)(qian)百年(nian)來為(wei)人們(men)贊(zan)(zan)不絕口。清(qing)道光年(nian)間阮元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)《詠梅(mei)(mei)詩》:"千(qian)(qian)(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)千(qian)(qian)(qian)尺(chi)潭(tan),春(chun)風先到彩(cai)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)。香吹(chui)蒙(meng)鳳龜(gui)茲笛,影伴天(tian)(tian)龍(long)石佛龕。玉斧曾遭云(yun)(yun)外劃,驪(li)珠常(chang)向(xiang)水(shui)中探。只(zhi)嗟李杜無題句(ju),不與(yu)逋仙季(ji)迪談。"既(ji)寫黑龍(long)潭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)千(qian)(qian)(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua),千(qian)(qian)(qian)尺(chi)龍(long)潭(tan),又敘云(yun)(yun)南(nan)歷史(shi),對春(chun)風先到的(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)云(yun)(yun)之(zhi)南(nan),充(chong)滿贊(zan)(zan)譽之(zhi)情。
位(wei)于北(bei)極殿前,高28米(mi),胸(xiong)(xiong)徑1.4米(mi)。古根盤(pan)結,枝葉(xie)茂(mao)密。此外(wai),玉皇殿前還有一株(zhu)宋(song)柏,高25米(mi),胸(xiong)(xiong)徑1.25米(mi),高聳(song)云霄,枝葉(xie)繁茂(mao)。
植于明代,品(pin)種為早桃紅,至今(jin)已有四百多(duo)年的(de)歷(li)史(shi),樹高(gao)8米,胸徑0.25米,每逢歲(sui)寒,其(qi)它(ta)茶花尚(shang)含苞(bao)欲放,這株早桃紅已千(qian)朵(duo)盛開(kai),十分艷麗。
上觀(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內,保存著歷(li)代(dai)大量珍(zhen)貴的(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)碣,除唐梅碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、凸字(zi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)外(wai),還(huan)有宋柏碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、張三(san)豐畫像(xiang)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、阮元詩(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)全景圖碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及歷(li)代(dai)興修(xiu)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)。在黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮前兩院側墻(qiang)還(huan)鑲嵌有:道光元年(nian)《重修(xiu)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)》、嘉慶三(san)年(nian)《示(shi)永禁派累碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)》、康(kang)熙庚午(wu)年(nian)沈陽范承勛游黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)的(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)下觀(guan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮與上觀(guan)龍(long)泉觀(guan),1961年(nian)昆明市(shi)人民(min)委員(yuan)會公(gong)布為市(shi)級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。1993年(nian)11月云南省人民(min)政府公(gong)布為省級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)上觀(guan)古(gu)(gu)建筑的(de)(de)北面,東臨三(san)清(qing)殿,西至(zhi)龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)路,南接桂花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan),北抵(di)杜(du)鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)建于(yu)1991年9月(yue),先后(hou)進(jin)行三(san)期工(gong)程建設,于(yu)1993年底竣工(gong),總投資(zi)450萬(wan)元。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)總面積28.5公(gong)頃(qing),種(zhong)(zhong)植地栽梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),1700株,培植梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多(duo)株。1994年元旦正式對外開放,命名為(wei)"龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為(wei)昆明(ming)新十六景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一。"龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為(wei)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)入口處(chu)立有(you)高4米,寬1.6米由4塊青石(shi)壘疊而成的(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石(shi)碑(bei),園(yuan)(yuan)門(men)為(wei)青綠色(se)園(yuan)(yuan)林建筑牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)毛澤東《沁園(yuan)(yuan)春.詠(yong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩(shi)牌(pai),展出有(you)數(shu)百盆(pen)(pen)(pen)珍稀古(gu)(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)建有(you)"文化齋"閣廊(lang)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)于(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)腰,上連紅楓林,下接藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)匯聚全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)珍稀品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)12個(ge)(ge)(ge),優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)70個(ge)(ge)(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建有(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)展廳、接待室和(he)爬山(shan)廊(lang)。賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)于(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)西北側(ce),至(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)大(da)門(men)。賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)傍水(shui),有(you)水(shui)榭(xie)亭廊(lang)及噴泉(quan)(quan)。花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)節(jie),入園(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)"且(qie)喜東湖春來到(dao),紅梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬(wan)樹一齊開"的(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)特(te)色(se)。果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),匯集了滇(dian)中、滇(dian)西、滇(dian)南果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多(duo)株,分片栽種(zhong)(zhong),果(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)素潔芳香,花(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令人浮想聯翩(pian)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)四周遍植松、竹配景(jing)(jing),把(ba)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)風骨(gu),松的(de)(de)堅貞,竹的(de)(de)氣(qi)節(jie)融于(yu)一園(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒三(san)友"景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。
1997年為迎接"香港(gang)(gang)回歸",黑龍潭風景名勝區(qu)營造了"迎香港(gang)(gang)回歸紀(ji)念(nian)林(lin)"。林(lin)區(qu)占(zhan)地2公頃,共種植(zhi)紅(hong)楓(feng)樹2000余株,立了石刻(ke)紀(ji)念(nian)碑(bei)。每逢深秋,半(ban)山紅(hong)葉隨風搖(yao)曳,滿山映紅(hong)。
杜鵑(juan)谷(gu)緊連果梅(mei)區,位(wei)于"龍泉探梅(mei)"北面的山谷(gu)中,占地8公頃,種植杜鵑(juan)10萬(wan)多株,清明前后,滿山滿溝杜鵑(juan)爭奇斗(dou)艷,呈現花海景觀(guan)。
龍(long)泉(quan)山(shan)有環山(shan)游路至(zhi)定(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)高(gao)13米,為(wei)七層八角密(mi)檐實心(xin)塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)又名文筆塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)始建(jian)于(yu)明代,清咸豐二年(1852年)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)過(guo)。七級塔(ta)(ta)身白(bai)云石壘砌,雕鑿精細,造型(xing)端莊,塔(ta)(ta)上刻道(dao)教四方神名,還刻有《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)五(wu)老山(shan)定(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)記》及道(dao)教《玉皇心(xin)印妙經》等。按重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑文載,重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)是(shi)為(wei)使龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan)道(dao)院(yuan)更加壯(zhuang)觀(guan)(guan),"培風(feng)脈于(yu)名山(shan)"意為(wei)龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan)的風(feng)水塔(ta)(ta)。1993年重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)定(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)。
龍(long)泉山東山嘴半坡上,松柏叢中,為王德三、吳澄、馬登(deng)云三烈(lie)士(shi)墓(mu),建于1984年(nian)。是云南(nan)(nan)省重點文物保(bao)護單位。墓(mu)園座北向南(nan)(nan),建有(you)休(xiu)息亭。墓(mu)地兩(liang)側安(an)裝石欄,四周(zhou)廣植松柏。三烈(lie)士(shi)墓(mu)后是王復生、張(zhang)舫烈(lie)士(shi)的墓(mu)地。
在昆(kun)明(ming)市內,可(ke)乘9、79、128、249路公交車可(ke)直達公園。
公園(yuan)屬(shu)于低緯度高原山地季(ji)風氣候,由于受印度洋西南暖濕氣流的影響(xiang),日(ri)照長、霜期短、年平均氣溫15℃。氣候溫和,夏無酷暑,冬不嚴寒,四季(ji)如春,氣侯宜人。